সংস্কৃতায়নের জন্য ঐতিহাসিক, ঐশতাত্বিক ও পালকীয় দিকসমূহ
# ms¯‹„Z¨vq‡bi Rb¨ HwZnvwmK, HkZvwË¡K I cvjKxq w`Kmg~‡ni
¸i“Z¡mg~n wek`fv‡e Av‡jvPbv Ki|
fywgKv: Ck¦i
B¤§vby‡qj| wZwb gvbe cÖK…wZ, ˆewkó¨ I PwiÎ aviY Ki‡jb hv‡Z gvbyl Zv‡K wPb‡Z cv‡i,
Rvb‡Z cv‡i I MÖnb Ki‡Z cv‡i| ÔÔAvw`‡Z wQ‡jb evYx; evYx wQ‡jb Ck¦‡ii m‡½, evYx
wQ‡jb Ck¦i| Avw`‡Z wZwb Ck¦‡ii m‡½B wQ‡jb| ...evYx GKw`b n‡jb i³gvs‡mi gvbyl;
evm Ki‡Z jvM‡jb Avgv‡`iB gvSLv‡bÕÕ( †hvnb 1: 1-2; 14K)| hxï Lªx‡ói ‡`n aviY
gvbe ms¯‹…wZi g‡a¨ ¯^qs Ck¦‡ii AvMgb| c„w_exi †h‡Kvb gvbylB †Kvb GKwU wb©w`ó
K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ, Av_©-mvgvwRK, ag©xq, ivR‰bwZK cwigÛ‡ji m`m¨| Lªxó gvbe †`n aviY
K‡i Bmªv‡qj RvwZi K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ, Av_©-mvgvwRK, ag©xq, ivR‰bwZK cwigÛ‡ji m`m¨
n‡q‡Qb| ZvB GB †`n aviY‡K Ck¦‡ii gvbe ms¯‹„wZ‡Z cÖ‡ek ejv hvq| Lªxó wek¦vm PP©v
I we¯—v‡ii †¶‡Î ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi we‡kl ¸i“Z¡ i‡q‡Q| Lªxó gÛjx‡Z ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi Rb¨
HwZnvwmK, HkZvwË¡K I cvjKxq w`Kmg~‡ni ¸i“Z¡ I cÖfve e¨vcK|
Lªxóag© I ms¯‹…Z¨vqb
Lªxóag©
GKwU cÖPviag©x ag©| Lªxóf³MY wewfbœKv‡j Ges me mgq Lªxó‡K cÖPvi K‡iB P‡j‡Q|
Lªxó e‡j‡Qb, ÔÔ‡Zvgiv RM‡Zi me©ÎB hvI; wek¦ m„wói Kv‡Q ‡NvlYv Ki g½jmgvPviÕÕ
(gvK© 16: 15)| ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi d‡j Lªxóa‡g©i cÖPvi I cÖmvi mnR nq I gvbyl Zv mn‡R
Avcb K‡i †bq| ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi d‡j wbR¯^ fvlv I K…wó‡Z gvbyl mn‡RB Lªxó‡K MÖnb Ki‡Z
cv‡i, KviY Zv‡`i Kv‡Q g½jmgvPvi mn‡RB †evaMg¨ nq| ZvQvov Dcvmbv Abyôv‡b Zviv
mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
HwZnvwmK w`Kmg~n
m„wói
jMœ †_‡KB Ck¦i gvby‡li m‡½ Av‡Qb| Ck¦i wb‡Ri mv`„‡k¨ gvbyl m„wó K‡i‡Qb| cyivZb
wbq‡g wZwb cÖe³v‡`i Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡i Bmiv‡qj RvwZ‡K w`K wb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb|
bZzb wbq‡g wZwb wb‡Ri cy‡Îi ga¨ w`‡qB wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| wZwb me mgq wewfbœ
NUbv, e¨w³ I cwi‡ek-cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡i P‡j‡Qb|
1| gyw³-BwZnv‡m Ck¦‡ii AvZ¥-cÖKvk: G‡Wb evMv‡b gvbyl Ck¦‡ii Aeva¨ nj, gvbyl kqZv‡bi
cÖ‡ivPbvq cvc Kij| d‡j †mB evMvb †_‡K, †mB myLve¯’v †_‡K gvbyl weZvwoZ nj| ïi“
nj Zvi cv‡ci Rxeb, hš¿bvi Rxeb| †m cv‡ci `vm n‡q coj| wKš‘ Ck¦i cwiKíbv Ki‡jb,
wZwb gvbyl‡K kqZv‡bi nvZ †_‡K, Zvi e›`x`kv †_‡K, cv‡ci `vmZ¡ †_‡K Zv‡K D×vi
Ki‡eb| Zv‡K Avevi wb‡Ri Kv‡Q wdwi‡q wb‡q Avm‡eb, Zvi †mB myLve¯’v Zv‡K Avevi wdwi‡q w`‡eb| †mRb¨ wZwb GKRb‡K cvVv‡eb
- w¯’i Ki‡jb, †h Gmg¯— KvR mgvav Ki‡e| cÖe³v‡`i Øviv Ck¦i BwZnv‡m evi evi
Bmªv‡qj RvwZ‡K †mB K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb, Zvui cwiKíbvi K_v Rvwb‡q‡Qb Ges
Zv‡`i cÖ¯‘Z K‡i‡Qb, hv‡Z Zviv gyw³`vZv‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zuv‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡Z
cv‡i| Avi Zuvi gva¨‡g cv‡ci ¶gv †c‡q Ck¦‡ii wcÖqRb n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| ÔAvgv‡`i Kv‡Q
wZwb cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Zuvi †mB inm¨gq m¼í, Zuvi †mB K…cvq fiv cwiKíbv, hv wZwb Av‡M
†_‡K Lªxó‡K †K›`ª K‡iB w¯’i K‡i †i‡LwQ‡jb mgq c~Y© n‡j Zv iƒcvwqZ Ki‡eb e‡jÕ
(G‡dwmq 1:9-10)| ÔhLb mgq c~Y© nj ZLb Ck¦i GB c„w_ex‡Z cvVv‡jb Zuvi Avcb cy·KÕ
(MvjvZxq 4:4), hxï‡K, hvi gva¨‡gB N‡U‡Q Ck¦‡ii c~Y© cÖKvk|
2| cyivZb wbqg:
cyivZb
wbq‡g cÖe³v†`i gva¨‡g Ck¦i wb‡R‡K gvby‡li Kv‡Q cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb, we‡klfv‡e cÖe³v I
Zvui g‡bvwbZ e¨w³‡`i Rxe‡b wZwb Avwef©~Z n‡q‡Qb, Zv‡`i K_vq I Kv‡R wb‡Ri cwiPq
cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb|
K) Ck¦‡ii bvg: c„w_ex‡Z A‡bK RvwZ I †jv‡Ki evm| Zviv wewfbœ
bv‡g Ck¦i‡K Wv‡K| Zv‡`i Ck¦i-AwfÁZv, cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v Ges wek¦v‡mi wfwˇZ Zviv
Ck¦‡ii wewfbœ bvg w`‡q‡Q| Ck¦‡ii K‡qKwU bvg D‡jL Kiv nj:
*Gj(EL): ÔGjÕ
cwðg Gwkqvi A‡bK †`eZv‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb cÖfve we¯—viKvix †`eZv| †mLvbKvi †jv‡Kiv
wek¦vm KiZ †h, GB †`eZv ¯^M© I c„w_ex m„wó K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Ab¨vb¨ †`eZv‡`i
Rb¥`vZv| wZwb ivRvi gZ †`eZv‡`i Dci ivRZ¡ Ki‡Zb| Aveªvnvg I Zuvi cwievi ÔGjÕ†K
Zv‡`i †`eZv wn‡m‡e gvbZ|
*evqvj (BAAL):
Kvbvb †`‡ki †`eZvi bvg wQj evqvj| A‡bK RvwZ I gvbyl G†`eZvi Abymvix ev c~Rvix wQj| G†`eZv wQj
g~jZ: K…wl m¤úwK©Z †`eZv| Rwgi De©iZv e„w×, e„wó I dm‡ji fvj Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ f³MY
Zvi Kv‡Q ewj DrmM© KiZ I Zvi c~Rv-Avivabv KiZ| Bmªv‡qj RvwZI G‡`eZvi Abymvix‡`i
Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡qwQj (1ivRv 18: 1-40) |
*Bqvû‡q (YAHWEH):
Bmªv‡qj RvwZ Ck¦i‡K ÔBqvû‡qÕ bv‡g WvKZ| KviY Ck¦i wb‡R †gvwki Kv‡Q GB bvg cÖKvk
K‡i‡Qb Ges GB bv‡g Zuv‡K WvK‡Z Zv‡`i e‡j‡Qb (hvÎv 3 Aa¨vq)|
Gme QvovI †Ri“mv‡jg I Kvbvb †`‡ki
Pvwiw`‡K †hme †`k i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv‡Z †hme †`eZv‡`i bvg cvIqv hvq †m¸‡jv nj:
†Ri“mv‡j‡g ÔGj Gwj‡qvbÕ (EL ELION) (Avw` 14:18-22), †ei‡kevq ÔGj IjvgÕ (EL
OLAM) (Avw` 21:33), †n‡eªv‡b ÔGj kvÏvBÕ (EL SHADDAI)(Avw` 17:1)|Õ[1]
L) cÖwZkÖ“wZ I AvÁv:
gvbyl cv‡c cwZZ n‡q Ck¦‡ii KvQ ‡_‡K `~‡i P‡j †M‡jI, kqZv‡bi Ke‡j co‡jI Ck¦i
gvbyl‡K D×vi Kivi Rb¨ cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb cÖwZkÖ“wZ †`b †h, wZwb GKRb‡K
cvVv‡eb whwb gvbyl‡K kqZv‡bi nvZ †_‡K gy³ Ki‡eb, cvc †_‡K D×vi Ki‡eb (†hvnb
1:29K)| Ck¦i cÖe³v‡`i gva¨‡g Zvui cÖwZkÖ“wZ gvbyl‡K Rvwb‡q‡Qb| wZwb gvbyl‡K
wewfbœ AvÁvI w`‡q‡Qb hv‡Z gvbyl mwVK c‡_ P‡j, ZuviB c‡_ P‡j| wZwb †gvwki gva¨‡g
Bmªv‡qj RvwZ‡K `k AvÁv w`‡q‡Qb (hvÎv 20:7-17),(2q weeiY 5:11-21) hv Zv‡`i Rb¨
Rxeb evYx| GB `k AvÁv¸‡jvB Ckweav‡bi wfwË| Gfv‡e Ck¦i gvby‡li mv‡_ Zuvi
fvjevmvi mwÜ ¯’vcb K‡ib (hvÎv 20:22-23:19)|
M) wewfbœ cÖe³vMY: cyivZb
wbq‡g A‡bK cÖe³v‡`i †`Lv hvq hv‡`i gva¨‡g I Zuvi g‡bvwbZ e¨w³‡`i gva¨‡g Ck¦i
wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡ib| Aveªvnvg‡K †`Lv w`‡q wZwb Zvi Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡ib (Avw` 12:7), wZwb †gvwki Kv‡Q
R¡jš— †mB †Sv‡ci g‡a¨ wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡ib (hvÎv 3:4-6), mvgy‡q‡ji Kv‡Q
wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡ib (1mvgy‡qj 3:10-14),
wZwb m‡jvgb‡K †`Lv w`‡q‡Qb (1ivRv 3:4-15)|
N) ABû`x‡`i Kv‡Q cÖKvk: †cŠivwYK Kvwnbx, AvPvi-Abyôvb, NUbvi gva¨‡g Ck¦i ABû`x‡`i Kv‡QI
wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡ib| cyivZb wbq‡g wewfbœ †`‡ki †cŠivwYK Kvwnbx‡Z wewfbœ †`e‡`exi
bvg cvIqv hvq| †hgb- Gj, Gj Gwj‡qvb, Gj kvÏvB BZ¨vw`| hw`I A‡bK mgq GB †cŠivwYK
Kvwnbxi bvg¸‡jv †`e‡`exi e¨vcv‡i wKQy fyj aviYvi Rb¥ †`q Z_vwc cyivZb wbq‡gi
†jLKMY cy‡ivcywifv‡e evwZj bv K‡i ‡m¸‡jv cwigvwR©Z K‡i I bZzb A_© w`‡q Zv‡`i
wb‡R‡`i Ck¦i-aviYv‡K my›`ifv‡e cÖKvk Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| †hgb- Avw`cy¯—‡Ki Ck¦‡ii
wek¦RMr m„wó Kvwnbxi mv‡_ †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi †cŠivwYK Kvwnbxi wgj i‡q‡Q| Avevi, Avw`cy¯—‡Ki
8 Aa¨v‡q Rjcve‡bi NUbv‡K `yó †jv‡Ki
Dci b¨vqevb Ck¦‡ii wePvi ev kvw¯— wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv nq hvi mv‡_ †g‡mvc‡Uwgqvi
†cŠivwYK Kvwnbxi †`eZv‡`i †µv‡ai ewn:cÖKv‡ki mv‡_ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q| Avw` 6:1-4 -G
ejv n‡q‡Q Ôw`e¨R‡bivÕ gvbeKb¨v‡`i we‡q Ki‡Qb|[2]
O) msMVb/e¨e¯’v: cyivZb
wbq‡g Ck¦i Bmªv‡qj RvwZi Rb¨ hvRK, wePviK Ges ivRvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| Ck¦i Av‡ivY‡K
hvRK wbhy³ K‡ib (hvÎv 28:1), Ck¦i †jwe †Mvôxi †jvK‡`i hvRKc‡` wb‡qvM †`b; wePvi‡Ki
gva¨‡g Ck¦i Bmªv‡qj RvwZ‡K cwiPvjbv K‡ib; K‡qKRb wePviK n‡jb- Arwb‡qj, Gû`,
kvgMb, wMw`‡qvb cÖgyL| Ck¦i Bmªv‡qj RvwZi Rb¨ mvgy‡qj I ivRvejx MÖ‡š’ ivRvi
e¨e¯’v K‡ib| ivRv †mŠj, `vD` Ges k‡jvgb Zv‡`i weL¨vZ ivRv| †jv‡Kiv wek¦vm Ki‡Zv
†h, GB hvRK, wePviK I ivRvMY wQ‡jb Ck¦‡ii cÖwZwbwa| Zviv Ck¦‡ii bv‡g gvbyl‡`i cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Zb Ges
Zv‡`i KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Zb|
3| bZzb wbqg: bZzb
wbq‡g wcZv Ck¦i Zuvi GKgvÎ cyÎ hxïi ga¨ w`‡q wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb|
K) hxï Lªxó:
Lªx‡ói †`naviY ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi c~Y© cÖKvk| wcZv Ck¦i‡K cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ cyÎ Ck¦i
gvbe‡`n aviY Ki‡jb| Ck¦i gvbyl n‡jb Avi gvbe BwZnv‡mi Ask n‡jb| aviYv Kiv nq
†h, hxïi Rb¥Kvj eZ©gv‡b †h Zvwi‡L cvjb Kiv nq ZviI 6 ev 7 eQi Av‡M A_©vr
Lªxóc~e© 6 ev 7 mv‡j (g½jevZ©v, jyK 2:1-2 -Gi dzU‡bvU)| wZwb c~Y© gvbyl n‡qI
c~Y© Ck¦iB wQ‡jb| wZwb Zvi Ck¦iZ¡ nvivbwb| wKš‘ wZwb Zvui KvR wVKB K‡i‡Qb| Gfv‡e
Zuvi †`naviY ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi aviYv‡K
Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q ¯úó K‡i †Zv‡j|
L) ˆcÖwiwZK gÛjx: hxï
Zvui wkl¨‡`i †cÖiY K‡ib, Ô‡Zvgiv RM‡Zi me©ÎB hvI; wek¦m„wói Kv‡Q †Zvgiv †NvlYv
Ki g½jmgvPvi!Õ (gvK© 16:15) wkl¨Pwi‡Z †`Lv hvq, †cÖwiZwkl¨MY me RvqMvq evYx cÖPvi Ki‡Qb | cÂvkËgx c‡e© cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K
jvf Kivi ci †cÖwiZ wkl¨MY hxïi evYx Ôg½jmgvPviÕ cÖPvi Kivi Rb¨ †ewi‡q co‡jb|
Hw`b-B wcZ‡ii cÖPv‡ii d‡j wZb nvRv‡ii gZ †jvK Lªxó‡K MÖnY Kij (wkl¨ 3:41)| wcZi
I †hvnb mvgvwiqvq (wkl¨ 8:14-24), wdwjc MvRvi gi“c‡_ (wkl¨ 8:26-40), Avevi wcZi
weRvZxq‡`i Kv‡Q (wkl¨ 10:34-43) g½jevYx cÖPvi K‡ib| †mŠj cieZ©x‡Z †cŠj I
evbv©evm‡K evYx cÖPvi Ki‡Z cvVv‡bv nj (wkl¨ 13:1-3)| ‡cŠj g~jZ: ABû`x‡`i Kv‡Q
we‡kl K‡i f~ga¨mvM‡ii DËi I DËi-c~e© AÂj¸‡jv‡Z g½jmgvPvi cÖPvi K‡ib| mvay Ugvm my`~i
fviZe‡l© Lªx‡ói evYx cÖPvi Ki‡Z Av‡mb| †cÖwiZwkl¨ I Avw`wcZ…M‡Yi cÖPv‡ii d†j c„w_exi
GK cÖvš— †_‡K Ab¨ cÖvš— ch©š— Lªxóa‡g©i cÖmvi ev we¯—vi N‡U‡Q|
4) †cÖiY Kv‡Ri BwZnvm:
Rb¥jMœ
†_‡KB g½jevYx cÖPv‡i gÛjx †cÖwiZ| evYx cÖPv‡ii KvR gÛjx hy‡M hy‡M K‡i Avm‡Q|
K) cÖ_g hyM (1-500 Lªx:): cÖ_gw`‡K Lªxóag© MÖxK-‡ivgvb mvgªv‡R¨i wewfbœ RvwZ‡`i g‡a¨ cÖPvwiZ
nq| †cÖwiZwkl¨MY I gÛjxi wcZ…MY Øviv mgMÖ
A‡j we‡kl K‡i f~ga¨mvM‡ii DcK~jxq †`kmg~‡n Lªxóag© cÖPvwiZ nq| †mme †`‡k Lªxó
a‡g©i exR ecb Kiv nq| ÔexR, hv Ck¦‡ii evYx, Zv fvj gvwU I ¯^M©xq wkwk‡ii Rj
wm‡b †e‡o D‡V, Zv Av`ª©Zv ‡kvlY K‡i wb‡q wb‡Ri Ask wnmv‡e iƒcvš—i K‡i, †hb
Ae‡k‡l A‡bK A‡bK dj cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|Õ[3] ‡hme
†`‡k LªxóevYx cÖPvwiZ n‡q‡Q †mme †`‡ki fvlv, K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ, ce©-Drme MÖnY K‡i
†m¸‡jv‡K Lªxó I g½jmgvPv‡ii Av‡jv‡K bZzb A_© †`qv nq| A‡bK RvqMvq ¯’vbxq ¶z`ª
¶z`ª gÛjx M‡o I‡V| cieZ©x‡Z Gme AÂj †_‡K wgkbvixMY c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨ GjvKvq
g½jmgvPvi cÖPvi Kivi Rb¨ †cÖwiZ nq|
L) ga¨
hyM (500-1500 Lªx:): Av_©-mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK cwieZ©‡b Lªxóag©
Gmgq
DËi I c~e© BD‡iv‡c LªxóevYx cÖPvwiZ nq| Avi Gmg‡q BD‡iv‡ci A‡bK †`‡k ivR‰bwZK,
A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cwieZ©b Av‡m| gÛjx ZLb Akvš— cwi‡ek-cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Ae¯’v wbqš¿‡Y
A‡bK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡L| †m ZLb aŸs‡mi nvZ †_‡K A‡bK ms¯‹…wZ I ¯’vcZ¨‰kjx i¶v
K‡i| ïay ZvB bq, cwðg BD‡iv‡c bZzb bZzb K…wó-ms¯‹…wZiI †m Rb¥ †`q| Lªxóag©
wPÎKjv, ¯’vcZ¨wkí, msMxZ, mvwnZ¨ Ges Ávb-weÁv‡b e¨vcK cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i| gÛjx wewfbœ ¶z`ª ¶z`ª `‡j wef³ nq| †hgb-
evB‡RbUvBb, Av‡g©wbqvb, Kvjvwfqvb, Avš—wLq, Av‡j´vw›`ªqvb, j¨vwUb BZ¨vw`|
‰ewPÎgqZv Avm‡jI Kv_wjK gÛjx‡Z GKZv wQj| †cvc †MÖMix `¨v †MÖU, Bsj¨v‡Ûi
†cÖwiZ`~Z AvMwób Ges Avqvij¨v‡Ûi †cÖwiZ`~Z c¨vwUªK Gmgq gÛjxi ms¯‹v‡i ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
Ae`vb iv‡Lb|Gmgq c~e© BD‡iv‡c gymjgvb‡`i Avwef©ve N‡U| d‡j †mme †`‡k Lªxóvb‡`i
msL¨v Kg‡Z _v‡K| Lªxóvb I gymwjg msNl© ev‡a| Dcvmbvi g‡a¨ A‡bK cwieZ©b Av‡m|
j¨vwUb I MÖxK n‡q D‡V Lªxóhv‡Mi fvlv| Gmgq my`~i Pxb ch©š— Lªxóag© cÖPvwiZ nq|
M) Jcwb‡ewkK hyM (1500-1900
Lªx:): Jcwb‡ewk‡Ki
cÖfv‡e mviv c„w_ex‡Z Lªx‡ói evYx cÖPvwiZ|
mviv
c„w_ex‡Z Lªxó ag© cÖPvi I cÖmv‡i BD‡ivcxq wgkbvix‡`i Ae`vb Ab¯^xKvh©| gymjgvb‡`i
DÌv‡bi d‡j Lªxóag© Gwkqv †_‡K weZvwoZ n‡q BD‡ivc †Kw›`ªK n‡q c‡o| gÛjxi g‡a¨
wKQz wefvRb I fvOb †`Lv †`q| Kv_wjKMY †ivg †Kw›`ªK nq| Gmgq BD‡iv‡ci †`k¸‡jv
mgy`ªcvwo w`‡q bZzb bZzb †`k Avwe®‹vi Ki‡Z _v‡K| we‡kl K‡i, †¯úb I cZ©yMv‡ji
ewYK‡`i Øviv bZzb bZzb Rjc_ Avwe®K…Z nq| Zviv `~i †`‡k hvIqvi mgq Rvnv‡R GKRb
hvRK-P¨vc‡jb m‡½ wbZ| Rjc_ Avwe®‹v‡ii d‡j wgkbvix‡`i Øviv g½jmgvPvi c„w_exi
GKcÖvš— †_‡K AcicÖvš— ch©š— cÖPvwiZ n‡Z jvMj| Gwkqv, Avwd«Kv, `w¶Y, ga¨ I DËi
Av‡gwiKvq Lªxóag© cÖmvi jvf Kij| gÛjx‡Z wewfbœ wb‡`©kbvgv ˆZix nj| †hgb-
†cÖvcvMvÛv wd‡`| †i‡bmuv I wkíwec‡ei
gZ NUbv NU‡jI ag©ms¯‹v‡ii gva¨‡g g½jmgvPvi cÖPvwiZ n‡Z _v‡K|
N) eZ©gvb hyM: 2q fvwUKvb gnvmfvi cÖfve I Lªxóa‡g©i
D`vibxwZ
wØZxq
fvwUKvb gnvmfv LªxógÛjx‡Z behy‡Mi m~Pbvi `wjj| ÔGB gnvmfv wQj LªxógÛjxi Z_v
mviv we‡k¦i cÖwZ cweÎ AvZ¥vi GKwU we‡kl `vb| gnvgvb¨ †cvc ·qvwesk †hvnb KZ©„K
GB gnvmfv Avnevb Kiv nq Ges wZwbB GB mfvi cÖ_g Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Øvab K‡ib 1962 mv‡ji
11 A‡±vei| GB gnvmfvi wØZxq, Z…Zxq Ges PZz_© Awa‡ekb AbywôZ nq gnvgvb¨ †cvc lô
c‡ji mg‡q whwb G gnvmfv mgvß K‡ib 1965 mv‡ji 8 wW‡m¤^i| wØZxq fvwUKvb gnvmfvi
we‡kl dj Ges Gi A¶q Ae`vb nj gnvmfvi wcZ…MY KZ…©K iwPZ Ges †cvc g‡nv`q KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z
†lvjwU `wjj| GB `wjj¸‡jv‡Z Lªxó I gÛjxi wPiš—b wk¶vi wPimZ¨‡K eRvq †i‡L Zv
eZ©gvb hy‡Mi Dc‡hvMx K‡i AvaywbK we‡k¦i mvg‡b Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| GB gnvmfvi wk¶v Kv_wjK
gÛjx‡Z G‡b‡Q GK bevqb| GB gnvmfv GB wk¶vB w`‡”Q †h, gÛjx GK Rxeš— †PZbv hv
Lªxóf³‡`i D`vË Avnevb Rvbv‡”Q cweÎ n‡Z, Lªx‡ói evYx cÖPvi Ki‡Z, Ab¨ a‡g©i
†jvK‡`i m‡½ msjvc Ki‡Z Ges mK‡ji mn‡hvwMZvq †cÖg, b¨vh¨Zv I kvwš—c~Y© HkivR¨
¯’vcb Ki‡Z|Õ[4]
GB gnvmfv msKxY©Zvi cwie‡Z© G‡b‡Q D`viZv, åvZ…‡cÖg I ¯^vaxbZv hv f³RbMY,
LªxógÛjx Z_v mviv we‡k¦i Dci e¨vcK cÖfve †d‡j‡Q Avi me‡¶‡Î G‡b‡Q cwieZ©‡bi
†Qvuqv| we‡kl K‡i, ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi cÖfve evYx cÖPvi I Dcvmbvi †¶‡Î Lye cwijw¶Z nq|
mviv we‡k¦ g½jmgvPvi Lªxóf³M‡Yi wbR wbR fvlvq Abyevw`Z nq, Zviv wbR wbR
K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi g‡a¨ †_‡K Dcvmbv Ki‡Z m‡Pó nq| Gfv‡e Lªxóa‡g© D`vi bxwZ my`~i
cÖmvix dj wb‡q Av‡m|
HkZvwˡK w`K
K) hxï Lªx‡ói †`naviY: gvbe gyw³i D‡Ï‡k¨ Lªxó gvbe †`nMÖnY K‡ib| gvby‡li K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ‡Z
evm K‡ib Ck¦iZ¡ A¶zbœ ‡i‡LB| Zuvi †`naviY Zuvi g„Zy¨i K_vI ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q Ges
hv Zuvi cybi“Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g c~Y©Zv cvq| ÔAvi ZvB ev¯—weKB, †`n avi‡Yi ev¯—eZvq
†hiƒc N‡UwQj, Z`ªƒc be¨ gÛjx¸‡jv RvwZmg~‡ni mg¯— Hk¦h© MÖnY K‡i hv Lªxó‡K
DËivwaKvi iƒ‡c †`qv n‡q‡Q (mvg 2:8)| GB be¨ gÛjx¸‡jv Lªx‡ó‡Z e×g~j I †cÖwiZ‡`i
wfwËi Dci ¯’vwcZ| Zviv Zv‡`i †jvK‡`i cÖ_v, HwZn¨, Ávb, wk¶v, Kjv I weÁvb †_‡K
me wKQzB MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i hv m„wóKZ©vi gwngvi cÖksmv Kivi R‡b¨, gyw³`vZvi AbyMÖn
cÖKv‡ki R‡b¨ ev Lªxwóq Rxe‡bi mwVK ms¯’vc‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i|Õ[5]
hxïi †`naviY gvby‡li cÖwZ Ck¦‡ii fvjevmvi P~ovš— cÖgvY| KviY †`navi‡Yi d‡jB
Av‡m Zvui hvZbv‡fvM, g„Zz¨ I cybi“Ìvb hv gvb‡e gyw³ G‡b‡Q|
L) mve©Rbxb Kv_wjK gÛjx: gÛjx‡Z gvbyl I Ck¦‡ii wgjb nq| gÛjx nj ci‡gk¦‡ii mv‡_ gvby‡li wgjb I
mg¯— gvby‡li g‡a¨ GKZvi wPý Ges Dcvq| Lªxó n‡jb gÛjxi g¯—K¯^iƒc Avi gÛjxi
f³R‡biv nj Zvui wbM~p †`‡ni A½-cÖZ¨½| ÔCk¦‡ii RbM‡Y Aš—f©y³ n‡Z mKj gvbylB
Avn~Z| ZvB GB RbMY‡K GK Ges ïaygvÎ GK RvwZ †_‡KB mgMÖ c„w_ex‡Z Ges mKj hy‡M
we¯—vi jvf Ki‡Z n‡e †hb ci‡gk¦‡ii cwiKíbv c~Y© nq: Avw`‡Z Ck¦i mg¯— gvbyl‡K GKB
gvbe-¯^fv‡e m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges wZwb Av‡`k K‡i‡Qb †hb Zuvi wew¶ß mš—v‡biv GKw`b
mw¤§wjZ n‡q GKZve× nq (†hvnb 11:52)| G D‡Ï‡k¨B Ck¦i Zuvi Avcb cy·K †cÖiY
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Zuv‡K wbhy³ K‡i‡Qb wek¦m„wói DËivwaKvixiƒ‡c (wneª“ 1:2) †hb wZwb n‡Z
cv‡ib mK‡ji wk¶K, ivRv Ges hvRK; †hb wZwb n‡Z cv‡ib bZzb Ges wek¦e¨vcx RbM‡Yi
A_©vr Hk-mš—vb‡`i g¯—K| GB GKB Kvi‡Y Ck¦i, whwb Rxeb`vZv I Rxeb¯^vgx, Zuvi
cy‡Îi AvZ¥v‡K †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb| †mB AvZ¥vB mgMÖ gÛjx Ges cÖ‡Z¨K wek¦vmxi R‡b¨
†cÖwiZ‡`i wk¶v I mnfvwMZvi Rxe‡b, cÖv_©bvq I i“wUfv½v-Abyôv‡b wgjb I GKZvi KviY
(wkl¨ 2:42 MÖxK)|.... Ck¦‡ii RbMY mve©RbxbZvi AjsKv‡i f~wlZ, Avi GB mve©RbxbZv
cig cÖfyi we‡kl `vb| GiB R‡b¨ Kv_wjK gÛjx Aweivg djcÖm~ cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q ‡hb
mgMÖ gvbeRvwZ I Zvi mKj m¤ú` cweÎ AvZ¥vi GK‡Z¡ g¯—K Lªx‡ói Aax‡b cybivq wd‡i
Av‡m|Õ[6]
RM‡Zi g‡a¨ Lªx‡ói AwZw›`ªq‡`n gÛjx Zvi Dcw¯’wZ Ges g½jevYx ewjô K‡É †NvlYvi
gva¨‡g Ck¦‡ii m‡½ gvby‡li †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb K‡i P‡j‡Q|
M) mvaymvaŸx I evYxcÖPviK‡`i Lªxómv¶¨ `vb: wcZv Ck¦i cwic~Y©fv‡e wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Zuvi
GKgvÎ cyÎ hxï Lªx‡ói gva¨‡g| RM‡Z hy‡M hy‡M wZwb wb‡R‡K eû bvix-cyi“l‡`i Rxe‡bi
ga¨ w`‡qI cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| wZwb gvbyl ØvivB gvby‡li Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡ib| wewfbœ
†`‡ki wewfbœ ms¯‹„wZi gvbyl‡`i wZwb †e‡Q †bb Zvui Kv‡R| mvay-mvaŸxMY Zvui
wcÖqRb| KviY Zvuiv Zuv‡`i Rxe‡b Lªxó‡K me wKQzi D‡aŸ© ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb Ges RM‡Zi
gvbyl‡K eywS‡q‡Qb Zuvi fvjevmvi K_v| wgkbvixMY wb‡R‡`i Rxeb wecbœ K‡i wec` m¼zj
cwi‡ek D‡c¶v K‡iI HkevYx‡K mKj RvwZi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Qb Ges GLbI w`‡”Qb| Zv‡`i
g‡a¨ †KD ‡KD ag© knx‡`i g„Zz¨eiYI K‡i‡Qb| evYxcÖPviKMY hxï Lªx‡ói Rxeš— mv¶x
n‡q RM‡Zi Kv‡Q g½jmgvPvi cÖPvi K‡i P‡j‡Qb| Ck¦i Zv‡`i‡KB eZ©gv‡b Zuvi evYx
cÖPv‡ii kw³kvjx gva¨g wn‡m‡e e¨envi Ki‡Qb| Zv‡`i Rxeb mv¶¨ ØvivB LªxóevYx Z_v
Lªxó GLb †`naviY I Rxeb hvcb K‡ib|
N) Hk¸Yvejx: wek¦vm, Avkv I fvjevmv
wek¦vm: wek¦vm
Ck¦‡ii GK Ag~j¨ `vb| ÔCk¦i hLb wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb, ZLb wek¦v‡mi AvbyMZ¨ ZuviB
cÖvc¨| wek¦v‡mi Øviv gvbyl ¯^vaxbfv‡e wb‡Ri m¤ú~Y© mËv‡K Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q Ac©Y K‡i;
Ck¦i whwb wb‡R‡K cÖKvk K‡ib, †mB Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ c~Y© ek¨Zvq gvbyl wb‡Ri eyw× I
B”Qvkw³‡K Avbqb K‡i Ges †¯^”Qvq Zuvi †`qv cÖZ¨v‡`‡ki cÖwZ m¤§wZ Ávcb K‡i| Zv‡K
Pvjbv I mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ Hk AbyMÖn bv _vK‡j gvby‡li c‡¶ GB wek¦vm Abykxjb m¤¢e
bq; Zvi GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb cweÎ AvZ¥vi Avf¨š—wiK mvnvh¨| KviY, cweÎ AvZ¥vB ü`q‡K
¯úk© I Zv‡K Ck¦‡ii w`‡K AvK…ó K‡ib, Luy‡R †`b Aš—`©„wó Ges mZ¨‡K MÖnY I wek¦vm
Kiv mevi Rb¨ K‡ib mnRZi| GB GKB cweÎ AvZ¥v Zuvi `vbmg~n w`‡q wek¦vm‡K me©`v
c~Y© K‡ib|Õ[7]
ÔAveªvnvg Ck¦i‡K wek¦vm Ki‡jb Avi †mB wek¦v‡mi R‡b¨B Ck¦i Zuv‡K avwg©K e‡j MY¨
Ki‡jbÕ (Avw` 15:6)| ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g Lªxwóq wek¦vm ¯’vbxq K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi
ixwZ-bxwZ I wek¦v‡m mÂvwjZ Kiv nq|
Avkv: Avkv
Ck¦‡ii AbyMÖ‡ni `vb| Avkv gvbyl‡K mvg‡bi w`‡K Pj‡Z, b‡ev`¨‡g Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z kw³
†hvMvq I ¯^cœ †`Lvq hv cweÎ AvZ¥viB KvR| LªxóB Avgv‡`i GKgvÎ Avkv| wZwb Avgv‡`i
Rxe‡b bZzb Avkv w`‡q‡Qb| ÔLªx‡ói gva¨‡gB †Zv wek¦v‡mi c_ w`‡q Avgv‡`i c‡¶ †mB
Hk AbyMÖ‡ni RM‡Z Avmv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b GLb Avgiv w¯’i n‡q `uvwo‡q AvwQ| ZuviB
R‡b¨ Avgiv GLb GB Avkv wb‡q Me©I K‡i _vwK †h, Avgiv GKw`b Ck¦‡ii Avcb gwngvi
Askx`vi neÕ (†ivgxq 5:2)|
fvjevmv: Ck¦i
¯^qs fvjevmv| gvbyl‡K fvj‡e‡m Ck¦i wbR cÖwZg~wZ©‡Z Zv‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb, gvbyl‡K
fvj‡e‡m wZwb wbR cy·K `vb K‡i‡Qb hv‡Z †m cwiÎvY cvq (†hvnb 3:16)| hxï LªxóB
Avgv‡`i mvg‡b fvjevmvi D¾¡jZg Av`k©| wZwb Avgv‡`i Rb¨ µz‡k cÖvY wemR©b w`‡jb| ÔwZwb
†Zv Avgv‡`i fvj‡e‡m‡Qb; wZwb †Zv Avgv‡`iB R‡b¨ wb‡R‡K myiwfZ ˆb‡e`¨ I ewjiƒ‡c
Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q DrmM© K‡i‡QbÕ (G‡dmxq 5:2)| Lªx‡ói GB fvjevmvq Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z mKj
LªxóvbB AvûZ|
O) Lªxwóq g~j¨‡eva: hxï Lªxó Zuvi K_vq I Kv‡R Avgv‡`i mvg‡b Lªxwóq `„óvš— †i‡L †M‡Qb|
Zuvi †`Lv‡bv c_ AbymiY K‡iB Avgiv Abš— Rxeb jvf Ki‡Z cvwi| wZwb Avgv‡`i
†`wL‡q‡Qb GKRb Lªxóv‡bi Rxeb †Kgb nIqv DwPZ| Zuvi g~j¨‡eva¸‡jv nj- ¶gv, cÖwZ‡ekx I kΓ‡K wb‡Ri
gZ fvjevmv, AvZ¥-Z¨vM, †mev, b¨vh¨Zv, kvwš—, mZZv, mshg, mnbkxjZv, cÖv_©bvkxjZv,
wbinsKvi g‡bvfve, Avkv, `vbkxjZv, mnfvwMZv, Awnsm BZ¨vw`|
cvjKxq w`Kmg~n:
cvjKxq
Kv‡R ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi ¸i“Z¡ AZ¨waK| ms¯‹…Z¨vqb mnR KvR bv n‡jI Gi d‡j cvjKxq KvR I cÖPvi KvR Z¡ivwš^Z nq Ges
f³RbMY g½jmgvPvi mn‡R MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i, Dcvmbvq mµxqfv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges
gÛjxi cÖwZ Zv‡`i `vwqZ¡ wel‡q m‡PZb n‡Z cv‡i|
K) f³RbM‡Yi f~wgKv I AskMÖnY: `x¶vmœv‡bi gva¨‡g GKRb gvbyl Lªx‡ói m‡½ wgwjZ nq
Ges Zvui †`‡ni A½ n‡q D‡V| Lªx‡ó `xw¶Z mevB wek¦v‡m GK| Lªxóf³‡`i wb‡qB gÛjx,
Zv‡`i Rb¨B cvjKxq KvR cwiPvwjZ nq| Avevi, cvjKxq Kv‡R I LªxóevYx cÖPv‡i Zv‡`iI
¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv i‡q‡Q, Zv‡`iI G‡Z AskMÖnY Ki‡Z nq| Aek¨, Zv‡`i‡K GRb¨ MVb
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq| hvRK I gÛjxi KZ©„c‡¶i DwPZ Ôwek¦vmx‡`i mgvR MVb Kiv †hb ‡h
Avnev‡b Zviv AvûZ n‡q‡Qb ZviB Dchy³ AvPiY K‡i †h cvjKxq, fveev`xq I ivRKxq Kg©fvi
Zviv †c‡q‡Qb Zv Zviv m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ...LªxócÖmv`xq Drm‡M©i gva¨‡g GB Lªxwóq
mgvR AweiZ Lªx‡ói mv‡_ wcZvi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q, HkevYx G‡K mh‡Zœ cwicyó iv‡L, GB
Lªxwóq mgvR Lªx‡ói c‡¶ mv¶¨ enb K‡i, †cÖ‡g c` mÂvjb K‡i Ges ˆcªwiwZK Aby‡cÖiYvq
mÄxxeZ nq|Õ[8]
L) fvlv: cvjKxq
Kv‡R Z_v g½jevYx cÖPv‡i fvlv GKUv eo welq| cÖ_gw`‡K gÛjxi Dcvmbvi fvlv wQj
cÖavbZ: j¨vwUb I MÖxK| cieZ©x‡Z, ¯’vbxq I wbR¯^ fvlvi e¨envi ïi“ nq| wØZxq
fvwUKvb gnvmfvi ci GwU Av‡iv †eMevb I †Rviv‡jv nq| c„w_exi A‡bK fvlvq evB‡ej
Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Lªxóag© cÖPvwiZ n‡”Q| ÔwbR¯^ fvlvq Dcvmbv, cªv_©bv I
m½x‡Zi e¨env‡ii d‡j wewfbœ ¶z`ª ¶z`ª RvwZ-mËvi gvby‡li Kv‡Q Dcvmbv cÖvbeš— n‡q
D‡V‡Q| Avi Gi MÖnYxqZvI Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q A‡bK †ekx| wØZxq fvwUKvb gnvmfvi c~Y¨
Dcvmbv welqK msweavb (Aby‡”Q`-36) GB wel‡q gÛjx‡K mywbw`©ó wb‡`©kbv `vb K‡i‡Q,
Ò...Lªxóhv‡M, ms¯‹vivw`i Abyôv‡b wKsev Dcvmbvi Ab¨vb¨ Abyôv‡b ¯’vbxq fvlvi
e¨envi †h‡nZz RbM‡Yi Rb¨ A‡bK †¶‡Î myweavRbK n‡Z cv‡i, ZvB ¯’vbxq fvlvi AviI
e¨vcK e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, we‡klZ: cvV¸‡jv‡Z, wb‡`©kvejx‡Z, †Kvb †Kvb cÖv_©bvq
I Mv‡b|Ó eZ©gv‡b GB D‡`¨vM wejyßcÖvq K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ¸‡jv msi¶‡Yi †¶‡ÎI ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|Õ[9]
M) Dcvmbvq ms¯‹…Z¨vqb: Dcvmbv-B gÛjxi cÖvY| ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi d‡j Lªxó-Dcvmbvq e¨vcK cwieZ©b
mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| wbR¯^ fvlv, m½xZ, ev`¨hš¿, mvRm¾v, DrmM©-mvgMªx, A½-f½x I fve-f½x
(gesture and posture) e¨env‡i Dcvmbv f³‡`i Kv‡Q ‡evaMg¨ I MÖnYxq n‡q‡Q| Zv‡Z
Dcvmbvq mµxq AskMÖnY †e‡o‡Q|
N) ce©-Drme:
c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k wewfbœ RvwZ-‡Mvôxi evm| Zv‡`i K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ, fvlv, mvgvwRK
ixwZ-bxwZ, Drme-cve©b meB G‡K Ab¨ †_‡K wfbœ| gvby‡li Avb›`, g‡bi Awfe¨w³ I
ag©xq wek¦vm Zv‡`i ce©-Drme¸‡jvi gva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ nq| gvby‡li Rxe‡bi mv‡_
IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e Rwo‡q i‡q‡Q A‡bK ce©-Drme| ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g gÛjxi KZ©„c‡¶i
Aby‡gv`bµ‡g c~Y¨ Dcvmbvi mv‡_ Gme ce©-Drme mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| bZzb A_© w`‡q Zv‡`i
Lªxwóq fveavivq wb‡q Avmv n‡q‡Q| †hgb- Mv‡iv‡`i ÔIqvbMvjvÕ Drme, Lvwmqv‡`i
ÔwRsBqv‡msÕ Drme‡K LªxóivRvi c‡e©i mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i cvjb Kiv nq| Gfv‡e
ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi d‡j gvby‡li Rxe‡b Lªxó m¤ú‡K© aviYvq †hvM n‡q‡Q bZzb gvÎv| Zv‡`iB
GKvš— AvcbRb e‡jB Zviv GLb Lªxó‡K wPb‡Z †c‡i‡Q|
O) mvgvwRK I ag©xq GKZv: mvgvwRK ixwZ-bxwZ I ag©
Lªxóag©
me mgqB gvby‡li g½‡ji Rb¨, Zvi AvZ¥vi cwiïw×i Rb¨, Zvi g‡bi kvwš—i Rb¨ m‡e©vcwi
gvby‡li mvwe©K cwiÎv‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡ew`Z| Lªxwóq g~j¨‡eva¸‡jv gvbyl‡K mrc‡_,
¯^vaxbZvi c‡_, Ck¦‡ii c‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡i| Lªxó ag© †Kvb b¨vq, my›`i I gvbe‡cÖgx
mvgvwRK e¨e¯’v I ixwZ-bxwZi mv‡_ KLbB mvsNwl©K bq| eis mKj cÖKvi Ab¨vq,
Ab¨vh¨Zv, Akvwš—, g›`Zv A_©vr hZ AcÖxwZKi wKQzi m‡½B Zvi hZ we‡iva I hy×| ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi
gva¨‡g mvgvwRK ixwZ-bxwZi mej w`K¸‡jv DrmvwnZ K‡i Ges MÖnY K‡i ‡m¸‡jv Lªxwóq
fveavivq wb‡q Avmv hv‡Z me mgv‡Ri gvby‡li Kv‡Q Lªx‡ói evYx †cuŠ‡Q †`qv hvq-GUvB
gÛjxi j¶¨ I KvR; hv‡Z me gvbyl Lªxó‡K Rvb‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv‡K Avcb K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i|
Lªxóa‡g©i `k©b nj mevi Rb¨ †mev, g½j I cwiÎvY| Lªxwóq wewfbœ ‡mevg~jK cªwZôvb,
msN-mwgwZi gva¨‡g gÛjx A‡bK mvgvwRK KvR K‡i _v‡K| myZivs Lªxwóq cvjKxq Kv‡Ri
Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q mvgvwRK I ag©xq GKZv|
P) Avš—:ag©xq msjvc:
Avš—:ag©xq msjvc LªxógÛjx‡Z GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cvjKxq KvR| c„w_ex‡Z Lªxóag© QvovI
Av‡iv A‡bK ag© i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ e„nr ag©¸‡jv nj- Bmjvg, wn›`y, Bû`x, †eŠ× BZ¨vw`|
Avš—:ag©xq msjvc n‡”Q cÖ‡Z¨K gvbyl‡K Zvi ag©, Kg© I †hvM¨Zvi wfbœZv _vKv m‡Ë¡I
ci¯úi ci¯ú‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b I g~j¨ †`qv, cvi¯úwiK mg_©b ev ¯^xK…wZ, ΓwU
ms‡kvab, åvZ…Z¡m~jf Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g m„wóKZ©vi fvjevmvi ¯úk© I AwfÁZv
mnfvwMZv Kiv| Avš—:ag©xq msjv‡ci D‡Ïk¨ nj wek¦åvZ…Z¡ M‡o †Zvjv| GUv me
Lªxóvb‡`i cweÎ Lªxwóq `vwqZ¡| Gm¤ú‡K© wØZxq fvwUKvb gnvmfv e‡j,Ô‡h †Kvb Rbmgwói
cÖwZ Avgv‡`i AvPiY hw` åvZ…Z¡m~jf bv nq Zvn‡j mKj gvby‡li wcZv †mB ci‡gk¦‡ii
Kv‡Q Avgiv mwZ¨Kvifv‡e cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z cvwi bv, KviY me gvbylB Ck¦‡ii cÖwZg~wZ©‡Z
m„ó| wcZv Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ gvby‡li m¤úK© Ges gvby‡li m‡½ gvby‡li m¤úK© GZB ci¯úi
wbf©ikxj †h, cweÎ kv¯¿ e‡j, Ò †h fvjev‡m bv, †m ci‡gk¦i‡K Rv‡b bvÓ(1 †hvnb
4:8)|Õ ZvB LªxógÛjx ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Ab¨vb¨ ag©vej¤^x gvbyl‡`i mv‡_ msjvc Ki‡Z
AvûZ Ges Zvi `vwqZ¡ †m cvjb K‡iI _v‡K|
Dcmsnvi:
ms¯‹…Z¨vqb A‡bK wKQzi Dci wbf©i K‡i| gvby‡li fvlv, K…wó, i“wP, Af¨vm, Rxebaviv
BZ¨vw` ms¯‹…wZi Ask| G¸‡jvi fvj w`K¸‡jv Lªxwóq fveavivq wb‡q G‡m Zvi gva¨‡g
Lªxó‡K gvby‡li Kv‡Q cÖPvi Kiv, Lªxó‡K Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Avcb K‡i †ZvjvB Lªxóa‡g©
ms¯‹…Z¨vqb| ms¯‹„Z¨vq‡bi d‡j Lªxóag© gvby‡li Kv‡Q MÖnYxq nq| Avi¤¢ †_‡KB
LªxógÛjx‡Z ms¯‹…Z¨vqb cwijw¶Z nq| c„w_exi GK cÖvš— †_‡K Ab¨ cÖvš— ch©š— Lªx‡ói g½imgvPvi
cÖPvwiZ n‡q‡Q Ges GL‡bv n‡”Q| ms¯‹…Z¨vqb gva¨‡gB GZ msL¨K RvwZ-‡Mvôxi gvby‡li
Kv‡Q LªxóevYx cÖPvi Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q | myZivs Lªxóa‡g© ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi `xN©
HwZnvwmK, HkZvwË¡K I cvjKxq w`K i‡q‡Q|
mnvqK MÖš’vejx:
§ Saldanha, Julian, S.J, Inculturation.
St. Paul Bombay
§ cÖZxwZ, 28k el©, 1g msL¨v, Ryb,
2007|
§ 2q fvwUKvb gnvmfvi `wjjmg~n, dv:
d«vwÝm M‡gR mxgv (m¤úv`bv), 1990|
§ gÛjxi BwZnvm cwiwPwZ, Kgj Gb,
K¯—v (Abyev`), RvZxq ag©xq I mvgvwRK cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª, h‡kvi, 2001|
§ g½jevZ©v (cyivZb I bemwÜ),
KjKvZv|
[1] Inculturation: Julian Saldanha, S.J.,
St. Paul Publications, Bombay
[3] 2q fvwUKvb gnvmfvi `wjjmg~n: gÛjxi †cÖiYKvh©,
Aby‡”Q` 22, c„:453|
[9] cÖZxwZ:
c~Y¨ Dcvmbvq ms¯‹…Z¨vqb, c„: 19, 28k el©, 1g msL¨v, Ryb, 2007,
posted by Johnastine @ 23:42
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