Spanish Martyrs

‡¯úwbk Ae‡jU ag©knx`

                                 Rbvw÷b cvš¿v, IGgAvB

wLªó wb‡RB cÖ_g ag© knx`| wZwb  c~&&&&Y¨ i³cv‡Zi gv‡a¨‡g gvbe RvwZ‡K cwiÎvY Ges gyw³ w`‡q‡Qb| Zuv‡K N„wYZ wbh©vZb Ges j¾vRbK µ‡k g„Zz¨ eiY Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| wZwb gvbe RvwZ‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Rb¨ µk‡K cwiavb K‡iwQ‡jb| †Zgwbfv‡e whïi evYx cÖPvi Ki‡Z wM‡q AMwYZ wLªó f³ cÖvY wem©Rb w`‡q‡Qb| Zvu‡`i c~Y¨ i‡³i wewbg‡q eZ©gvb gÛjx k³ wfwË c͇֯i ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| 1936 wLªóv‡ã †¯úb †`‡ki gvwU‡ZI wLªóvbymvwi‡`i  Dci  wbg©g wbhv©Zb Ges AZ¨vPvi n‡qwQj| A‡bK wLªóvbymvwi‡`i b„ksmfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj| 1936 wLªóv‡ã 22 Rb Ae‡jU Ges GKRb mvaviY wLªófË wLª‡ói bv‡g cÖvY wem©Rb †`b| Zuv‡`i c~Y¨ i‡³ iwÄZ nq ‡¯úb †`‡ki gvwU| Zuviv wLª‡ói mvÿ¨ enb K‡i‡Qb gÛjx‡Z| Avgiv Zv‡`i kÖרv, fw³ Ges Zuv‡`i gva¨¯Ívq cÖv_©bv Kwi †hb Avgiv wLª‡ói evYx cÖPvi Ki‡Z AbycÖvwYZ nB|

wbh©vZb Ges wLª‡ói mvÿ¨ enb:

1936 wLªóvã †_‡K 1939 wLªóvã ch©šÍ M„n hy×, mvg¨ev` Ges mgvRZš¿ev‡`i DÌv‡bi mgq †¯úb †`‡ki gvwU‡Z wLªóvbymvwi‡`i i³ iwÄZ Ges wmwÂZ nq| mnmª wLªóvbymvwi‡`i‡K  Amnwbq wbhv©Zb, AZ¨vPvi Ges nZ¨vhÁ  Pvwj‡qwQj| cy‡ivwnZ, wm÷vi, mbœvmeªZx Ges eªZxwbMY Zv‡`i agx©q †cvkvK cwiavb K‡i ¯‹zj K‡jR, wek¦-we`¨vjq, nvmcvZvj, wewfbœ †mevg~jK cÖwZôvb I ag©cjøx‡Z ˆcÖwiwZK †mev`vb Ki‡Zb| hxïi c~Y¨ bv‡gB Zuviv Rxeb Drm©M K‡iwQ‡jb| mKj †mevKvR Zuviv hxïi bv‡gB m¤úv`b Ki‡Zb ZvB Zuviv eY©bvZxZ AZ¨vPvwiZ n‡qwQj| ‡¯úb †`‡k Zuv‡`i hxï wLª‡ói bv‡g mvÿ¨ evYx wPi ¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡e mKj gvby‡li Kv‡Q|

eZ©gv‡b  Aemi cÖvß AvP© wekc  ZrKv‡j  hvRK  mvsevw`K  Zvi Awfm›`f© Ò‡¯úb †`‡k ag©xq wbhv©Z‡bi BwZnvmÓ wbh©vwZZ‡`i GKUv cwimsL¨vb Zz‡j a‡ib| †¯úb †`‡k me©‡gvU 6932 Rb hvRK Ges ag©eªZx-ag©eªwZbx ag©knx` n‡qwQj| Zv‡`i  g‡a¨ wek‡ci msL¨v 12 Rb, ag©cÖ‡`kxq hvRK 4172 Rb, mbœ¨vmeªZx 2365 Rb Ges mbœ¨vmeªwZbx 283 Rb| KZ †h ag© knx` n‡qwQj Zvi mwVK cwimsL¨vb Kiv wQj LyeB KóKi| †¯úb †`‡ki gÛjxi BwZnv‡m Zv‡`i Ae`vb Awb¯^xKvh©| Zuv‡`i Ag~j¨ i‡³i wewbg‡q wLªó gÛjx‡K ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| hyM hyM a‡i Zuviv ‡¯úb †`‡ki gvby‡li  ü`‡q †eu‡P _vK‡eb| Zuv‡`I Rxeb mvÿ¨, Av`k©, wLª‡ói cÖwZ wek¦vm Ges Rxe‡bvrm©M mn¯ª  wLªó wek¦vmx‡`i †cÖiYvi Drm n‡q _vK‡e|

Ae‡jU ag©knx`‡`i ZvwjKv:

1936 wLªóv‡ã wLªóvb‡`i Dci wbh©vZ‡bi mgq Ae‡jU hvRK, wWKb Ges ¯‹jvw÷KMY wLª‡ói mvÿ¨ enb Ki‡Z wM‡q cÖvY wem©Rb †`b| wLªóv`k© cwiavb K‡i Ae‡jU cÖwfwÝqvjmn, hvRK, eªv`vi, wWKb, ¯‹jvw÷K †gvU 22 Rb Ges 1 Rb wLªóf³ ag©knx` nb| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ me‡P‡q eq¯‹ wQj 54 eQi Ges me‡P‡q Kg eq¯‹ wQj 18 eQi| Zv‡`i‡K wewfbœ mg‡q nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj| Zuviv 24 RyjvB, 7 I 28 b‡f¤^i 1936 wLªóv‡ã ag©knx` nb|

‡cvRy‡q‡jv‡Z Ae‡jU ¯‹jvmwU‡KU:

‡cvRy‡q‡jv GKwU †QvU kni gvw`ª‡`i wbK‡U| 1929 wLªóvã †_‡KB Ae‡jU dv`viMY GB RvqMvq emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i| gv gvwiqvi bv‡g AvbyôvwbKfv‡e 1930 wLªóv‡ã Ae‡jU ¯‹jvw÷‡KU DrmM© Kiv nq Ges GKB mv‡_ cvjKxq ‡mev `v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ M„nwU e¨venvi Kiv nq| ZvB GB M„‡n Ae¯’vb KiwQ‡jb Ae‡jU dv`iMY, eªv`viMY Ges ¯‹jvw÷KMY| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Zv‡`i g~j KvR wQj evYx cÖPvi Kiv, ‰cÖwiwZK †mev `vb, cvc ¯^xKvi kÖeY Kiv, wLªóhvK DrmM© Kiv Ges ag© wkÿv †`qv| GQvovI wm÷vi‡`i Kb‡f‡›Ui P¨vc‡jBbi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Zb| ¯‹jvw÷KMY cvk¦eZ©x ag©cjøx‡Z wM‡q ag© wkÿv w`‡Zb Ges ag©xq Ges Dcvmbv m½x‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zb| †cvRy‡q‡jv kn‡i Ae‡jU m¤úª`v‡qi dv`vi‡`i L¨vwZi Afve wQjbv | Ae‡jU m¤úª`v‡qi dv`viMY `ÿZvi mv‡_ GB †QvU kn‡i evYx cÖPvi Ki‡Zb|

1936 wLªóv‡ã mvg¨ev`, mgvRZš¿ Ges kªwgK `j¸‡jvi DÌvb n‡Z _v‡K Ges Zviv wLªóag©‡K ïÎæ fve‡Z ïiæ K‡i| Zviv hyeK‡`i BÜb †hvMvq †hb Zviv wLªóvb‡`i Dcvmbvjq aŸsk K‡i Ges wbh©vZb K‡i| Ggwbfv‡e wbh©vZ‡bi I AZ¨vPv‡ii cwiwa Ges cwigvbI evo‡Z _v‡K| 20 RyjvB 1936 wLªóvã mgvRZš¿ Ges KwgDwb÷M‡Yi  AgvbweK wbh©vZb , wbôzi AZ¨vPvi gvw`ªZ kn‡ii N‡i N‡i, we‡kl K‡i wMR©v Ges Kb‡f›UMy‡jv‡Z AvNvZ nv‡b| wLªó fËM‡Yi Nievwo, wMR©v Ges Kb‡f›U¸‡jv Zviv Av¸‡b cy‡o QviLvi K‡i w`j| we‡kl K‡i †cvRy‡q‡jvi †QvU kn‡i Zv‡`i wbh©vZ‡bi gvÎv wQj †ewk| Zviv dv`vi, wm÷vi Ges mvaviY wLªóf³ RbM‡Yi  evwo wMR©v, P¨v‡cj Ges wLªóa‡g©i Dcvgbvi cÖ‡qvRbxq g~j¨evb me wRwbmcÎ ZQbQ K‡i Ges whïi cÖwZK…wZ Qwe , wm÷vi dv`vi‡`i †cvkvK Av¸‡b c‡o †d‡j|

22 RyjvB 1936 wLªóv‡ã weKvj 3 Uvq GK`j ˆmb¨ mymw¾Z Av‡Mœqv¯¿ wb‡q Ae‡jU mbœ¨vmx‡`i Avev¯’‡j AvµgY K‡i| ˆmb¨ evwnbx evwo‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡iB 38 Rb‡K AvUK K‡i| Zvi c‡i mevB‡K GKUv †QvU N‡i ew›` K‡i iv‡L| Av‡Mœqv¯¿ e›`yK`vix ˆmb¨ Zv‡`i cvnviv †`q| mevB‡K e›`xe¯’vB cÖvY bvk Kivi ûgwK w`‡Z _v‡K| Zv‡`i  Rb¨ Zv wQj ev¯ÍweK GK biK hš¿Yv| wecøex  ‰mb¨iv Ae‡jU dv`vi‡`i e¨veüZ wRwbmcÎ, †ivRvwigvjv, ag©xq eB, Dcvmbvq e¨veüZ cweÎ wRwbmcÎ c``wjZ Kij Ges mewKQyB AvMy‡b R¡vwj‡q w`j| Ae‡jU dv`viMY Ges ¯‹jvw÷KMbK wb‡Ri evwo‡ZB AvUK Ges ew›` K‡i ivLj|

Ae‡jU ag©knx`MY:

24 RyjvB 1936 wLªóv‡ã cÖ_‡g 7 Rb Ae‡jU dv`vi Ges ¯‹jvw÷K‡`i wbg©g Ges wbôzifv‡e  webv wePv‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq| Zuviv n‡jb dv: Ryqvb AvšÍbx c¨v‡iR gvI eqm 29 Ges wZwb  Aa¨vcbv Ki‡Zb| mve wWKb ¯‹jvw÷K eªv`vi gvby‡qj ¸wZ‡q‡i‡R gvw©Ub eqm 23| ¯‹jvw÷K  mve wWKb †m‡mwjI †fMv ¸‡qiv eqm 23| ¯‹jvw÷K Ryqvb †c`ª KwU‡jøv dv©bv‡›`R eqm 22| cvmKz‡qj Avjv‡qR ¯‹jvw÷K eªv`vi eqm 19| d«vw݇Kv cj‡fvwibm M‡gR ¯‹jvw÷K eªv`vi eqm 26 Ges Ry‡÷v MbÄv‡jR ¯‹jvw÷K  eªv`vi eqm 21|

mvZRb ag©knx‡`i mswÿß Rxewb:

Ryqvb AvšÍbx c¨v‡iR gvI wQ‡jb AZ¨šÍ †gavex QvÎ|  Zuvi †kl el© ¯‹jvw÷K Rxe‡b gwbUi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb wek¦¯Í Ges Av¯’vkxj| wZwb  memgq eyw× †gav, `ÿZv Ges Aa¨q‡Y cÖ_g wQ‡jb|  wZwb 15 AMv÷ 1927 wLªóv‡ã jvm G¨v‡ibv‡m eªZ D”PviY K‡ib Ges `k©b Ges HkZË wb‡q Aa¨qb K‡ib| 1935 wLªóv‡ã Zv‡K cRy‡q‡jv‡Z Aa¨vcbvi Rb¨ wb‡qvM †`b|

gvby‡qj ¸wZ‡q‡i‡R gvw©Ub  wQ‡jb AgvwqK, wgïK, eÜzfvevcbœ Ges †Lvjv g‡bi gvbyl| wZwb wQ‡jb Kg©V Ges †gavwe QvÎ| HkZË 3q el© †kl K‡I wZwb mve wWKb Awfwl³ nb| wZwb GKRb `ÿ evYx cÖPviK wQ‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb ag©vbyivMx Ges Ae‡jU m¤úª`vq‡K wbkZ©fv‡e fvjevm‡Zb| ZvB wZwb wbm‡›`‡n Rxeb DrmM© Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb|

mve wWKb †m‡mwjI †fMv ¸‡qiv AvnŸvb †c‡qwQ‡jb dv: A¨v‡Äj IGgAvB Gi KvQ †_‡K| dv`vi wQ‡jb Zvi ¯^RvwZ| wZwb mymv¯’¨evb, ¯’zjKvq Ges fvj QvÎ| wZwb wKQzZv AšÍ©gywL wQ‡jb wKš‘ AK¬všÍ cwikÖg Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb|

d«vw݇Kv cj‡fvwibm M‡gR `k eQi eq‡m Zvi gvi Kv‡Q dv`vi Ges wgkbvwi nIqvm B”Qv cÖKvk K‡ib| wKšÍ Zvi gv Zv‡K Av‡iv cuvP eQi A‡cÿv Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| Zvi wcZv gvZv LyeB mvaviY| Zviv wQ‡jb `wi`ª wKš‘ LyeB cwikÖwg| Zvi evev wQ‡jb GKRb †glcvjK| Zvi `yB fvB Ab¨‡`i evwo‡Z wM‡q KvR Ki‡Zb| wKš‘ d«vw݇Kvi `„p msKí wQj †h wZwb GKRb †iwjwRqvm dv`vi n‡eb| wZwb 28 AMv÷ 1932 wLªóv‡ã Ae‡jU m¤úª`v‡q eªZ D”PviY K‡ib ‡cvRy‡q‡jv‡Z|

Ryqvb †c`ª KwU‡jøv dv©bv‡›`R K¨v_wjK cwiev‡I †e‡o I‡Vb| Zvi cÖ_g Ae‡jU m¤úª`v‡qi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM nq Ae‡jU cÖKvkbx ÔcywiwmgvÕ (Purisima) Gi gva¨‡g| dv`vi †Rvm †fMvI Zvi GjvKv †_‡K Ae‡jU dv`vi n‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB wZwbI AbycÖvwYZ n‡qwQ‡jb Ae‡jU dv`vi nIqvi Rb¨| wZwb QvÎ wnmv‡e ‡ewk eyw×`xß wQ‡jb bv wKš‘ K‡Vvi Aa¨vemvqx wQ‡jb|

Ry‡÷v MbÄv‡jR K¨v_wjK cwiev‡i Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb w`‡gwUªI Gi Nwbó eÜz wQ‡jb †h Zvi GK eQi Av‡M Ae‡jU m¤úª`v‡q †hvM`vb K‡iwQ‡jb|  1932 wLªóv‡ã wZwb RywbI‡i‡V _vKvKvjxb GKwU e¨vw³MZ WvB‡qwi wj‡Lb Ges Zv Zvi fvB ev©bv‡`v‡K cvVvb|  wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb †gavwe QvÎ Ges `ÿ †jLK| wZwb wQ‡jb `vwqZ¡evb, wgïK Ges eÜzfvevcbœ Av‡eMx gvbyl|

cvmKz‡qj Avjv‡qR wQ‡jb †gavwe QvÎ Ges Ae‡jU m¤úª`vq‡K AZ¨šÍ fvjevm‡Zb| wZwb me©`v nvwmLywk _vK‡Zb| wZwb wQ‡jb Drmvnx, AbymwÜrmyK, D‡`¨vwM Ges me Ae‡jU eªv`viMb Zv‡K Lye fvjevm‡Z Zvi AgvwqK AvPi‡Yi R‡b¨|

GB mvZ Rb ag©knx` wLª‡ói mvÿ¨ enb K‡i‡Qb Ges wLªó‡K cwiavb K‡i‡Qb ZvB Zviv wbwf©Kfv‡e g„Zy¨‡K Rvbv m‡Ë¡I Avwj½b K‡i‡Qb|

7 b‡f¤^i 1936 wLªóv‡ã dv: †Rvm †fMv‡K  (32 eQi) Ges ¯‹jvw÷K †miwfwjqv‡bv wiqv‡bv †n‡i‡iv‡K , eqm 30, †mbvevnxwb m`m¨MY AvUK K‡i wb‡q wM‡q wbôzi Ges wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv nq| dv`vi †Rvm wQ‡jb MVb M„‡ni cwiPvjK|  ¯‹jvw÷K †miwfwjqv‡bv wiqv‡bv †n‡i‡iv g„Zz¨i c~‡e© dv`vi gvw©U‡bi Kv‡Q cvc¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb|

13 Rb wbfx©K Ae‡jU ag©knx`:

28 b‡f¤^i 1936 wLªóv‡ã 13 Rb Ae‡jU dv`vi Ges ¯‹jvw÷K ag©knx` nb| GB w`‡b †mbvevwnbxi GKwU  UªvK G‡m †Kvb Awf‡hvM Qvovq 13 Rb Ae‡jU‡K AvUK K‡i  Ges cvivKz‡qjm Rvivgv bvgK ¯’v‡b Zv‡`i‡K wbôzi Ges wbg©gfv‡e ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| wbfx©K ag©knx`MY n‡jb dv`vi dªvw݇Kv jvKvj| wZwb wQ‡jb cÖ‡`kcvj cÖavb eqm 48 eQi| dv`vi wfb‡m›U eø¨v¼, wZwb wQ‡jb ‡jvKvj mywcwiIi 54 eQi eqm|  dv`vi ‡MÖ‡MvwiI Gm‡Kvevi Mviwkqv wZwb wQ‡jb ZrKv‡j m`¨vwfwl³ hvRK| wZwb 6 Ryb 1936 wLªóv‡ã hvRK c‡`vwfwl³ nb gvÎ 24 eQi eq‡m| mvewWKb †nv‡m Kvev‡jø‡iv eqm 24| wWKb Ry‡÷v Rwj eqm 26, ¯‹jvw÷K cyewjI iwWª¸‡qR 24 eQi eqm, †nv‡m ¸‡qiv 22 eQi eqm, `vwb‡qj M‡gR 20 eQi, Ry‡÷v Mbmvj‡eR 18 eQi eqm, †K¬‡g›U †Z‡Rwibv 18 eQi eqm, gv‡©Pwj‡bv dvb©vb‡Wm eqm 26, eªv`vi GjyD‡ZwiI 21 eQi eqm Ges eªv`vi G¨v‡Ä‡jv †ev‡Kvk 54 eQi eqm|

ag©knx` Kv¯Ívb:

ag©knx` Kv¯Ívb wQ‡jb mvaviY wLªó f³ | Zvi wek¦vm wQj Mfxi| ZvB wZwb wLª‡ói R‡b¨ Rxeb wem©Rb w`‡Z fq cvqwb| †ckvq  wZwb wQ‡jb †ij Kg©KZ©v| wZwb †¯ú‡bi †ewbdvB kn‡i 5 AvMó 1894 wLªóv‡ã Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb †ij wel‡q D”PZi †jLvcov K‡ib| wZwb †ij KvR Kivi cvkvcvwk K¨v_wjK  RvZxq Kgx©‡`i  mfvcwZ wnmv‡e wbôvi mv‡_ KvR K‡ib| KwgDwbó miKvi †`k cwiPvjbvi mgq Zv‡K  AvUK Kiv nq| 22 Rb Ae‡jU‡K hLb †cvRy‡jv‡Z AvUK Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K Ae‡jU Aev¯’v‡j AvUK Kiv nq| e›`x nIqvi ci wZwb ¯¿x, Kb¨v †Z‡iRv Ges 8 eQi eqmx cyÎ †nv‡mi KvQ †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡ob|

Zvi Kb¨v †Z‡iRv evev m¤ú©‡K e‡jb, Ò Avgvi evev wQ‡jb LyeB av©wgK| 23 Ryb evev I Avwg evwo‡Z wQjvg| Avgvi mvg‡b ‰mb¨iv evev AvUK K‡i wb‡q hvq| evev hvevi c~‡e© evwoi Pvwe Ges gvi AvswU Avgvi K‡Q †i‡L hvb| c‡i evev‡K Avi Ly‡Ru cvIqv hvB wb| 7 Rb Ae‡jU dv`vi Ges ¯‹jvw÷K‡`i mv‡_ Zv‡KI nZ¨v Kiv nq| whï cÖwZ Mfxi wek¦vm wQj e‡jB Zv‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q|Ó

Rxeb wem©Rb gn~Z ag©knx‡`i ü`qvbyf~wZ:

‡Z‡iwR‡bv gvÎ 18 eQi eqm Ges wZwbB Kwbó ¯‹jvw÷‡K‡U| Zuv‡K hLb AvUK‡i KvivMv‡i wb‡q hvIqv nw”Qj ZLb wZwb dv`vi †Wjwdb gb‡Rvi nv‡Z nvZ †i‡L ejwQj, Ò dv`vi Avgvi cvc ÿgv KiæY| Avwg wbwðZ gviv hve|Ó Ck¦‡ii mnvq dv`vi †Wjwdb cÖvY †ue‡Q wM‡qwQj| cieZx‡Z wZwb Zvui K_v mb¥Y K‡i LyeB Kó †c‡Zb| dv`vi †MÖv‡MvwiI g„Zz¨i c~‡e© Zuvi cwiev‡ii Kv‡Q GKwU cÎ wj‡Lb, Ò ¯^vÿgi‡`I Rxebx cvV K‡I Avwg me`©vB Avgvi ü`‡q Mfxi Z…wß †cZvg| ag©knx` nevi GKUv Mfxi †PZbv Avgv‡K me©`vB Zvobv KiZ| fveZvg whïi hvRK wnmv‡e cÖvY DrmM© KivB m‡ev©Ëg| KviY whï Zuvi ‡`n I i³ `v‡bi gv‡a¨‡g Avgv‡K ZvB Ki‡Z AvnŸvb Rvbvb|Ó GKRb Kei LbbKvix  ag©knx‡`i gyL †_‡K GB K_v ï‡bwQ‡jb, Ò Avwg Rvwb †Kb †Zvgiv Avgv‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Qv| KviY Avgiv K¨v_wjK I mbœ¨vmx| Avgiv whï‡Z wek¦vmx| Avgiv mevB †Zvgv‡`I ÿgv K‡i w`w”Q| ‡n wLªóivR †Zvgvi Rq †nvK|Ó

ab¨‡kÖYx fz³KiY: 2 GwcÖj 2011 wLª÷v‡ã fvwUKv‡bi mvay †kÖYxfz³ KiY Kvh©vj‡qi (Congregation for the Causes of Saints) cÖavb KvwW©bvj A¨vb‡R‡jv Av‡gv‡Zv cyY¨wcZvi mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡ib| †cvc †lvok †ewbwW± 1936 wLª÷v‡ã †cvRy‡q‡jv‡Z Ae‡jU ag©knx` 22 Rb Ae‡jU dv`vi, wWKb, eªv`vi Ges ¯‹jvw÷K †mwgbvwiqvb Ges GKRb wLª÷ f³‡K ab¨ †kÖYxfz³Ki‡Y Aby‡gv`b `vb K‡ib| Gi g‡a¨ w`‡q Av‡iv gÛjx‡Z 23 Rb¨ ab¨ e¨vw³ AšÍf©y³ nj| 17 wW‡m¤^i 2011 wLª÷v‡ã gvw`ª` K¨vw_Wªv‡j AvP©wekc AvšÍwbI gvwiqv fv‡ijv, †¯ú‡bi wekc Kbdv‡i‡Ýi wekcMY, we‡k¦i wfwebœ †`k †_‡K AvMZ Ae‡jU wekcMY, dv`viMY, eªv`viMY, ¯‹jvw÷K, eªZavix-eªZavwiYx Ges 23 Rb ag©knx` ab¨ †kÖYxfz³ e¨vw³‡`i AvwZ¥q ¯^R‡bi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z c~Y¨ wcZv †cvc g‡nv`‡qi cÖwZwbwa KvwW©bvj A¨v‡Ä‡jv Av‡gv‡Zv gnv wLªóhv‡Mi gv‡a¨‡g 22 Rb Ae‡jU dv`vi, wWKb, eªv`vi, ¯‹jvw÷K Ges 1 Rb wLªó f³‡K ab¨‡kÖYxfz³ K‡ib| GB w`b Ae‡jU m¤úª`vq Ges gÛjxi Rb¨ LyeB †MŠie, Avb›` Ges Ck¦i‡K ab¨ev` I  gwngvi w`b|

gÛjxi BwZnv‡m 23 Rb †¯úwbk ag©knx` ¯^b©vÿ‡i ‡jLv _vK‡e| Zuviv K¨v_wjK gÛjx wek¦vmx‡`i Av`k© n‡q _vK‡e Ges wek¦vm c~Y Rxeb hvc‡b Aby‡cÖiYv Ges Drmvn ‡hvMv‡eb| Ave‡jU m¤úª`vq 23 Rb ab¨ e¨vw³ †c‡q‡Q GUv Ck¦‡ii we‡kl K…cv Ges Avwk©ev`| Zuviv 1936 wLª÷v‡ã h_v‡cvh³ mg‡q wLª‡÷i mvÿ¨ enb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuv‡`i c~Y¨ i³cv‡Zi wewbg‡q †¯úb †`‡ki gÛjx Av‡iv mg„w× Ges kw³kvjx n‡q‡Q| mvay †cvc wØZxq Rb cj 1936 wLª÷v‡ã †¯ú‡bi ag©knx`i D‡Ï‡k¨ e‡jb, Ò 1936-1939 wLªóv‡ãi †¯úbxq wecø‡e Rxeb`vbKix wekc, cy‡ivwnZ, eªZavix-eªZavwiYx I wLªógÛjxi ‡MŠiegq I D¾¡jv`k©| kZ cÖwZK~jZv I wbh©vZ‡bi g‡a¨I Zuviv wLªó wek¦v‡m AUj Ges wLªó evYx cÖPv‡i wPiwek¯Í|Ó  Avgiv Zuv‡`i Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Kwi Zuviv †hb Avgv‡`i ¯^‡M© †_‡K Avk©xev` K‡ib, AvgivI †hb wLªóevYx cÖPv‡i ah©©©¨kxj, wek¯Í Ges msK‡Ui mg‡qI wLª‡ói evYx mvÿ¨enb Ki‡Z cvwi|

K…ZÁZv¯^xKvi:

1.   ‡ivRvwiI, dv: DBwjqvg AiæY, IGgAvB: †¯úb †`‡ki gÛjx‡Z 23 Rb bZzb ab¨ ag©knx‡`i K_v | mywß, c„óv, 17-20, Ae‡jU RywbI‡iU, XvKv, 2012 |

2.   K¯Ív, dv: AvwRZ, IGgAvB: 22 Rb ¯ú¨vwbk Ae‡jU mbœ¨vmeªZx I 1 Rb Lªxóf³ ag©knx` ab¨‡`i RxebMv_v| mvay BDwR‡bi wZ‡ivav‡bi 150Zg ¯§i‡Yvrme c~wZ©, wgkbvix Ae‡jUm& Ad& †gix n¤§vKz‡jU, Ae‡jU RywbI‡iU, ,  XvKv, 2011 |

3.  CALVo, Jambrina Antonio: The Oblate Spanish Martyrs. Rome, 1998.