Santal Marriage

mvš—vj weevn c×wZ D‡j­L Ki| †Kvb †Kvb w`K mg~n Lªxwóq weev‡n

ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi †¶‡Î MÖnY Kiv hvq I wKfv‡e?

(K) AeZiwbKv

                                               

(L) mvšÍvj weev‡ni aiY ev c×wZ

(1) m¨v`vq evcjv ev (mvaviY weevn)

(2) Ni Rvgvq evc&jv (Ni RvgvB)

(3) Nviw` Rvgvq evc&jv ev (Ni RvgvB)

(4) UzswK w`wcj evc&jv (gv_vq Szwo weevn)

(5) wTi ejK& evc&jv ev (N‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i weevn)

(6) QzUwK evcjv ev (GKvwaK ¯¿x MÖnY)

(7) QvWDB evcjv ev (weaev weevn)

(8) Wv½yqv evc­&jv (hyeK-hyeZxi weevn)

(9) Av½xi (cvwj‡q wM‡q weevn)

(10) ÔA-iÕ, evc&jv (†Rvic~e©K †U‡b wb‡q wM‡q weevn)

(11) BZzZ wm›`yi evcjv (wmu`yi w`‡q weevn)

(12) `vK& evc­&jv ev (cvwb weevn )

(M) weev‡ni cÖ¯—wZ Ges weevn

(1)  ‡T‡cj (†`Lv ‡`wL)

(2)  MbO (cY cÖ_v - K‡bi g~j¨ wba©viY)

(3) wMiv Zj (wbgš¿Y †`Iqv)

(4)  gv‡Ûvqv

(5) Mv‡q njy` Abyôvb

(6)  evwiqvZ& :eihvÎx (e‡ii AvMgb, Ae¯’vb I cvbvnvi)

(7) eic¶‡K weevn gʇc Avgš¿Y

(8) weevn Abyôvb

(9)  eihvÎxi cÖZ¨veZ©b

(10) we‡qi ci `¤úwËi m¤úK© cvKv‡cv³

(11) weevn we‡”Q`

(N) †h mg¯Í welq¸‡jv Lªxwóq weev‡n ms¯‹…Z¨vqb wnmv‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq

(1) gv‡Ûvq LybwU

(2) gvivs eyiæ

(3) Rv‡ni †ev½v

(4) gvbwS _vb

(5) †T‡cj (Rbm¤§y‡L G‡K Ab¨‡K †`Lv-†`wL)

(6) avb I `yeŸv Nv‡mi e¨envi

(6) Rvgvq †Kvov Dj& Zj& (e‡ii evû‡Z AvgcvZv cyuUwj †eu‡a †`Iqv)

(7) `vDov (eo ai‡bi Szwo)

(8) weevn Abyôvb

(9) wmu`y‡ii e¨envi

(10) njy‡`i e¨envi

mvš—vj weevn c×wZ D‡jøL Ki| †Kvb w`K mg~n Lªxwóq weev‡n

ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î MÖnY Kiv hvq I wKfv‡e?

(K) AeZiwbKv

AwaKvsk cÖMwZkxj ag©B weevn‡K bi-bvix Rxe‡bi Kj¨vYKi Kg© wn‡m‡eB ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q _v‡K| mvuIZvjiv weevn‡K agx©q `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †Zgb ¸i“Z¡ bv w`‡jI weevn I cwievi MVb gvbemgv‡Ri GKUv Acwinvh© e¨e¯’v iæ‡cB mgv‡R ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q _v‡K; ZvB weevn Qvov G Rxeb †hb Zv‡`i Kv‡Q AKíbxq| ¯¿x Qvov cyi“‡li Rxeb Ac~Y©, msmvi APj, Ni AÜKvi, GB n‡jv Zv‡`i aviYv| ZvB ejv hvq †h muvIZvj‡`i g‡Z weevn n‡jv GKwU ˆRweK Pvwn`v|  DcRvZxq Rb-Rxe‡bi bvbvwea ixwZ-bxwZ I AvPvi-Abyôvb, ms¯‹…wZ I HwZn¨ Abymv‡i †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i weevn bv †`Iqv ch©šÍ wcZvgvZv‡`i `vwqZ¡ cvjb Am¤ú~Y© †_‡K hvq| ZvQvov e‡qv‡R¨ôiv A‡bK mgq GB e¨vcv‡i †Kvb cÖKvi AvcwË I Awf‡hvM ïb‡ZI bvivR| wewfbœ Rwi‡c †`Lv wM‡q‡Q †h dv`vi, eªv`vi wKsev wmóvi bv n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K‡KB weevn Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv‡`i g‡Z weevn bv n‡j †hŠb¶zav PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ †Q‡j‡g‡qiv wec‡_ †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †Q‡j‡g‡qiv †hb †mB wec‡_ bv hvq †mRb¨ wcZvgvZvivI Zv‡`i †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i h_vm¤¢e kxNÖB we‡q †`Iqvi cÿcvwZ| GRb¨B Lªxóvb weev‡n eqm wVK _vK‡jI ALªxóvb weev‡ni eqm Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Lye Kg|

(L) mvšÍvj weev‡ni aiY ev c×wZ

evsjv‡`‡ki mvuIZvj mgv‡R cÖavbZ Pvi cÖKvi weev‡ni cªPjb †`Lv hvq; h_v-m¨v`vq evcjv (mvaviYfv‡e we‡q), ÔWv½yqvevc­vÕ (†cÖg NwUZ weevn), ÔA-iÕ Av‡`i evc&jv, (ejc~©eK weevn) Ges ÔBZzZÕ (†KŠkj weevn)| Pvi“jvj gyLvRx© mvuIZvj ciMYvi mvuIZvj‡`i g‡a¨ cÖPwjZ Av‡iv K‡qK cªKvi weev‡ni K_v D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb; h_v-evwi‡qr evc­&jv, Uzw¼ w`wcj, evnv†Wvi evc­&jv, Svwicvwb, wKwis RvIqvB, bxi‡evjK, Nviw` RvIqvB, wnivg †PZvb evc­&jv cÖf„wZ| D‡jøL¨ †h, †k‡li †ewkifvM weev‡ni cÖPjb evsjv‡`‡ki mvuIZvj‡`i g‡a¨ mPivPi †`Lv hvq bv| Z‡e G †`‡ki mvuIZvj‡`i g‡a¨ †h mg¯Í weevn  c×wZ Ges weev‡ni ixwZ-bxwZ cÖPwjZ †`Lv hvq †m¸‡jvi mswÿß cwiPq Zz‡j aiv n‡jv| Ges G¸‡jvi ga¨ w`‡qB Avw`evmx mgvR-gvb‡mi wbR¯^ wPš—v-‡PZbvi cwiPq ¯úó n‡q D‡V‡Q|

(1)  m¨v`vq evc&jv (mvaviY weevn)

muvIZvjK mgv‡R G ai‡bi weevn AwaK cÖPwjZ| weev‡ni GB c×wZ‡Z wcZvgvZvMY Zv‡`i †Q‡j ev †g‡qi Rb¨ cvÎ ev cvÎx cQ›` K‡i †Q‡ji weevn w`‡q _v‡Kb Ges Zv‡`i wm×všÍB PzovšÍ wnmv‡e MY¨ nq| mvaviY wbqg-gvwdKB GB weevn m¤úbœ nq| Dfqc‡ÿi cQ›` n‡j ivqevwiP& (NUK) Dfqc‡ÿi evox‡Z hvIqvi Rb¨ w`b-ZvwiL avh© K‡ib muvIZvj fvlvq hv‡K ejv nq IovK& `yqvi †T‡cj (Ni-evox †`Lv)| GB ch©v‡q muvIZvj K…wó‡Z A‡bK AvbyôvwbKZv i‡q‡Q; me AvbyôvwbKZv m¤úbœ nIqvi c‡i †Q‡j-†g‡q‡K Avk©xev` Kiv nq Ges evM`Ëv Abyôvb m¤úbœ nq|

(2) Ni Rvgvq evc&jv (Ni RvgvB we‡q)

†Kvb e¨w³i †Kvb cyÎ mšÍvb bv _vK‡j Ni-msmvi †`Lvïbv Kivi Rb¨ GKwU †g‡qi Rb¨ evox‡Z RvgvB Avbv nq| GB ixwZ‡K Ni Rvgvq evcjv ejv nq| A‡b‡K †kl eq‡mi K_v wPšÍv K‡i cvwievwiK cwiPvjbv `vb I cvwievwiK Kv‡R mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Ri e‡qv‡R¨ô Kb¨v mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ Ni RvgvB Av‡bb| ZvB wb‡Ri cyÎ mšÍv‡bi g‡ZvB †m k¦ïi-m¤úwËi DËivwaKvix nq| k¦ïi-kvïoxi g„Zz¨i ci Ab¨vb¨ Kb¨v mšÍvbI wcZvgvZvi mgvb AwaKvi jvf K‡i _v‡K| Lªxóvb‡`i weev‡n GB ixwZ‡Z ‡Zgb †Kvb evav †bB| Z‡e GB ai‡bi weevn LyeB Kg cwijwÿZ nq|

(3) Nvi&w` Rvgvq evc&jv (Ni RvgvB)

‡Kvb cwiev‡ii Kb¨v mšÍvb wKsev cyÎ mšÍvb _vK‡jI cyÎ mšÍv‡biv hw` bvevjK Ae¯’vq _v‡K ‡mB cwiev‡ii KZ©v hw` e¨waMÖ¯Í _v‡K ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y KvR Ki‡Z Aÿg n‡q c‡o ZLb mvsmvwiK Kv‡R cwiPvjbv `v‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb e¨w³ Zvi ‡R¨vô Kb¨vi Rb¨ RvgvB ev ¯^vgx N‡i Avb‡Z cv‡i ; Ges GUv‡K Nviw` Rvgvq evc&jv e‡j| D³ e¨w³i mšÍvb mvevjK n‡j †mB ¯^vgx c„_K Ni-evox K‡i Ges Avjv`v n‡q hvq| cwi‡k‡l k¦ïi evox‡Z mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ k¦ï‡ii KvQ †_‡K wKQz m¤úwË †m jvf K‡i|

(4) UzswK w`wcj& evc&jv (gv_vq Szwo weevn)

GB ixwZ‡Z gvÎ cY w`‡q Ab¨vb¨ LiP QvovB weevn n‡q _v‡K| weev‡ni GB c×wZ‡Z ivqevwiP& (NUK) cuvPRb‡K eihvÎx wnmv‡e K‡bi evox‡Z wb‡q hvq Ges †mLv‡b LvIqv-`vIqv I nvwoqv cvb †k‡l K‡b‡K `vDov‡Z (euv‡ki ˆZix GKUv eo ai‡bi Szwo) ewm‡q gv_vq K‡i e‡ii evox‡Z wb‡q Avmv nq Ges GmgqB K‡bi wmuw_‡Z wmu`yi `vb AbyôvbwU m¤úbœ nq| Gmgq K‡bi mv‡_ mxwgZ msL¨K †jvK e‡ii evox‡Z hvq| AZ:ci LvIqv-`vIqv I bvP-Mv‡bi gva¨‡g we‡qi Abyôvb †kl nq| mgv‡Ri AZ¨šÍ Mixe Lªxóvb muvIZvjivI GB ixwZ‡Z weevn K‡i _v‡K|

(5) wTi& ejK& evc&jv (N‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i weevn)

‡Kvb hyeK-hyeZxi g‡a¨ hw` we‡q Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ ˆ`wnK m¤úK© n‡q _v‡K Ges c‡i †Kvb Kvi‡b †Q‡jwU we‡q‡Z AgZ cÖKvk K‡i wKsev †Kvb ‡g‡q hw` †Kvb †Q‡j‡K weevn Ki‡Z Pvq wKš‘ †Q‡jwU Zv‡K mvaviY cÖ_vq weevn Ki‡Z ivRx bv _v‡K Zvn‡j †m‡ÿ‡Î †g‡qwU RMgvbwSÕi (hyeK-hyeZxi m`©vi) Kv‡Q BwZe„Ë me Avjvc K‡i †g‡qwU ¯¿xi AwaKvi wb‡q Zvi wcZvgvZv‡K bv Rvwb‡qB †Q‡jwUi evox‡Z P‡j hvq| G ai‡bi weevn‡K wTi ejK& evc&jv e‡j †Q‡jwUi gv †Q‡ji m¤§wZµ‡g †g‡qwU‡K MÖnY Ki‡j weevnwU m¤úbœ nq wKš‘ †Q‡jwU hw` we‡q‡Z ivRx bv _v‡K Z‡e †g‡q‡K A_© Rwigvbv w`‡Z nq Ges †g‡q †`vlx mve¨¯Í nq| Lye Kg n‡jI Lªxóvb‡`i g‡a¨I GB weevn †`Lv hvq|

(6) QzU&wK evc&jv (GKvwaK ¯¿x MÖnY)

muvIZvj mgv‡R †Kvb †jv‡Ki cÖ_gv ¯¿x hw` mšÍvb avi‡Y Aÿg nq A_ev ¯¿xi M‡f© †Kvb mšÍvb bv Av‡m Zvn‡j esk iÿvi ZvwM‡` †m Zvi cÖ_gv ¯¿xi mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv mv‡c‡ÿ ¯¿xi m¤§wZ wb‡q ev webv m¤§wZ‡ZI Av‡iKRb ¯¿x‡K N‡i Avb‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ mgv‡Ri †Pv‡L G ai‡bi weevn‡K AwZ wb›`bxq wnmv‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| G ai‡bi weevn‡K QzUwK evc&jv e‡j| G ai‡bi weev‡ni †ÿ‡Î cÖ_g ¯¿x‡K evU&wK Ges wØZxq ¯¿x‡K QzU&wK ejv nq| G ai‡bi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cÖ_g ¯¿x Zvi ¯^vgxi mv‡_ _vK‡Z bv PvB‡j †m Rwg Ges GKUv Ni cvq|

(7) QvW&DB evc&jv (weaev weevn)

muvIZvj mgv‡R GKRb cyiƒ‡li ¯¿x gviv †M‡j †m cybivq weevn Ki‡Z cv‡i| †Zgwbfv‡e GKRb ¯¿x‡jv‡Ki ¯^vgx gviv †M‡j †mB ¯¿x‡jvK wØZxqevi weevn Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e A‡bK `y‡f©vM †cvnv‡Z nq Ges mgv‡R nxb `„wó‡Z we‡ePbv Kiv nq| wKš‘ Zviv hw` we‡q Ki‡Z mÿg nq Zvn‡j G ai‡bi weevn‡K QvWDB evc&jv e‡j| GB we‡q `vDov‡Z bq eis gv`yi ev wcwoi Dci ewm‡q we‡q †`Iqv nq; wKš‘ wmu`yi †`Iqv nq bv| KviY Zv‡`i wek¦vmg‡Z †h†Kvb bvixi GKeviB we‡q nq Ges Av‡M Ab¨R‡bi mv‡_ we‡q n‡q‡Q| Lªxóvb‡`i g‡a¨I GB weevn cÖPwjZ Av‡Q|

(8) Wv½yqv evc­&jv (cwiYZ hyeK-hyeZxi weevn)

AwffveK‡`i cQ›`gvwdK weevn‡KB e‡j Wv½yqv evcj­v| G‡`kxq mvuIZvj‡`i cªvq kZKiv beŸB fvM weevnB m¤úbœ nq GB c×wZ‡Z| GB †kªYxi weev‡n ei-K‡bi gZvg‡Zi Ici †h G‡Kev‡iB ¸i“Z¡ †`Iqv nq bv Zv bq; Zv‡`i gZv-g‡Zi we‡ePbv Kiv nq| G wKš‘ †kl ch©š— ei-K‡bi AwffveK‡`i gZvgZB Pzovš—iƒ‡c M„nxZ n‡q _v‡K| D‡j­L¨ †h, GB †kªYxi weev‡n †Q‡ji c¶B K‡b wb©evP‡bi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i| mgv‡R Kv‡iv †Q‡j weev‡ni Dchy³ n‡j Zvi AwffveK Zvi AvZœxq-KzUz¤^ wb‡q Dchy³ K‡b wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ civgk© Ki‡Z e‡m| AZ:ci GKRb ivqevixP& Gi (NU‡Ki) Ici K‡b mÜv‡bi `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y Kiv nq| mvuIZvj mgvR weev‡ni †¶‡Î NU‡Ki GKUv Kvh©Ki f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq|

(9) Av½xi (cvwj‡q wM‡q weevn)

mvuIZvj mgv‡R Avw½i evc&jvÕi weevn c~‡e© cÖPzi n‡Zv; nIqvi KviYI wQ‡jv| c~‡e© Zv‡`i (bvix-cyiƒl, hyeK-hyeZx mevB gv‡V KvR Ki‡Z †hZ) Kg©Rxe‡b ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ AwaKZi Rvbv- †kvbvi my‡hvM wQ‡jv| wewfbœ  Abyôv‡b mvuIZvj hyeK-hyeZx‡`i g‡a¨ ci¯úi†K Rvbvi I ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ AwZ mn‡R ˆ`wnK m¤ú©K ¯’vc‡bi my‡hvM Avm‡Zv| Avi Gi djkÖ“wZ ¯^iƒcB Zviv cvwj‡q wM‡q ˆeevwnK e܇b Ave× n‡Zv| A‡bK hyeK-hyeZx ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ cÖYqvm³ n‡q co‡j GKw`b Zviv wfbœ MÖv‡g cvwj‡q hvq| Zvici D³ MÖv‡gi gvwS-nvov‡gi mnvqZvq Dfq c‡¶i AwffveK‡`i mvg‡b †cÖwgK-‡cÖwgKv ci¯úi Zv‡`i AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i _v‡K| ci¯úi m¤§wZ cÖ`vb Ki‡j Zr¶Yvr †cÖwgK Zvi †cÖwgKvi Kcv‡ji wmu`yi cwi‡q †`q| Gfv‡eB weev‡ni KvR m¤úbœ n‡q hvq| A‡bK mgq †cÖwgK-‡cÖwgKv wfbœ MÖv‡gi gvwS-nvov‡gi kiYvcbœ bv n‡q wbR MÖv‡gi  gvwS-nvov‡gi  Kv‡QI wb‡R‡`i AwfgZ e¨³ Ki‡Z cv‡i; AZ:ci Dfq c‡¶i AwffveK؇qi m¤§y‡L c~‡ev©³ c×wZ‡Z weev‡ni KvR mym¤úbœ nq|

(10) A-i Av‡`i evc&jv (†Rvic~e©K †U‡b wb‡q wM‡q weevn)

†Kvb †Kvb mgq nq‡Zv †Kvb mvuIZvj hyeK †Kvb mvuIZvj hyeZxi cÖYqvm³ n‡q c‡o| A_P hyeZxwU Zv‡K cQ›` K‡i bv | Giƒc †¶‡Î hyeKwU †KŠk‡j ev kw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g hyeZx‡K Avq‡Ë Avbvi †Póv K‡i| †m Zvi eÜzevÜe‡`i mnvqZvq my‡hvM ey‡S †Rvi c~e©K hyeZx‡K Zvi evox‡Z wb‡q hvq Ges †g‡qwUi wmuw_‡Z wmu`yi cwi‡q †`q| muvIZvj ixwZ-bxwZ‡Z †Kvb †g‡qi Kcv‡j wmu`y‡ii wPý co‡j †mB hye‡Ki eÜb LÛb Kiv Zvi c‡ÿ eo `vq n‡q c‡o| Giƒc †¶‡Î Mªv‡gi gvwS-nvovg hyeK-heZxi AwffveK؇qi m¤§y‡L hyeZxi gZvgZ e¨³ Kivi e¨e¯’v K‡i _v‡K| hyeZx ivRx n‡j Avi weev‡ni wKQy evwK _v‡K bv; ivRx bv n‡j  hyeK‡K mvgvwRKfv‡e Rwigvbv wnmv‡e A_© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq | Z‡e †m Rwigvbvi cwigvY AwZ jNy; Zv‡K gvÎ cvuP UvKv Rwigvbv w`‡Z nq| GB weevnI Lªxóvb‡`i g‡a¨ †`Lv hvq bv|

(11) BZzZ& wm›`yi evcjv (wmu`yi w`‡q weevn)

GUv‡KI †Rvic~e©K weevn ejv hvq| G‡¶‡ÎI †Kvb mvuIZvj hyeK †Kvb mvuIZvj hyeZxi cÖYqvm³ n‡q co‡j †m Zvi gZvgZ †g‡q‡K Rvbvq wKš‘ G e¨vcv‡i †mB †g‡qwU wKsev Zvi evev-gv ivwR bv _vK‡j †m‡ÿ‡Î †Q‡jwU †Rvic~e©K †g‡qwUi Kcv‡j wmu`yi cwi‡q w`‡q wmu`yi cvZvwU Mªv‡gi gvwS-nvov‡gi Kv‡Q Rgv †`q| gvwS-nvovg AZtci hyeZxi wcZvi mvg‡b hyeZxi gZvgZ Rvb‡Z Pvq | hyeZx ivRx n‡j weevn m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q e‡j aiv nq| wKš‘ Lªxóvb‡`i g‡a¨ GB weevn cwijwÿZ nq bv|

(12) `vK& evc­&jv ev (cvwb weevn)

weevn evoxi msjMœ GKwU Db¥y³ A½‡b ev gv‡Vi g‡a¨ GB AbyôvbwU cvwjZ nq Ges ejv hvq †h ei-K‡bi weevn msNwUZ nIqvi Av‡M GUvB me‡P‡q eo weevn Abyôvb ZvQvov GB Abyôv‡b A‡bK ixwZ-bxwZ I K…wó-HwZn¨ i‡q‡Q| AvwObvi evB‡i gv‡Vi g‡a¨ †QvU PZzf©R AvK…wZi GKwU K…wÎg cyKzi Lbb Kiv nq| GB cyKzi‡K †K›`ª K‡iB cvwb weevn AbywôZ nq | K‡bi gv GKwU _vjv‡Z AvZc PvDj,`yeŸ©v Nvm, njy` gvLv‡bv e¯¿ Ges wmu`yi wb‡q Av‡qvMYmn (RbbxMY) b„Z¨ Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Ni †_‡K †ei n‡q weevn gʇc Dcw¯’Z nq| Zv‡`i ms‡M GKwU †QvU †g‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i, Zvi gv_vq _v‡K Rj fwZ© GKwU †QvU Kjmx| mvuIZvj fvlvq GB †g‡q‡K e‡j ÔwZZwi KzwoÕ| GLv‡b ms‡¶‡c Xj wmu`yi (wekvj AvK…wZi XvK) AvPvi-Abyôvb AbywôZ nq, AZ:ci K‡bi gv, Av‡qvMM (gv-gwnjv) I mvuIZvj †g‡qiv e„ËvKv‡i evRbvi Zv‡j Zv‡j b„Z¨-MxZ Ki‡Z Ki‡Z `vevc­&jv ev cvwb weev‡ni Abyôvb m¤úbœ Ki‡Z hvq| GB mgq K‡bi gvZvi nv‡Z _v‡K `v Ges Zxi| cvwb weev‡ni ¯’v‡b K‡bi Rbbx †cuŠQvi c~‡e© MÖv‡gi bvq‡K (MÖvg¨ cy‡ivwnZ) cyKzi Nv‡U (K…wÎg cyKzi) hvq| cvwb weev‡ni Av‡qvRb AwZ Aí wKš‘ Gi Zvrch©, AšÍwb©wnZ A_© I ¸iƒZ¡ e¨vcK| K…wÎg cyKzi cv‡o bvq‡K (cyRvix) wZb †duvUv wmu`yi †`q, K‡qKwU cqmv iv‡L Ges cyKz‡ii R‡j nvwÛ (cPvwb) DrmM© K‡i| GB ¯’v‡b KeyZi nZ¨v K‡i Drme Kivi ixwZI cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| GB KeyZi ewj w`‡q i³ †X‡j †`Iqvi ga¨ w`‡q †g‡qwUi me cvc †gvPb n‡q‡Q e‡j Zv‡`i wek¦vm| Gic‡i †Kvb mgq †g‡qwUi Rb¨ i³cvZ Kiv‡bv n‡e bv| Zvic‡i †mB cyKz‡ii Dc‡i GKwU †Rvqvj †i‡L gvbwS nvovg, K‡bi evev I K‡b‡K †mB cyKz‡ii Dci ivLv †Rvqv‡ji Dci w`‡q †n‡U †h‡Z nq, GwUiI e¨vcK A_© i‡q‡Q| Gici K‡bi Rbbx G‡m bvq‡Ki Abyiƒc cyKzi cv‡o wmu`yi ‡`q, cqmv iv‡L Ges cPvwb DrmM© K‡i| AZ:ci Av‡qvMYmn N~Y©vKv‡i  cyKzi‡K †eób K‡i b„Z¨ Ki‡Z _v‡K Avi K‡bi gv cyKzi Nv‡U Zxi wb‡¶‡ci †KŠkj cÖ`©kb K‡i| ïay Zxi bq, K‡bi Rbbx Zvi nv‡Z `v w`‡q I b„Z¨vKv‡i cyKzi cv‡oi Ac‡`eZv‡K AvNvZ Kivi AsMfswM  cÖ`k©b K‡i| GB cvwb weev‡ni g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv, beea~i fwel¨Z Rxeb‡K Ac‡`eZvi cÖfvegy³ Kiv|

(M) weev‡ni cÖ¯—wZ Ges weevn

muvIZvj Avw`evmx‡`i weevn Abyôvb ejv hvq me‡P‡q eo GKwU Avb›` Abyôvb Ges GUv‡K †K›`ª K‡i A‡bK wePvi-AvPvi n‡q _v‡K; AvBb-Kvby‡bi e¨vcv‡iI mgvR †ek K‡Vvi g‡bvfve †cvlY K‡i _v‡K| KviY weevn Abyôv‡b †hmg¯Í ixwZ-bxwZ i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jvi e¨wZµg n‡j ev jsNb n‡j Rwigvbvi weavb i‡q‡Q| Z‡e Lªxóvb muvIZvj‡`i g‡a¨ GB welq¸‡jv ZZUv K‡Vvifv‡e †`Lv nq bv| Z‡e muvIZvj‡`i g‡a¨ †h mg¯Í c×wZi wfwˇZ weevn Abyôvb m¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K †m¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i cÖvq mKj RvqMvi muvIZvjMY GKgZ †cvlY K‡i _v‡Kb| wb‡gœ muvIZvj weev‡ni c×wZ¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-

(1)  ‡T‡cj (†`Lv ‡`wL)

muvIZvj Avw`evmx‡`i ¯^vfvweK wbq‡g eicÿ †g‡q †`‡L cY w`‡q weevn wVK K‡i _v‡K| Zvici †h‡Kvb GKw`b †Q‡j Zvi AwffveK‡`i m‡½ wb‡q †g‡q †`L‡Z hvq| GB Abyôvb‡K †T‡cj e‡j| †Q‡jcÿ †g‡qc‡ÿi evox‡Z Dcw¯’Z n‡j Zv‡`i‡K AvwObvq em‡Z w`‡q Ò†jvUv `vK& (GKcvÎ cvwb w`‡q Dey n‡q gvwU‡Z `yB nvZ †VwK‡q cÖYvg Kiv) K‡i Af¨_©bv Rvbvq| AZ:ci mevB mvwie×fv‡e e‡m Ges Ni †_‡K gvb&wS eywo (MÖvg¨ cÖav‡bi ¯¿x) Ab¨vb¨ hyeZx Kb¨v‡`i mv‡_ †g‡q‡K eic‡ÿi mvg‡b wb‡q Av‡m Ges mevB gvwU‡Z nvZ †VwK‡q eicÿ‡K cÖYvg K‡i| Zvici gvb&wS eywo ev gvb&wS nvovg Dfq cÿ‡K cwiPq Kwi‡q †`q| †h‡nZz ‡g‡qi mv‡_ me hyeZx Kb¨viv _v‡K †m‡nZz eic‡ÿi Rb¨ †g‡q‡K wbe©vPb Kiv, †`Lv Ges cQ›` Kiv `ytmva¨ n‡q c‡o| ZvB gvbwS nvovg ev gvbwS eywo †g‡q‡K †`wL‡q †`q| wKQzÿY Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv Kivi ci eicÿ AvwObvi evB‡i hvq Ges cQ›` I AcQ‡›`i e¨vcv‡i wb‡R‡`i Kv‡Q mjvcivgk© K‡i| Gic‡i Avevi AvwObvq wd‡i Av‡m Ges cQ›` n‡jI ev bv n‡jI Zviv Zv‡`i wm×všÍ c‡i Rvbv‡e e‡j †`Lv-†`Lvi ce©wU ZvrÿwYKfv‡e ¯’wMZ iv‡L| ALªxóvb muvIZvj mgv‡Ri g‡Zv Lªxwóq mgv‡RI †`Lv‡`wLi gva¨‡g ei-K‡b wbe©vPb Kiv nq| iÿYkxj A‡bK cwiev‡iB ei-K‡bi AwffveK‡`i Øviv GB wbe©vPb n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e AvaywbK gb-gvbwmKZvq I wkÿv-`xÿvq wkwÿZ-`xwÿZ cwiev‡i ei-K‡b wb‡RivB wb‡R‡`i Rxeb m½x/mw½bx‡`i †e‡Q ‡bq| Avevi NU‡Ki gva¨‡gI ei-K‡b web©vP‡bi KvR m¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K|

(2)  MbO (cY cÖ_v - K‡bi g~j¨ wba©viY)

†g‡q‡K cQ›` n‡j †Q‡jcÿ w`b-ZvwiL avh© K‡i †g‡q †`Lvi Rb¨ †g‡qi evox‡Z hvq; muvIZvjx fvlvq GUv‡K IovK& `yqvi †T‡cj& (Ni-evox †`Lv) e‡j; GKBfv‡e †g‡qcÿI †Q‡ji evox‡Z †`Lvi Rb¨ hvq| hvÎvc‡_i wewfbœ wPýmg~n mZK©Zvi mv‡_ jÿ¨ Kiv nq hv †Q‡j ev †g‡qi fwel¨r Rxe‡bi myL-`yt‡Li ewn©cÖKvkiƒ‡c MY¨ Kiv nq| hw` meB m‡šÍvlRbK nq Z‡e gvbwS nvovg I RMgvbwS‡K cv †avIqv‡bv I †Zj gvLv‡bvi ga¨ w`‡q ¯^vMZg I Awfev`b Rvbv‡bv nq| Zvic‡i AwZw_eM©‡K nvwÛ cwi‡ekb Kiv nq Ges †Q‡j I ‡g‡qc‡ÿi gvbwSMY †Q‡j I †g‡qi c~e© cyiæl‡`i AvZ¥vi D‡Ï‡k¨ nvwÛ DrmM© K‡i †mB mv‡_ Zv‡`i Avnevb K‡i †Q‡j I †g‡qi fwel¨r g½j Kvgbv K‡i Zv‡`i Avk©xev` hvP&bv K‡i| Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi mewKQz BwZevPK wm×všÍ n‡q m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ AwZw_eM©‡K Lv`¨ cwi‡ekb Kiv nq| c‡ii w`b mKv‡j MbO wba©viY Kiv nq Ges MbO wnmv‡e mvuIZvj‡`i g‡a¨ K‡bcY †`Iqvi ixwZ cªPwjZ Av‡Q| Z‡e c‡Yi cwigvY AZ¨š— bMY¨ | c~‡e© c‡Yi cwigvY wQj 3,5,7 ev 12 UvKv ; eZ©gv‡b Gi cwigvY wKQyUv †e‡o‡Q| eZ©gv‡b c‡Yi cwigvY me©wbgœ 12 UvKv †_‡K m‡e©v”P 45 UvKvq `vuwo‡q‡Q| MbO Gi mv‡_ ci¯úi ci¯úi‡K Dcnvi cÖ`vb K‡i| Zvic‡i Zviv ÒwMiv ZjÓ (wbgš¿‡Yi myuZvq wMuU †`Iqv) K‡i| Z‡e eZ©gvb Lªxwóq weev‡n cY cÖ_vwU †hŠZzK wnmv‡e bq eis GUv GK AvbyôvwbKZv Ges `yB c‡ÿi ga¨Kvi m¤úK©‡K `„pKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ cY wnmv‡e 100 UvKvi †ewk cÖ`vb Kiv nq| Avi Ab¨vb¨ Avbylw½K welq¸‡jv Dcnvi wnmv‡eB a‡i †bIqv nq|

(3) wMiv Zj (wbgš¿Y †`Iqv)

ei-K‡bi cvi¯úvwiK cQ›` I gZvgZ Ges AwffveK‡`i wm×všÍ PzovšÍ n‡j Dfq c‡ÿi AwffveKMY AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡`i wbgš¿Y w`‡q _v‡Kb| ZvB muvIZvj Avw`evmxiv GKwU mv`v myu‡Zv njy` w`‡q gvwL‡q Zv‡Z wMuU †`Iqvi wfwˇZ AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡`i wbgš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| ‡hw`b Zviv wMiv Zj K‡i ‡mw`b †_‡KB we‡q Av‡gR I Avb›` ïiæ n‡q hvq Ges nvwo‡Z cPvwb cÖ¯‘Z Kivi ayg c‡o hvq| †hw`b Zviv myu‡Zvi g‡a¨ wMuU †`q †mw`b †_‡K ïiæ K‡i avh©K…Z weev‡ni w`b-ZvwiL ch©šÍ wVK ZZ¸‡jvB wMuU w`‡q _v‡K| muvIZvj fvlvq GUv‡K ÒwMiv ZjÓ e‡j| Zvic‡i mv‡_ GUv‡K `yeŸv Nvm, njy`, avb I AvZc Pv‡ji mv‡_ GK‡Î K‡i KuvVvj cvZvq gy‡o wb‡q AvZ¥xq-cwiRb‡`i evox‡Z ‡cŠ‡”Q †`Iqv nq Ges hv‡`i Kv‡Q GB wMiv †cÖiY Kiv nq Zviv GwU Zv‡`i N‡ii Pv‡j SzjšÍ Ae¯’vq †i‡L †`q Ges cÖwZw`b GKwU K‡i wMuU Ly‡j| Ae‡k‡l we‡qi Av‡Mi w`‡b †kl wMuUwU Ly‡j we‡q evoxi D‡Ï‡k¨ wbgwš¿Z AwZw_ wnmv‡e iIbv †`q Ges mv‡_ nvwÛ UzKzP& (cPvwbi nvwo) wb‡q hvq| Lªxóvb muvIZvjivI GB c×wZ AbymiY K‡i Z‡e wMiv Zj Kivi Av‡M Zviv GK‡Î e‡m cÖv_©bv K‡i Ges ei ev K‡bi g½j Kvgbv K‡i cÖv_©bv K‡i|

(4)  gv‡Ûvqv

we‡qi c~e© w`b gvwS-nvov‡gi wb‡`©‡k M‡Wr (evZ©vevnK) MÖv‡gi cÖwZwU cwiev‡i wM‡q we‡qi e¨cviwU Rvbvq Ges cª‡Z¨KUv cwievi †_‡K GKRb K‡i cyi“l A_ev hyeKiv G‡m e‡ii  Avw½bvq gv‡Ûvqv ˆZwi K‡i | GwU ‰Zwi †kl n‡j hviv GwU ˆZwi Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj Zv‡i mevB‡K fvZ LvIqv‡bv nq Ges eo‡`i GLv‡b cPvwb cwi‡ekb Kiv nq| Hw`b ei Ges Kb¨v mg¯— AvZœxq ¯^Rb G‡m Dcw¯’Z nq Ges ivw·Z AveviI M‡Wr MÖv‡gi cª‡Z¨KwU cwiev‡i wM‡q e‡j Av‡m we‡qi evox‡Z Avmvi Rb¨ | KviY H ivw·Z Mv‡q njy` Abyôvb AbywôZ n‡q _v‡K| muvIZvj Lªxwóq weev‡nI GKB fv‡e gv‡Ûvqv ‰Zix Kiv nq, Z‡e gv‡Ûvqvi gvSLv‡b eo ai‡bi GKUv µzk ¯’vcb Kiv nq GKB mv‡_ j¤^v euv‡ki LyuwU‡Z Av‡iKwU µzk †eu‡a gv‡Ûvqvi Dc‡i ivLv nq| AZci hviv gv‡Ûvqv ‰Zix K‡i Zv‡`i‡K LvIqv‡bvi ci Ab¨vb¨ Abyôvb¸‡jv m¤úbœ nq|

(5) Mv‡q njy` Abyôvb

weev‡ni Acivci Abyôv‡bi g‡a¨ ÔMv‡q njy`Õ mvuIZvj mgv‡Ri weev‡ni GKwU D‡j­L‡hvM¨ AvPvi-Abyôvb| GwU Avw`g muvIZvj mgvR †_‡K evOvjx wn›`y-gymjgvb mgv‡R AbycÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q; bvwK evOvjx wn›`y-gymjgvb mgv‡Ri cÖfv‡eB  mvuIZvj mgv‡R AbycÖweó n‡q‡Q ‡m wel‡q mwVKfv‡e ejv hvqbv| Z‡e mvuIZvj mgv‡R GB AbyôvbwU m¤úbœ nq AZ¨š— Avb›`Nb cwi‡e‡k | KviY GB Abyôv‡b ei I K‡b c‡¶i evox‡Z ïay ei ev K‡bi Mv‡q njy` gvLv‡bv nq bv; eis K‡bi m‡½ Zv‡`i wcZvgvZv GgbwK mvuIZvj mgvRcwZ‡`i, h_v-gvwS-nvovg, RMgvwS, cvivwYK, bvq‡K M‡WZmn Zv‡`i ¯¿x‡`i Mv‡q I njy` †g‡L nvwm Zvgvmv K‡i M„nv½b‡K gyLwiZ K‡i †Zvjv nq| GB AbyôvbwU mvaviYZ gv‡Ûvqv cÖ¯‘Z Kivi ciciB m¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K| GB Abyôv‡bB gvwS-nvov‡gi A_©vr MÖvg¨ cÖav‡bi wb‡`‡©k RMgvwS A_©vr Mªvg¨ cÖav‡bi Ab¨Zg mnvqK e‡ii nv‡Z GKwU g½jm~Îmn GKwU †QvU cyUwj †eu‡a †`q| cyUwji †fZ‡i _v‡K AvZc PvDj, `yeŸ©v Nvm I njy` Ges G¸‡jv wZbwU Av‡gi cvZv w`‡q euvav nq| weev‡ni KvR m¤úbœ K‡i ei ¯^M„‡n cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi c‡iB GB cyUwjwU †Lvjv nq| GB cyUwj evuavi Zvrch© wK wK ZvI Avwg Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K Rvbevi †Póv K‡iwQ | Zv‡`i wek¦vm weev‡ni ci cyUwj Ly‡j hw` †`Lv hvq, cyUwji Af¨š—i¯— `ªe¨vw` c‡P †M‡Q, Z‡e a‡i †bIqv nq Zv‡`i mš—vbvw` c‡i n‡e| Avi hw` c‡P bv wM‡q _v‡K Z‡e a‡i †bIqv nq Zv‡`i mš—vbvw` Av‡M n‡e| GB g½jm~Î Ges cyUwji  Abyiƒc e‡ii evû‡Z ÔKvRiv IwUÕ (KvR‡ji GKwU cvÎ) †eu‡a †`Iqvi wbqg Av‡Q , GUvI weev‡ni ci Ly‡j ‡djv nq|

(6)  evwiqvZ& (eihvÎx- e‡ii AvMgb, Ae¯’vb Ges cvbvnvi)

mvuIZvj‡`i weev‡ni AviI KwZcq Abyôvb; h_v- e‡ii AvMgb, Ae¯’vb Ges LvIqv-`vIqvi †¶‡ÎI mgv‡Ri wek¦vm I ms¯‹v‡ii cwiPq cwijw¶Z nq | †hgb- eic¶ mivmwi weev‡ni w`b K‡bi evox‡Z  DV‡Z cv‡i bv| Zviv G‡m cÖ_‡g K‡bc‡¶i evoxi mwbœK‡U †Kv‡bv e„¶Zjvq Avkªq †bq| AZ:ci †mLv‡b Zv‡`i m‡½ Avbv ivbœvi mvgMÖx w`‡q ivbœv ˆZix K‡i Ges †mB Lvevi †L‡q K‡bc‡¶i †jvKRb‡`i Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _v‡K| K‡bc¶ we‡qi Avbylw½K mKj cÖKvi Av‡qvRb m¤úbœ K‡i eihvÎx‡`i eiY K‡i †bq Ges Zv‡`i M„‡n AvMg‡bi Rb¨ Avgš¿Y Rvbvq| Aciw`‡K K‡bc‡¶i wbgwš¿Z AvZœx‡qiv wbgš¿‡Y Avmevi mgq cÖ‡Z¨‡K GK nvuwo K‡i cPvwb wb‡q Av‡m, Avi GB cPvwb w`‡qB K‡bc¶ AvMZ ei c¶‡K we‡klfv‡e  Avc¨vwqZ K‡i| D‡j­L¨ †h, eic‡¶i †Kvb †jvK K‡bc‡¶i wbgš¿‡Yi c~‡e© hw` K‡bi evoxi gv‡Êvqv‡Z Dcw¯’Z nq Z‡e Zv‡K WvÊg (mvgvwRK AvB‡bi kvw¯— wnmv‡e A_© Rwigvbv) Kiv nq| wKš‘ Lªxwóq weev‡n eicÿ eihvÎx wnmv‡e K‡bc‡ÿi evox‡Z Dcw¯’Z n‡j ci K‡bc‡ÿi m`m¨MY mv‡_ mv‡_ eicÿ‡K ¯^vMZg Rvbv‡bv nq Ges Zv‡`i‡K cvbvnvi cwi‡ekb Kiv nq| †Kvb †Kvb GjvKvq eicÿ‡K eiY I ¯^vMZg Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ K‡bcÿ‡K A‡cÿv Ki‡ZI †`Lv wM‡q‡Q| Z‡e eihvÎxi †h cÖ_v †mUv i‡q †M‡Q| ei‡K K‡bi gv‡Êvqv‡Z wb‡q Avmvi c~‡e© K‡bi evox‡ZI `vevc&jv AbyôvBU cvjb Kiv n‡q _v‡K |

(7) eic¶‡K weevn gʇc Avgš¿Y

we‡qi c~‡e© ei-K‡b‡K ‡Zj-njy` †g‡L mœvb Kiv‡bv| GB Abyôvb †kl n‡j K‡bc¶ †_‡K K‡bi fMœx, ¯’vbxqv †g‡qiv wM‡q eic¶‡K weevn-gʇc AvMg‡bi Avgš¿Y Rvbvq| eic‡¶i m‡½ K‡bc‡¶i †jvKR‡bi ZLb i½-iwmKZv, Zvgvmvg~jK evK&-weZÊv Pj‡Z _v‡K| †hgb- eic¶ e‡j, ÒAvgiv cv‡q †nu‡U hv‡ev bv, †Nvovq P‡o hv‡ev|Ó Aciw`‡K K‡bc¶I Dˇi e‡j, Ô‡Kv_vq cv‡ev †Nvov, Zvi †P‡q AvgivB †Nvov nB, Avgv‡`i‡K evnb K‡iB P‡jv| GBfv‡e nvwm-Zvgvmvi ga¨ w`‡q eic¶‡K weevn-gʇc wb‡q Avmv nq | AZ:ci ei K‡bc‡¶i evox‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡j K‡bc‡¶i igYxMY ei‡K mœvb Kwi‡q njy` i‡½i e¯¿ cwi‡q †`q| GB mgq e‡ii fwMœcwZ ev †mB ai‡bi m¤ú‡K©i †Kvb e¨w³ ei‡K Zvi Kvu‡ai Ici DwV‡q †bq| Acic‡¶ K‡bi Kwbô åvZv†K Zvi dzcv Kvu‡a DwV‡q wb‡q e‡ii mvgbv mvgwb Dcw¯’Z nq| Df‡qi gy‡Li wfZi wKš‘ ZLb AvZc PvD‡ji ¸‡ov _v‡K| ei AZ:ci K‡bi åvZvi gv_vq njy` gvLv‡bv MvgQv A_ev cvuP nvZ j¤^v aywZ cvMoxi gZ K‡i †eu‡a †`q| Zvici gy‡Li AvZc PvDj ei Ges K‡bi åvZv ci¯ú‡ii gy‡Li w`‡K wcPwKix †g‡i †`q| ei Zvi ney k¨vj‡Ki gv_vq cvMox †eu‡a †`Iqvi mgq †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i| Zvi k¨vjK †hb Zv‡K wcPwKix gvi‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ Zvi gyLgÊj cvMoxi Svji w`‡q †X‡K ivLv †Póv K‡i Ges euvavi duv‡K duv‡K ei Kvco mwi‡q AvPgKv wcPwKix gv‡i| wKš‘ K‡bi fvB Zv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv ZvQvov †mai‡bi ixwZ-bxwZI †bB| GB AbyôvbwU K‡bi Kwbô åvZvi cÖwZ †mœn-fvjevmvi wb`©kb ¯^iƒc m¤úbœ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ Lªxwóq weev‡n G ai‡bi Abyôvb Kiv bv n‡jI D³ aviYvwU i‡q †M‡Q| G ch©v‡q ei I K‡b‡K †Zj-njy` †g‡L mœvb Kiv‡bvi c‡i Zv‡`i Rb¨ cyYwg©jb ms¯‹v‡ii ev cvc¯^xKv‡ii e¨e¯’v Kiv nq| Gici weevn KvRwU m¤úbœ nq|

(8) weevn Abyôvb

Gici eic‡¶i mvZ ev bq Rb cyi~l M„‡ni Af¨š—‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| GLv‡b Dfq c‡¶i g‡a¨ nvwm-Zvgvmv P‡j| wKQy mgq nvwm-Zvgvmvi ci e‡ii †R¨ôåvZv A_ev Z`¯’vbxq †Kvb e¨w³ K‡b‡K `vDov (evu‡ki ˆZix Szwo) g‡a¨ ewm‡q †`q, AZ:ci mvZRb cyi~l †mwU Kvu‡a K‡i weevn-gÛ‡c cÖ‡ek K‡i| Aciw`‡K e‡ii fwMœcwZ A_ev `yjvfvB m¤ú‡K©i †Kvb e¨w³ ei‡K Kvu‡a K‡i weevn- gÛ‡c Av‡m| AZ:ci K‡bi wcZv N‡U ivLv cvwb e‡ii g¯—‡K wQwU‡q w`‡q ei‡K Avkxev©` K‡i| Gici ei Wvb nv‡Zi KbyB Av½yj w`‡q K‡bi wmuw_‡Z ci ci wZbevi wmu`yi cwi‡q †`q, ‡k‡l wmu`y‡ii cvZvwU Zvi wcZvi nv‡Z wdwi‡q †`q| GB Abyôv‡bi ci ei Zvi beea~‡K †Kv‡j K‡i `vDov †_‡K gvwU‡Z bvgvq| GB mgq ei-ea~i Kvc‡oi AvuPj †eu‡a †`qv nq| Zviv Df‡q ZLb mg‡eZ ¸i“Rb‡`i cÖYvg Rvbvq | Gfv‡e gš¿, cy‡ivwnZ, Ges evK-`v‡bi ixwZbxwZ QvovB  weev‡ni g~j Abyôvb m¤úbœ n‡q hvq|

(9)  eihvÎxi cÖZ¨veZ©b 

mvuIZvj‡`i weev‡ni cieZx© Abyôv¸‡jvI ˆewkó¨gwÛZ| †hgb-ei ¯^M„‡n cÖZ¨veZ©©©©©©©bKv‡j ea~ c‡¶i A‡bK †g‡q-cyi“lI eihvÎx‡`i ms‡M Av‡m| Zviv cÖ_‡gB e‡ii wcÎvj‡q I‡Vbv; I‡V MÖvg¨cÖavb ev gvwS-nvov‡gi evox‡Z| GLv‡bB Zv‡`i LvIqv-`vIqvi cvjv †kl nq| AZ:ci ei-ea~ MÖv‡gi cÖwZwU evox‡ZB hvq, cÖ‡Z¨K evoxi †jv‡KivB ei-ea~‡K wgóvbœ w`‡q Avc¨vwqZ K‡i| AZ:ci ei-ea~ e‡ii wcÎvj‡q cÖ‡ek Ki‡j e‡ii Kwbô †evb A_ev Z`¯úwK©Z †Kvb †g‡q ea~i cv ayB‡q †`q Avi ei‡K Zvi åvZ…ea~ A_ev Z`¯úwK©Z †Kvb †g‡q cv ayB‡q cvwU‡Z emvq| GLv‡b e‡ii gv Ges Nwbó AvZœxqMY G‡K G‡K ei-ea~‡K wgóvbœ w`‡q Avkx©©ev` Rvbvq, G ci mœvb-ce©, M„‡n cÖ‡ek BZ¨vw` c‡e©I b„Z¨-MxZ I nvwm-Zvgvmvq Dfq c‡¶i igYxKyj M„nv½b‡K gyLwiZ K‡i †Zv‡j|

(10)we‡qi ci `¤úwËi m¤úK© cvKv‡cv³

we‡qi ci be `¤úwZi m¤úK© cvKv‡cv³ Kivi Rb¨ †h-me AvPvi Abyôvb cvjb Kiv nq Zb¥‡a¨ mvuIZvj‡`i beeayi mœvb ixwZ Ges e‡ii Zxi-abyK †Quvov †ek | we‡qi ci K‡b k¦ïi evox‡Z hvIqvi Av‡M K‡b cvk¦eZx© †Kvb b`x ev cyKz‡i mœvb Ki‡Z hvq| wVK Zvi †cQ‡b †cQ‡b Zxi abyK mn eiI hvq| beeay mœvb †m‡i Kjmx fwZ© cvwb gv_vq wb‡q N‡i †divi c‡_ ei Zvi beea~i`yB Kvu‡a Avj‡Zvfv‡e fi K‡i mvg‡bi w`‡K Zxi Qz‡o| AZ:ci `yÕRb nvuU‡Z nvuU‡Z Zx‡ii Kv‡Q Avm‡ZB K‡b †mB Zxi cv‡qi AvOyj w`‡q Zz‡j ¯^vgxi nv‡Z Ac©Y Ki‡e| GB wbq‡gi g‡a¨ `y‡Uv aviv wµqvkxj| cÖ_gZ: Zxi †Quvovi ga¨ w`‡h Ac‡`eZvi ‡PvL Kvbv K‡i †`Iqv n‡jv| wØZxqZ: gv_vq Kjmx fiv Rj, nvZ w`‡q Kjmx a‡i ivLv Ges cv w`‡q ¯^vgx‡K Zxi Zz‡j ‡`Iqvi ga¨ w`‡q beeay Zvi ¯^vgx‡K nv‡Z-cv‡q Ges gv_vi mvnv‡h¨ AvRxeb msmvi ag© cvj‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e|

(11) weevn we‡”Q`

mvuIZvj mgv‡Ri GKUv cÖksmbxq w`K n‡jv †h, mvuIZvj mgv‡R weevn we‡”Q` Lye Kg †`Lv hvq| Z‡e wZbUv we‡kl Kvi‡Y mgvR weevn we‡”Q` ¯^xK…wZ †`q, h_vt- K) e¨wfPvi, L) WvBbx m‡›`‡n, M) eÜvZ¡| ZvQvov GKRb e¨w³ Zvi ¯¿x‡K AwgZe¨qxZv , m¤úwË aesmKiY, ¯’vqx Amy¯’Zv, AjmZv cÖf„wZ Kvi‡Y Z¨vM Ki‡Z cv‡i Aciw`‡K GKRb ¯¿xI Zvi ¯^gxi mv‡_ weevn we‡”Q` Ki‡Z cv‡i hw` Zvi ¯^vgx Zvi (¯¿xi) gZvgZ QvovB wØZxqevi weevn K‡i Ges ¯¿x‡K hw` fib‡cvlY I Avbylw½K AZ¨vek¨Kxq `ªe¨vw` mieivn Ki‡Z Aÿg ev AcviM nq| Akvwš—i Kvi‡Y ¯^vgx ev ¯¿x hw` weevn we‡”Q` `vex K‡i Z‡e †h e¨w³‡K †`vlx wnmv‡e MY¨ Kiv nq Zv‡K Rwigvbv (WvÊg) w`‡Z nq| cÖ_vbyhvqx ÒmvKvgI‡irÓ A_v©r (cvZv †Quovi Abyôvb) ga¨ w`‡q MÖv‡gi  gvZeŸi (gvbwS nvovg) Zv‡`i weevn we‡”Q` K‡ib| ¯^vgxi mv‡_ ¯¿xi weevn we‡”Q` n‡j †mB gwnjv‡K muvIZvjx fvlvq ÒQvWDBÓ (cwiZ¨³v) e‡j| eva¨ n‡q Zv‡K ¯^vgxi Ni-msmvi Z¨vM Ki‡Z nq wKš‘ cÖ_v Abyhvqx hvIqvi mgq Zvi mv‡_ †Kvb mšÍvbvw` wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i bv|

(N) †h mg¯Í welq¸‡jv Lªxwóq weev‡n ms¯‹…Z¨vqb wnmv‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq

gÊjxi wkÿv Abymv‡i Lªxóvb muvIZvjiv weevn‡K GKwU cweÎ ms¯‹vi wnmv‡eB MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| muvIZvj‡`i weev‡ni aiY I c×wZ wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii n‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ Zviv Zv‡`i HwZn¨¸‡jv g‡b-cÖv‡Y a‡i ivLvi ‡Póv K‡i; Zv‡`i GB ms¯‹…wZ, cÖ_v, GwZn¨¸‡jv wejyß n‡q hvK Zv Zviv Pvq bv| ZvB muvIZvj‡`i weevn c×wZ I ixwZ-bxwZ †hgbB †nvK bv †Kb Lªxóvb muvIZvjiv Zv‡`i HwZn¨, ms¯‹…wZ, ixwZ-bxwZ a‡i ivLvi cÖqv‡m weev‡ni Av‡M cy‡ivwnZ‡`i mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zuvi civgk© Abymv‡i KvR Ki‡Z mva¨g‡Zv †Póv K‡i Ges cy‡ivwnZMYI G e¨vcv‡i BwZevPK mvov w`‡q _v‡Kb| muvIZvj K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ‡Z ‡hmg¯Í weev‡ni aiY I c×wZ¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv †m¸‡jvi AvPvi-Abyôvb, cÖ_v I ixwZ bxwZ ïay †h ALªxóvb muvIZvj AwaevmxivB AbymiY I cvjb K‡i K‡i Avm‡Q Zv bq; eis †m¸‡jvi AwaKvsk aiY wKsev wewfbœ w`Kmg~n Lªxwóq weev‡n AbycÖ‡ek N‡U‡Q| GKUz fvj K‡i jÿ¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h, ALªxóvb muvIZvj Avw`evmx‡`i †mme K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi A‡bK welq¸‡jv muvIZvj Avw`evmx‡`i Lªxwóq weev‡ni g‡a¨ Pjgvb Av‡Q| Z‡e ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z nq †h †ewkifvM ixwZ-bxwZ I cÖ_v-Abyôvb welq¸‡jv Lªxwóq weev‡n P‡j Avm‡jI A‡bK¸‡jv welq Lªxwóq weev‡n wb‡q Avmvi Rb¨ ms¯‹…Ëvqb m¤¢e n‡q I‡Vwb| ZvB muvIZvj Avw`evmx‡`i †hmg¯Í ¸‡jv Lªxwóq weev‡n e¨envi Kiv hvq †m¸‡jvi mswÿß cwiPq Zz‡j aiv n‡jv|

(1)  gv‡Ûvq LybwU

weev‡ni KvR m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ ei-K‡bi evox‡Z gv‡Ûvqv (Avw½bvq jZv-cvZv w`‡q ‰Zix QvDbx) ˆZix Kiv nq Ges L‡oi AuvwU w`‡q gvby‡li cªwZg~wZ© ˆZix K‡i j¤^v euv‡ki AvMvq †eu‡a w`‡q euvkwU gv‡Ûvqvi gvSLv‡b cyu‡Z †`Iqv nq| wKš‘ Lªxwóq weev‡n †mai‡bi cÖwZg~wZ©i e¨envi nq bv| gv‡Ûvqv ˆZix K‡i mewKQz wVK †i‡L ms¯‹…Z¨vqb wnmv‡e j¤^v euv‡ki AvMvq GKwU µzk †eu‡a †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i; A‡bK RvqMvq GUv jÿ¨bxq n‡q‡Q| aviYv Kiv nq †h D³ weevn AbyôvbwU hxïi µz‡ki Zjvq m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q|

(2)  gvivs eyiæ

muvIZvj Avw`evmxiv gvivs eyiæ †`eZvi cÖwZ AZ¨šÍ fw³ cÖ`k©b K‡i _v‡K Ges Zv‡K cyRv ˆb‡e`¨ w`‡q Zv‡K mš‘ó ivLvi AvcÖvY cÖqvm iv‡L| Zviv gvivs eyiæ‡K cyRv-AP©bv Kivi Rb¨ gvbwS _v‡b (cyRv DrmM© Kivi †e`x) wZbwU kvj Mv‡Qi Wvj cyu‡Z cyRv w`‡q _v‡K| KviY kvj MvQ `xN©Rxwe e„ÿ Ges muvIZvj‡`i wek¦vm Abyhvqx Zv‡`i gvivs eyiæ †`eZvI Agi| wKš‘ Lªxóvb muvIZvjiv gvivs eyiæ‡K cyRvÑAP©bv K‡i bv eis ag©cjøxi MxR©vq wM‡q cweÎ Lªxóhv‡M GKgvÎ †`eZv (GKgvÎ gvivs eyiæ) me©kw³gvb wcZv ci‡gk¦i‡K wb‡Ri mg¯Í ¯^Ëv w`‡q cyRv-AP©bv K‡i _v‡K| wZbwU kvj Mv‡Qi Wvj¸‡jv‡K ‡`kxqKiY wnmv‡e wcZv, cyÎ I cweÎ AvZ¥v Z_v wÎË¡ ci‡gk¦‡ii cyRv-ˆb‡e`¨ DrmM© Kivi ga¨ w`‡q GKgvÎ gvivs eyiæ‡K (Ck¦i) cyRv K‡i _v‡K|

(3) Rv‡ni †ev½v

we‡qi mgq RM gvbwS (gvbwS nvov‡gi †m‡µUvix) e‡ii Mªv‡gi Rv‡ni †ev½v (evoxi Av‡kcv‡k wePiYiZ R½jx ‡`eZv) Ges cwiev‡ii c~e© cyiæl‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ cyRv ˆb‡e`¨ wnmv‡e GKwU QvMj Qvbv wKsev GKwU ï‡qvi ev”Pv w`‡q _v‡K| Gi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv be`¤úwË †hb mKj cÖKvi wec`-Avc` †_‡K iÿv cvq|

wKš‘ Lªxwóq weev‡n GKgvÎ Ck¦i‡KB cyRv †b‡e`¨ †`Iqv n‡q _v‡K; ZvB Lªxóvb muvIZvj‡`i a¨vb aviYvq Rv‡ni †ev½v‡K ˆb‡e`¨ w`‡Z n‡e †Kb? wKš‘ A‡bK Lªxóvb muvIZvj ms¯‹…Z¨vqb wnmv‡e Zv‡`i `ªe¨mvgMÖx (Pvj, Wvj, kl¨, UvKv-cqmv BZ¨vw`) mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx Lªxóhv‡Mi Drm‡M©i mg‡q Ck¦‡ii gwngv‡_© cyRvщb‡e`¨ DrmM© Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ges Dcvmbv‡ZB ci‡jvKMZ AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡`i Rb¨ g½j Kvgbv K‡i cÖv_©bv K‡i we‡klfv‡e hviv ga¨ ¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q|

(4)  gvbwS _vb (cyRv ˆb‡e`¨ DrmM© Kivi ‡e`x)

eihvÎx wnmv‡e iIbv †`Iqvi Av‡M ei Zvi evev-gvi mv‡_ GK cvÎ nvwoqv wb‡q gvbwS _vb Gi m¤§y‡L nvwRi nb| wKQz nvwoqv gvbwS _v‡b †X‡j w`‡q e‡ii Ges eihvÎvi g½j Kvgbv Kiv nq| wKš‘ muvIZvj Lªxwóq weev‡n ei gvbwS _v‡b bv wM‡q ag©cjøxi MxR©vq †h‡Z cv‡i| †mLv‡b cy‡ivwn‡Zi ev Kv‡ULxó gvóv‡ii cÖv_©bv Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g e‡ii Rb¨ g½j Kvgbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges ei-K‡bi cÿ †_‡K Dcnvi wnmv‡e wKQz UvKv wKsev mva¨vbymv‡i Ab¨vb¨ `ªe¨mvgMÖx K…ZÁZv ¯^iƒc cy‡ivwnZ‡K ‡`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i|

(5) †T‡cj (Rbm¤§y‡L G‡K Ab¨‡K †`Lv-†`wL)

GKRb hyeK I hyeZx weevn e܇b Ave× nIqvi cÖ_g Abyôvb n‡jv †T‡cj ev †`Lv-†`wL| GB Abyôv‡bi Rb¨ Dfq c‡ÿi wcZv-gvZv I AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡biv nv‡U-evRv‡i, †gjvq wKsev †Lvjv gv‡V A_©vr Rbm¤§y‡L Dcw¯’Z nq| GLv‡bB Dfq c‡ÿi g‡a¨ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g cQ›`-AcQ›` I m¤§wZ-Am¤§wZ cÖKvk Kiv nq| ALªxóvb muvIZvj mgv‡Ri g‡Zv Lªxwóq mgv‡RI †`Lv‡`wLi gva¨‡g ei-K‡b wbe©vPb Kiv nq| iÿYkxj A‡bK cwiev‡iB ei-K‡bi AwffveK‡`i Øviv GB wbe©vPb n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e AvaywbK gb-gvbwmKZvq I wkÿv-`xÿvq wkwÿZ-`xwÿZ cwiev‡i ei-K‡b wb‡RivB wb‡R‡`i Rxeb m½/mw½bx‡`i †e‡Q ‡bq| Avevi NU‡Ki gva¨‡gI ei-K‡b web©vP‡bi KvR m¤úbœ nq| wKš‘ Lªxwóq weev‡n †`Lv-†`wL AbyôvbwUi mewKQz wVK ‡i‡L Dchy³ GKUv ¯’vb wba©viY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| MÖv‡gi evB‡i bv K‡i ag©cjøx‡Z wKsev mgv‡R iæwPkxj cwi‡e‡k cÖv_©bv Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g ïiæ K‡i †`Lv-†`wL AbyôvbwU m¤úbœ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

(6)  Rvgvq †Kvov Dj& Zj& (e‡ii evû‡Z AvgcvZv cyuUwj †eu‡a †`Iqv)

eihvÎx hvIqvi Av‡M RM gvbwS (gvbwS nvov‡gi †m‡µUvix) wKQz AvZc Pvj, `yeŸv Nvm Ges  njy` GK‡Î wb‡q wZbwU Avg cvZvi g‡a¨ †eu‡a cyuUwj evwb‡q e‡ii Wvb evû‡Z †eu‡a †`b| Zv‡`i wek¦vm †h GB hvÎvKv‡j ei mKj cÖKvi Ag½j I wec`-Avc` †_‡K iÿv cv‡e| wKš‘ Lªxwóq weev‡n †m¸‡jv bv †eu‡a nv‡Z †ivRvix gvjv, Mjvq µzk †bIqv hvq; Ges wZbwU Avg cvZv¸‡jv‡K ms¯‹…Z¨vqb wnmv‡e wcZv, cyÎ I cweÎ AvZ¥vi bv‡g eihvÎv ïiæ Kiv hvq|

(7) `vDov (eo ai‡bi Szwo)

eicÿ †_‡K cuvP †_‡K mvZ Rb hyeK, njy` gvLv‡bv kvwo‡Z mymw¾Z K‡b‡K GB `vDov‡Z ewm‡q Ni †_‡K evB‡i gv‡Ûvqvi wb‡P wb‡q Av‡m| K‡b‡K D‡ËvwjZ Ae¯’vq ivLv nq Ges Gmgq ei Zvi fwMœcwZi Nv‡o D‡V K‡bi wmuw_‡Z wm`yi cwi‡q †`q; weevn KvR m¤úbœ n‡q hvq| wKš‘ Lªxwóq weev‡n †mfv‡e bv K‡i ei-K‡b ag©cjøxi MxR©vi wM‡q cy‡ivwnZ I Lªxóf³‡`i‡K mvÿx †i‡L Zv‡`i we‡qi m¤§wZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i| HwZn¨ Abymv‡i `vDovwU †e`xi cv‡k †i‡L cy‡ivwnZ †mUv‡K Avkx©ev` K‡i †mLv‡b K‡b‡K ewm‡q Zvi wmuw_‡Z ei wmu`yi cwi‡q w`‡Z cv‡i|

(8) weevn Abyôvb

Gici eic‡¶i mvZ ev bq Rb cyi~l M„‡ni Af¨š—‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| GLv‡b Dfq c‡¶i g‡a¨ nvwm-Zvgvmv P‡j| wKQy mgq nvwm-Zvgvmvi ci e‡ii †R¨ôåvZv A_ev Z`¯’vbxq †Kvb e¨w³ K‡b‡K `vDov (evu‡ki ˆZix Szwo) g‡a¨ ewm‡q †`q, AZ:ci mvZRb cyi~l †mwU Kvu‡a K‡i weevn-gÛ‡c cÖ‡ek K‡i| Aciw`‡K e‡ii fwMœcwZ A_ev `yjvfvB m¤ú‡K©i †Kvb e¨w³ ei‡K Kvu‡a K‡i weevn- gÛ‡c Av‡m| AZ:ci K‡bi wcZv N‡U ivLv cvwb e‡ii g¯—‡K wQwU‡q w`‡q ei‡K Avkxev©` K‡i| Gici ei Wvb nv‡Zi KbyB Av½yj w`‡q K‡bi wmuw_‡Z ci ci wZbevi wmu`yi cwi‡q †`q, ‡k‡l wmu`y‡ii cvZvwU Zvi wcZvi nv‡Z wdwi‡q †`q| GB Abyôv‡bi ci ei Zvi beea~‡K †Kv‡j K‡i `vDov †_‡K gvwU‡Z bvgvq| GB mgq ei-ea~i Kvc‡oi AvuPj †eu‡a †`qv nq| Zviv Df‡q ZLb mg‡eZ ¸i“Rb‡`i cÖYvg Rvbvq | Gfv‡e gš¿, cy‡ivwnZ, Ges evK-`v‡bi ixwZbxwZ QvovB weev‡ni g~j Abyôvb m¤úbœ n‡q hvq| muvIZvj Lªxwóq weev‡n GBfv‡e we‡q m¤úbœ nqbv eis cvc¯^xKv‡ii c‡i mivmwi LªxóhvM Drm‡M©i mgq hvR‡Ki Dc‡`‡ki c‡i weevn KvRwU m¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K (w`bvRcyi, gvixqvgcyi, avbRywo GjvKvi wfwˇZ)|

(9)  wmu`y‡ii e¨envi

ALªxóvb muvIZvj‡`i weev‡n wmu`yi cÖ`vbB n‡jv cÖavb Abyôvb| Zv‡`i ixwZ-bxwZ I wek¦v‡mi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K wePvi K‡i ejv hvq †h wmu`yi Qvov weevnB m¤úbœ n‡Zv bv| Zv‡`i cÖ_v I wek¦vm Abyhvqx wmu`y‡ii ¸iæZ¡ GZB cÖej wQj †h, †Kvb †g‡qi wmuw_‡Z GKevi wmu`yi †jcb n‡q †M‡j Zv gy‡Q †djv Amva¨ wQj| ZvB `xwÿZ nIqvi ci Lªxóvb muvIZvjiv GB wmu`yi †`Iqvi cÖ_v‡K Ô†eØxb cÖ_vÕ wnmv‡e MY¨ K‡i cwiZ¨vM K‡iwQj| wKš‘ eZ©gvb Dcvmbvq †`kxqKi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q weev‡ni mgq Lªxóvb muvIZvjMY hvRK KZ…©K Avk©xevw`Z wmu`yi e¨envi Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| KviY wmu`yi n‡jv cweÎ I mwZ‡Ë¡i cÖZxK; ZvQvov wmu`yi †hŠb wP‡ýi cÖZxK wnmv‡eI Kw_Z Av‡Q| ‡Kvb hyeZxi wmuw_‡Z wmu`yi cwijwÿZ n‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB ey‡S wb‡Z n‡e †h †mB †g‡q Kv‡ivi weevwnZv ¯¿x Ges Zv‡`i weevnwU wbqggvwdK I mvgvwRKfv‡e AbywôZ n‡q‡Q, mvgvwRK ¯^xK…wZ i‡q‡Q| hyeK-hyeZxmn msL¨vMwiô muvIZvj GUv mv`‡i MÖnY K‡i‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq †h Lªxwóq weev‡n c~Y©fv‡e wmu`yi e¨envi Kiv hvq|

(10)   njy‡`i e¨envi

njy` n‡jv cweÎZvi cÖZxK| cÖvPxb fvi‡Z cÖmvab PP©vq igbxiv njy` Mv‡q †g‡L Zv‡`i †`‡ni D¾¡jZv I gm„YZv iÿv KiZ| ZLb †_‡K njy` GKwU we‡kl cÖmvab wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q Avm‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K ZiKvix‡K my¯^v`y K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ njy` Acwinvh©fv‡e e¨envi n‡q Avm‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq †h, njy` n‡”Q GKvav‡i cÖmvab I cweÎZvi mvgMÖx| Mv‡q njy` gvLv‡bvi gva¨‡g ïwPZvi wPý cÖKvk Kiv nq| njy` †hgb ZiKvix my¯^v`y Ges iƒwP e„wׇZ mvnvh¨ K‡i †Zgwb njy` kvixwiK †mŠ›`h© e„w× K‡i _v‡K| Mv‡q njy` fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi we‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K| wewfbœ mgv‡R Ges GjvKvwfwˇZ GB AbyôvbwU GKwU Acwinvh© Abyôvb †hLv‡b my›`i I Mfxi Zvrch© i‡q‡Q| muvIZvj weev‡nI Gi ¸iæZ¡ I Zvrch© Acwimxg| Lªxwóq weevnB †nvK wKsev ALªxóvb muvIZvj weevnB †nvK mKj weev‡nB njy‡`i e¨envi i‡q‡Q Ges fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Z_v evOvjx K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi g‡ZvB Mv‡q njy‡`i e¨envi ïwPZv I cweÎZvi cÖZxK wnmv‡e e¨envi Kiv nq|

(11)    avb I `yeŸv Nv‡mi e¨envi

weevn Abyôv‡b Kz‡jvi g‡a¨ avb `yeŸv, Nvm I wmu`yi mvwR‡q ei I K‡b‡K eiY Kivi ixwZ evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk Avw`g mgv‡RB i‡q‡Q| mvuIZvj Avw`evmx mgv‡Ri g‡a¨I GUv e¨wZµg bq Ges AwZ Avewk¨K ixwZ-bxwZ| GB ixwZi Aš—iv‡j wek¦vm GB †h, fvex `¤úwZi fwel¨r Rxeb a‡b-av‡b¨ I Hk¦‡h© cwic~Y© _vK‡e, Zv‡`i Rxeb `xN©‡gqv`x n‡e| avb n‡jv ab-m¤ú‡`i cÖZxK; be`¤úwËi mvsmvwiK Rxeb †hb ab-m¤ú‡` f‡i I‡V †mRb¨ muvIZvj weev‡ni mgq avb ev AvZc Pvj e¨envi Kivi ixwZ cÖPjb †`Lv hvq Ab¨w`‡K `yeŸv Nvm n‡jv wPi mRxeZvi cÖZxK, Dc‡o †dj‡jI mn‡R gviv hvq bv| ei-K‡bi Rxeb †hb AvRxeb mRxeZvq cwic~Y© _v‡K ZvB ei-K‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨B muvIZvj weev‡n GB `yeŸv Nvm e¨envi n‡q _v‡K Ges weev‡ni mgqB Zv n‡q _v‡K| KviY Gmg‡q AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb mK‡jB ei-K‡b‡K Avk©xev` Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ weevn Abyôv‡b wbgwš¿Z nq Ges wMwW wPgvo (`vb ev Dcnvi mvgMªx cÖ`vb Kiv) Kivi mg‡q †Kvb Dc‡XŠKb †`Iqvi Av‡M cvkvcvwk e‡m _vKv ei-K‡bi Dci avb, AvZc Pvj I `yeŸv Nvm wZbevi wQwU‡q †`Iqvi ci Dcnvi mvgMÖx cÖ`vb K‡i|

(O) Dcmsnvi

evsjv‡`k gÊjx wewfbœ fvlv-†Mvôxi ms¯‹…wZ I HwZ‡n¨i m¤^š^‡q mg„×| Dcvmbvq ˆewP‡Îi g‡a¨ GKZv| wewfbœ Avw`evmxi wewPÎ ms¯‹…wZi m¤^š^‡q ‰ewPÎgq evsjv‡`k gÛjx| KviY wewPÎ K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ¸‡jv‡K Lªxwóq Dcvmbvq †`kxqKi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q  Lªxóf³M‡Yi g‡a¨ GKZv, Lªxwóq ‡cÖg I mnfvwMZv cÖksmbxqfv‡e e„w× †c‡q‡Q| wKQy wKQy ixwZ-bxwZ Ges wek¦vm Kzms¯‹vi iƒ‡c cwiMwYZ n‡jI GL‡bv A‡bK ixwZ-bxwZ, wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva LyeB Zvrch©c~Y©© hv muvIZvj Avw`evmx‡`i ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ wbweofv‡e mv`„k¨c~Y© | Z‡e eZ©gvb ev¯ÍeZvq mvuIZvjMY Lªxóag© MÖnY Kivi d‡j Zv‡`i mvgvwRK HwZn¨, K…wó, ms¯‹…wZ Ges ixwZ-bxwZi A‡bK wKQyB nvwi‡q hv‡”Q| Lªxwóq g~j¨‡eva I wek¦vm gvby‡li ü`‡q I g‡b Avg~j cwieZ©b G‡b w`‡”Q| weavq muvIZvj Avw`evmx‡`i HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZ¸‡jv Lªxóvb muvIZvjMY g‡bi g‡a¨ wb‡q Av‡m bv ev AbymiY K‡i bv| wKš‘ Lªxó ag© MªnY Kivi A_© wbR¯^ ¯^KxqZv Z¨vM Kiv bq| eZ©gvb wek¦ gÛjx‡Z hLb ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi †Rvi Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Q ZLb mvuIZvj ms¯‹…wZi my›`i I cÖksmbxq g~j¨‡eva¸‡jv I Zv‡`i ¯^KxqZv evuwP‡q ivLv I my›`ifv‡e dzwU‡q †Zvjv ‡KejgvÎ Lªxóvb muvIZvj Avw`evmx‡`iB `vwqZ¡ I m‡PZbZv bq eis ms¯‹…Zgbv gvbyl wnmv‡e mK‡jiB `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨\

K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvi

1| cÖZxwZ (15k el©) ÒmvuIZvj mvs¯‹…wZ‡Z weevnÓ j‡iÝ b‡ik `vm wm, Gm, wm, 1993|

2| Wt gynv¤§` Ave`yj Rwjj Òevsjv‡`‡ki mvuIZvj mgvR I ms¯‹…wZÓ XvKv, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1991 |

3| Ave`ym&  mvËvi, ÒAvw`evmx ms¯‹…wZ I mvwnZ¨Ó XvKv, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1978 |

4| cÖ`xcb, Òevsjv‡`‡k mvuIZvj Lªxóvb cwieviÓ, dv: †Rf©vm †ivRvixI, 1980|

5| `xß mvÿ¨ (18k el©), ÒmuvIZvj HwZn¨ I K…wóÓ, B‡MœwkDm †n¤^ªg, RvZxq D”P †mwgbvix, ebvbx, XvKv, 1992|

6| mvÿvrKvi: dv`vi m„Rb wPbœvcvb, Aa¨vcK, cweÎ AvZ¥v D”P †mwgbvix, ebvbx, XvKv,

7| Reserch Paper, “Christian Inculturation of the Santal Marriage”, Prodip Alfred Marandy, Banani, Dhaka-1213.

8| CROTTY, Philip, S.J.; Santal Rites and Feasts as Practised by some Catholics, Catholic Press, Ranchi, Bihar, 1983.