Incultrurization

K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ ej‡Z wK eyS? evsjv‡`‡ki K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi wewfbœ w`K mgyn Av‡jvPbv Ki| K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡Yi m¤úK© wel` Av‡jvPbv Ki|

f~wgKv: Avgiv ev½vjx, evsjv Avgv‡`i fvlv| G evsjv fvlv‡K iÿv Kivi Rb¨, ev½vjx ms¯‹…wZ‡K cÖwZwóZ Kivi Rb¨ eû Z¨vM-¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q, w`‡Z n‡q‡Q wÎk jÿ¨ ev½vjxi ey‡Ki ZvRv i³| AvR Avgiv ¯^vaxY| ¯^vaxY fv‡eB M‡o D‡V‡Q Avgv‡`i evs†`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ| Avgv‡`i †`‡k wewfbœ a‡g©i †jvK †hgb- wn›`y, gymjgvb, ‰ev×, Lªxóvb eûw`b a‡i GK mv‡_ emevm K‡i Avm‡Q| wn›`y, gymjgvb, ˆev×, Lªxóvb wfbœ wfbœ ag© m‡›`n †bB, wKš‘ Avgv‡`i me‡P‡q eo cwiPq Avgiv evs½vjx, evsjv Avgv‡`i fvlv, Avgv‡`i ms¯‹…wZ| Avgv‡`i †h ms¯‹…wZ I HwZn¨ G‡`‡k M‡o D‡V‡Q Zv Rjevq~i gZ mnR| G ms¯‹…wZ wjL‡Z nq bv, wb‡R †_‡K wjwL‡q †`q, †KD †UiI cvqbv †h ¯^‡`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ ev HwZn¨ Zv‡K wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q| G‡`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ †Kvb GKwU we‡kl a‡g©i Øviv cÖfvweZ nq bvB, eis wewfbœ a‡g©i HwZ‡n¨i wgj‡bi d‡j Gi weKvk I cÖKvk mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i cªvZ¨wnK Rxeb hvÎv, AvPvi-Abyôvb, mvgvwRK I agx©q wek¦vm, m½xZ, b„Z¨, ixwZ-bxwZ, wkÿv-`xÿv, wPšÍv-Kíbv, a¨vY-aviYv, †cvkvK-cwi‡”Q`, fvlvbyfzwZ BZ¨vw` Avgv‡`i †`‡ki K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi AšÍifz³| Z‡e wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi ‡fŠMwjK Ae¯’vb, cwi‡ek-cwiw¯’wZ, AvenvIqv, cÖf„wZi Kvi‡Y †`‡k †`‡k wewfbœ †Mv‡Îi gvby‡li AvPvi-e¨envi, Pvj-Pj‡b, K_v-evZ©vq, wPšÍv-avivq, Z_v mvwe©K Rxebavivq wfbœZv cwijwÿZ nq- hv‡K ÒK…wó-ms¯‹…wZi ˆekv`„k¨Ó ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ ej‡Z †Kvb RvwZ ev †Mv‡Îi ïay †Kvb GKwU w`K‡K wb‡`©k K‡i bv, eis gvbeRxe‡bi mvgwMÖK w`K‡KB eySv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ cÖwZwU RvwZ I ‡Mv‡Îi †eu‡P _vKv I Aw¯Í‡Z¡i cÖkœ IZ‡cÖvZ fv‡e RwoZ| †mB Kvi‡Y †Kvb RvwZ ev †Mv‡Îi K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi Aeÿq †mB RvwZ ev †Mv‡Îi aŸsmB wb‡`©k K‡i _v‡K| Avi GB aes‡mi nvZ †_‡K GKgvÎ ms¯‹„Z¨vqYB D×vi Ki‡Z cv‡i| KviY ms¯‹…Z¨vqY †`‡ki K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ‡K a‡i ivL‡Z ¸iæË¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡KZ|

2. A_© I msÁv: evsjv Òms¯‹…wZÓ kãwU Bs‡iRx cÖwZkã nj ÒKvjPviÓ| Òms¯‹…wZ kãwU bZzb MwVZ, Gi e¨envi cÖvq cÂvk wK lvU eQ‡ii g‡Zv|Ó [1] Zvi c~‡e© ÒKvjPviÓ Gi cÖwZkã wn‡m‡e KL‡bv ÔAbykxjbÕ KL‡bv ev Ômf¨ZvÕ Avevi KL‡bv ev ÔK…wóÕ kã e¨envi Kiv nq| ÒK…wóÓ kãwU APj bv n‡jI ÒKvjPviÓ Gi cÖwZkã wn‡m‡e Òms¯‹…wZÓ kãUvB GLb eûj cÖPwjZ n‡q †M‡Q| ms¯‹…wZ GKwU ˆe‡`K kã| GB kãwUi g‡a¨ gvby‡li K…wói ev m„wóg~jK mwµq cÖqv‡mi GKwU Bw½Z Av‡Q e‡j Zv mKj hy‡Mi gvby‡li Rb¨ Dc‡hvwM| Z‡e †h Kvi‡bB †nvK ÒKvjPviÓ cÖwZkã-iæ‡c K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ kãwUi cÖPjb A‡bK †ekx|

ms¯‹…wZ ej‡Z wK eywS? G cÖ‡kœi Dˇi Avgv‡`i g‡b †h QwewU †f‡m D‡V Zv n‡jv Kve¨, Mvb, wkí, `k©b RwbZ a¨vb-aviYv BZ¨vw`| †KD ev g‡b K‡ib AvPvi-Abyôvb, f`ªZv, wkóvPvi ev †mB m¤ú©Kxq a¨vb-avibv, ixwZ-bxwZ BZ¨vw` n‡jv ms¯‹…wZ| Avevi †KDev G‡`i g‡a¨ †Kvb GKwU‡KB ms¯‹…wZ, e‡j g‡b K‡iY| †hgb- ag©B n‡jv ms¯‹…wZ ev f`ªZv A_ev wkóvPviB ms¯‹…wZ|  Av”Qv hv‡nvK GLb Avgiv †`L‡ev  wewfbœ ms¯‹…wZwe`iv wKfv‡e  wewfbœ `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K ms¯‹…wZ‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb|

wewfvbœ ms¯‹…wZwe`iv wewfbœ `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K ‡hfv‡e ms¯‹…wZ‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb Zvi GKUv mswÿß eb©bv wb‡gœ †`qv nj|

(K) myKzgvi wkí-Kjv

ms¯‹„wZi K_v hLb ewj ev ïwb ZLb †h aviYvwU Avgv‡`i g‡b cÖ_g Av‡m Zv n‡jv wbw`ó RbM‡bi myKzgvi wkí-Kjv (Art), ‡hgb- wkí, mvwnZ¨, wPÎv¼b, fv¯‹h©, ¯’vcZ¨, m½xZ, b„Z¨, bvUK, BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv GKwU RvwZi ms¯‹…wZi cÖZ¨ÿ Awfe¨w³|

(L) b„Z‡Ë¡i `„wó‡KvY

ms¯‹…wZ m¤^‡Ü Av‡jvPbv cÖms‡½ b„ZË¡we`iv we‡kl K‡i Ávb, wek¦vm, Kjvwe`¨v, mvgvwRK ixwZ-bxwZ I AvBb-Kvbyb, ‰bwZK bxwZ, ev¯Íe Rxe‡bi ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK KvVv‡gv, e¨e¯’v I Zvi Kvh©µg, cÖf…wZi D‡jøL K‡i _v‡Kb| ZvQvov G‡`i g‡Z KvíwbK DcvL¨vb, agx©q Abyôvb-c×wZ I ‡jvK-cve©b ms¯‹…wZiB AšÍf©y³|

(M) mgvRZvwË¡K `„wó‡KvY

ms¯‹…wZi m¤ú` wn‡m‡e mgvRZË¡we`iv gvby‡li Avkv-AvKv•Lv, ¯^cœ-Kíbv, bxwZ‡eva, g~j¨‡eva I Avkx©ev`‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q _v‡Kb, †Kbbv G¸‡jvi DrcwË n‡”Q ms¯‹…wZ Avevi G¸‡jvB ms¯‹…wZi DbœwZ mvaK|

(N) gvby‡li ev¯Íe Rxeb-msMÖvg

gvby‡li ‰`bw›`b Rxe‡bi msMÖvg ms¯‹…wZi GKUv †gŠwjK w`K| msMÖvggq Rxe‡bi ga¨ w`‡q cÖKvk cvq gvby‡li Mfxi Avkv-AvKv•Lv, mgm¨v-msKU I Ø›Ø-msNvZ| gvby‡li GB msMÖv‡gi wZbwU w`K Av‡Q- Avw_©K, mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK| Avi G¸‡jvi Dci wfwË K‡iB GKUv ms¯‹…wZi †gŠwjK KvVv‡gv M‡o D‡V| G‡`i DrcwË gvby‡li †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb †_‡K| †jv‡Ki msMÖvggq Rxe‡bi evwn¨K cÖKvk N‡U mgv‡Ri wµqvKv‡Û Ges GB wµqvKvÛB ms¯‹…wZi cwi‡ek, m¤ú` I Awfe¨w³ wba©viY K‡i|

hw` wek`fv‡e ewj ej‡Z nq ms¯‹…wZ n‡jv- mgv‡Ri mgMÖ e¨envwiK cÖwµqv hv mvgvwRKfv‡e n¯ÍvšÍwiZ nq, hvi R‡b¨ wewfbœ cÖZxK wP‡üi `iKvi| gvby‡li mgMÖ m„wói wewfbœ bvg, †hgb- fvlv, Kjv, mvwnZ¨, weÁvb, AvBb, `k©b, ivóª, ˆbwZKZv, ag©, ZvQvov mgMÖ hš¿cvwZ I e¨envwiK `ªe¨vw` Ges GB mg¯Í `ªe¨ wbgv©‡bi mg¯Í we`¨v, HwZn¨, ixwZ- cÖ_v, g~j¨‡eva, cÖwZôvb, Abyôvb G¸‡jv meB c‡o K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi AvIZvq|

evsjvi ms¯‹…wZ‡K Avgiv cÖavbZ wZb fv‡M fvM Ki‡Z cvwi:

(K) bMi ms¯‹…wZ- GB ms¯‹„wZ‡Z AvaywbKZv ev cvðv‡Z¨i Qvc jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| wkí e¨emv-evwbR¨ , ivR‰bwZK, A_©| A_©ˆbwZK Rxeb‡K †K›`ª K‡i †`k-we‡`‡ki mwnZ Aeva †gjv †gkvi d‡j wewfbœ †`‡ki ivR‰bwZ GgbwK e¨envh©¨ wRwbm cÎ ch©šÍ Avgv‡`i †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Xz‡K c‡o‡Q| bM‡i Ae¯’vbKvix gvbyl MÖvg esjvi mvaviY gvby‡li †P‡q AvPvi-e¨envi, K_v-eZv©  Avjv`v| Zv‡`i ms¯‹…wZi aviv wKQzUv K…wÎgZvi Qvc i‡q‡Q|

(L) †jvK ms¯‹…wZ- MÖvg evsjvi mnR mij gvbyl hv‡`i evB‡ii RM‡Zi wel‡q †Kvb Ávb †bB ev †hvMv‡hvM †bB, Zviv Zv‡`i cÖPwjZ Rxeb avivq cÖvPxb ms¯‹…wZ ev HwZn¨ jvjb K‡i Avm‡Q| cyivZb ixwZ-bxwZ, wek¦vm, AvPvi-e¨envi Zv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Kv‡R cÖKvk cvq GLbI|

(M) Avw`g ms¯‹…wZ- Avw`evwm DcRvwZi ms¯‹…wZ hv c‡ivgvÎv iÿYkxj I mbvZb cš’x| Zviv Av‡Rv Zv‡`i ag©, AvPvi-Abyôv‡b wek¦v‡m, Rxeb ixwZ‡Z kª×vkxj I wbôvevb| Avw`g Rxeb avivq c~e© cyiæl‡`i Ae`vb‡K kª×vi m‡½ enb K‡i Pj‡Q|

3. ˆewkó¨: K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi wbR¯^ GKUv ˆewkó¨ Av‡Q †hgb- (1) ms¯‹…wZ wkÿ‡Z ev AR©b Ki‡Z nq, (2) gvbweK Aw¯Í‡Z¡i ˆRweK, cwi‡ekMZ, gb¯ÍvwË¡K I HwZnvwmK Dcv`vi n‡Z K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ M„nxZ, (3) ms¯‹…wZ KvVv‡gvwfwËK, (4) ms¯‹…wZ Zvi wewfbœgyLx Ask Abyhvqx wefvRb‡hvM¨, (5) ms¯‹…wZ cwieZ©bxq|

4. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ: wb‡gœ  evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb cÖavb K‡qKwU K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ mswÿß AvKv‡i Zz‡j aiv nj-

fvlv- evsjv fvlv GKwU mg„×kvjx fvlv| GB fvlvq evsjv ms¯‹…wZ,HwZn¨ ¯^v_© I RvZxqZv wbwnZ| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ Avgv‡`i Mv‡b, K_v, M‡í, iƒcKvwnbx, mvwn‡Z¨ cÖKvk cvq| fvlv‡K mgvR †_‡K wewQbœ Kiv hvq bv, fvlvi gva¨‡g GKwU mgv‡Ri wPÎ cÖwZdwjZ nq KviY fvlv gvby‡li mgvR e¨e¯’v, agx©q a¨vb aviYv, wkíe¯—y, m½xZ cÖf…wZi mv‡_ wbweo m¤úK© i‡q‡Q|Ò fvlv †hgb ms¯‹…wZi weKv‡ki evnb †Zgwb fvlv wb‡RB ms¯‹…wZi GKwU A½u|Ó[2] gvbe g‡bi fve ivwki evnb fvlv Ges Zvi evn¨iƒc wPÎKjv, fv¯‹h©-†jLv, GB me fvlvi cÖZxK|

c‡njv ˆekvL- evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl Drme wcÖq| Avb›` I Drm‡ei ga¨ w`‡q Rxeb KvUv‡Z fvjev‡m| ZvB‡Zv Avgiv evsjv‡`‡k bvbv ai‡bi Drme ev cvjv cve©b †`L‡Z cvB, hv ag© eY© wbwe‡k‡l mK‡j GK cÖvY n‡q cvjb K‡i _v‡K †hgb- c‡njv ˆekvL| c‡njv ‰ekvL ev beel© evs½vjxi K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi HwZ‡n¨i Drme| evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo Drme Ges bMi Rxe‡bi †cÖÿvc‡U RbwcÖq ms¯‹…wZi MwZkxj cÖKvk| GwU GKwU mve©Rbxb Drme Ges Zvrch©c~Y© cÖPwjZ ixwZ| GB Drm‡e mevB GKB we›`y‡Z †K›`ªxfzZ nq| cyivZb‡K ev` w`‡q bZzb‡K Mªnb Kivi Awfjv‡l gvbyl gË n‡q D‡V| GB w`bwU evsjvi gvbyl wewfbœ fv‡e Drhvcb K‡i _v‡K †hgb- MÖvg-M‡Ä, bM‡i , e¨emvqxiv nvjLvZv K‡i| GQvovI GB w`bwU Avb›` gyLi Kivi Rb¨ wewebœ RvqMvq ˆekvLx †gjvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| GwU g~jZ mve©Rbxb †jvKR †gjv| GB †gjvq wewfbœfv‡e evsjvi K…wó-ms¯‹…‡K dzwU‡q †Zvjv nq| †hgb- Rvwi-mvwi, evwUqvwj, evDj, cvjv Mvb, cyZzj bvP,bvUK| HwZn¨evZx ev½vjx †cvkvK- jvj cv‡oi mv`v kvwo, nv‡ZPzwo, †Lvcvq dzj, Mjvq dz‡ji gvjv, Kcv‡j wUc, cvRvgv,cvÂvwe, aywZ, Bwjm-cvšÍv, wPov-gywo, `B, ¸o AviI KZ wKQz Zviv †Kvb wn‡me †bB| GB w`‡b cwiev‡i †QvUiv eo‡`i KvQ †_‡K Avkx©ev` MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|

bevbœ- evsjv‡`‡ki K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ‡Z bZzb av‡bi GKwU cÖavb Drme n‡”Q bevbœ, Ges GUv Av‡qvwRZ nq AMÖvqY gv‡m hLb cÖPzi dmj N‡i Av‡m| GB mgq cvKvavb gvovB‡qi Rb¨ N‡i †Zvjv nq| evwo evwo bZzb Pv‡ji dm‡ji wcVv ˆZix K‡i cvUvjx ¸o w`‡q Ges  †g‡qiv bZzb Pv‡ji  wcVv LRy‡ii im I `y‡a wewR‡q mKj‡K Avc¨vq‡b e¨¯Í n‡q c‡o| GB mgq evwo evwo †XwK‡Z wPov †KvUvi kã †kvbv hvq| GB mgq me©Î Avb‡›`i evb Wv‡K| MÖvg M‡Ä R‡g I‡V nvWzWz †Ljv, lv‡oi jovB BZ¨vw`|

RvZxq w`em-  GKz‡k ev knx` w`em, ¯^vaxbZv w`em, weRq w`em| GUvi wcQ‡b  wQj g~jZ evsjv‡`‡ki evOvjx‡`i ms¯‹…wZi weiæ‡× GKwU loh›`ª| Avi G‡Z †h evOvwji AZzjbxq Z¨vM ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡q‡P Zv evsjvi BwZnv‡m GK weij NUbv| ZvB GB w`b ¸‡jv‡K AvRI evsjvi gvwU‡Z ag©, eY©, wbwe©‡k‡l AZ¨šÍ fveMv¤¢x‡h©i m‡½ cvjb Kiv nq| Avi Zv cvjb Ki‡Z wM‡q †mLv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ cwijwÿZ nq|

†jvKb„Z¨- eZ©gv‡b †h †Kvb a‡g©i †h †Kvb Abyôv‡b, Drm‡e †M‡jB †`Lv hvq wewfbœ ai‡bi b„Z¨| ÒAvgv‡`i †`‡k Ggb KZ¸‡jv Abyôvb Av‡Q ‡hgb- knx` w`em, ¯^vaxbZv w`em, bRiæj RqšÍx, iex›`ª Rb¥evwl©Kx BZ¨vw` Abyôv‡b †Kej gvÎ †Kvb we‡kl a‡g©i †jv‡Kiv b„‡Z¨ Ask †bq bv eis mKj a‡g©i †jv‡Kiv mgvb fv‡e Ask wb‡q _v‡K| Ó[3]

†`kxq m½xZ- AvR Avgv‡`i †`‡k N‡i N‡i m½x‡Zi myi †kvbv hvq| G‡`‡ki gvbyl my‡L `yt‡L, cÖvPz‡h© Afv‡e mKj mg‡qB m½x‡Zi g‡a¨ gË _v‡K| ü`‡qi g‡a¨ †h e¨_v, †h `ytL Ges Avb›` mwÂZ n‡q _v‡K Zv iƒc †`q m½x‡Zi gva¨‡g| fvwUqjx, evDj, KxZ©b, iex›`ª m½xZ,

‡`kxq ea¨hš¿- †h mg¯Í ev`¨-hš¿ Avgv‡`i †`‡k mKj a‡g©i †jv‡Kiv cÖ‡qvM K‡i _v‡K †m¸‡jv n‡jv-GKZviv, ‡`vZviv, mvwi›`v, XvK-†Xvj, †Lvj, WzMWzwM, LÄix, Rywo, KiZvj, nvigwb, Zejv, evwku, BZ¨vw` eûw`b a‡i Gmg¯Í ev`¨-hš¿ Avgv‡`i †`‡k ms¯‹…wZ‡Z cÖPwjZ n‡q Avm‡Q| ZvB GB ev`¨-hš¿ ¸‡jv †`‡ki †Kvb GKK m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ bq eis G¸‡jv †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZi m¤ú`| Avi GB ev`¨-hš¿ ¸‡jv †Kej gvÎ agx©q AvPvi Abyôv‡bB e¨envi nq bv, G¸‡jv bv‡P, KxZ©‡b I Ab¨vb¨ Avm‡i e¨envi nq|

wPÎ I bKkv- cÖKvk ixwZ I m„wóK‡g©i wePv‡i wPÎKjv I bKkv ÒAvZ¥ ms¯‹…wZiÓ AšÍf~©³| gvbe Ávb I AwfÁZv GK m„wókxj AbyfzwZi †cÖiYvq iO w`‡q g~wZ© w`‡q Zvi gvbm dmj‡K Zz‡j a‡i| Avi G wPÎ I bKkvi g‡a¨ †Kvb mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv †bB| wn›`y, gymjgvb, †eŠ×, Lªxóvb mevB cÖvwPb Kvj n‡Z wPÎ bKkv K‡i Avm‡Q, †hgb-  cÙ, mRxe MvQ, †cuPv‡bv dzj BZ¨vw`| cÙ evsjvi wbR¯^ dzj| ‡Xvev, Lvj-we‡j cÙ kvcjvi AšÍ †bB| GQvovI Avgv‡`i †`‡k Ggb AviI KZ¸‡jv wRwbm Av‡Q, †hgb- bKkx Kvu_v, bKkx cvLv, bKkx wkKv, bKkx cyZzj, Avjcbv Kjmx wPÎ, A½wPÎ cÖf…wZ mKj a‡g©i †jv‡Kiv ïay ˆZix K‡i bv eis G¸‡jv e¨enviI K‡i _v‡K|

‡`kxq ‡cvkvK- †`kxq †cvkvK ‡hgb- gwnjv†`i /†g‡q‡`i Rb¨ kvwo-eøvDm, ‡køqvi-KvwgR, Ges cyiæl‡`i/†Q‡j‡`i Rb¨ jyw½-mv©U, ayywZ, cvÄvwe BZ¨vw` †`kxq †cvkvK evsjvi ms¯‹…wZi GKwU eo `vb| G¸‡jv e¨envi AvR kniv‡j †ekx †`Lv bv †M‡jI MÖvg A‡j G¸‡jv GLbI e¨cK fv‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q Ges ‡`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ‡K GLI wUwK‡q †i‡L‡Q|

AvwZ‡_qZv- evsjv‡`‡ki K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi GKwU eo w`K n‡”Q AvwZ‡_qZv eiY| esjv‡`‡ki gvbyl AwZw_ wcÖq| MÖv‡gi †Kvb evwo‡Z Kv‡iv AwZ_xi AvMgb NU‡j Zv‡K ev Zv‡`i mgv`‡i MÖnY K‡ib †h evwo‡Z AwZw_ AvMgb K‡i‡Q ïay gvÎ H evwoi gvbylB Zv‡K Avc¨vqb K‡i bv, eis H MÖv‡gi A‡b‡K Zv‡K Avc¨vqb Ki‡Z Av‡m| 

  

‡`kR `ªevw`- evsjv‡`‡ki K„wó-ms¯‹…wZ‡Z †`‡ki †`kR `ªevw`i e¨envi LyeB jÿbxq| †hgb- gv`y‡ii K_vB ejv hvK| gv`yi wewQ‡q myLvm‡b e‡m evs‡`‡ki gvbyl c~Rv-Avivabv K‡i _v‡K| †KD †KD e‡j GUv wn›`y ixwZ| wKš‘ GUv evsjvi-ag© wbwe©‡k‡l †KvwU †KvwU gvby‡li emvi fw½| †Zgbx- avb, `yev©, Kjmx, njy`, wm`yi, wcwo, kxZj cvwU, ayc-aybv, aycviwZ, cy®cviwZ, BZ¨vw`  evsjvi `ªe¨vw` hv †`‡ki me gvbylB wewfbœ AvPvi-Abyôv‡b e¨envi K‡i _v‡K| Avm‡j Avgiv hw` wbi‡cÿfv‡e wPšÍv Kwi Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h, †Kvb `ªe¨ ev †Kvb wPü †Kvb GKUv a‡g©i GKvšÍ wbR¯^ m¤úwZ bq eis GUv †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZMZ, G¸‡jv †h †Kvb a‡g© A_©c~Y©fv‡e e¨envi n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- dzj wn›`y gymjgvb, †eŠ×, Lªxóvb mevB ‡h †Kvb Abyôv‡b dzj e¨envi K‡i _v‡K|

Mv‡q njy`- evsjvi wK wn›`y, wK gymjgvb Dfq mgv‡R Mªvg I kn‡ii abx- wbab, D”P-wbP, wkwÿZ-AwkwÿZ mKj cwiev‡i weevn Drm‡e Mv‡q njy` GKwU Acwinvh© Abyôvb| weev‡ni cÖ¯Íve cvKvcvwK n‡j wee‡ni mvZ A_ev wZb w`b Av‡M †_‡K njy` gvLvb Abyôvb ïiæ nq| ei-K‡bi ¯^ ¯^ M„‡n AvPviwU AbywôvZ nq| wcwo ev cvwU‡Z ewm‡q AvZ¥xqviv njy` gvLvb| wcwo ev cvwU evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU Ab¨Zg K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ| e¯‘Zt Mv‡q njy` evsjvi AÜms¯‹vi bq, G‡Z gvby‡li iæwP I †mŠ›`h©‡eva, ïwP I ï×Zv †evaK cwiPq enb K‡i| ¯’vb‡f‡` GB AbyôvbwUi wewfbœ bvg Av‡Q †hgb- e¸ov, h‡kvni I dwi`cyi †Rjvq Gi bvg Ònj`x evUvÓ| Avevi iscy‡i Gi bvg ÒKzwo †`IqvÓ Ges gqgbwms‡n ,†ZjBÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ|

cvbwLwj- Avcvgi ev½vjxi wK e¨envwiK Rxe‡b wK mvs¯‹…wZK Rxe‡b cvbw`i e¨envi mycwiwPZ| cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB cvb-ZvgvK evsjv‡`‡ki K„wó-ms¯‹…wZi A½ wnmv‡e P‡j Avm‡Q| G †`‡ki K…wl mf¨Zvi aviK Aw÷ªK †Mvwói †jv‡Kiv wejvm-e¨mb I Drme Abyôv‡b cvb-mycvwi e¨envi KiZ| Kv‡j Kv‡j ag© I m¤cÖ`vq †f‡` wewfbœ Dcj‡ÿ Gi Dc‡hvwMZv I Kvh©KvwiZv cÖmvi jvf K‡i| gvby‡li Rxe‡b bvbv ¯Í‡i cv‡bi e¨envi Av‡Q- Avnvi-wenv‡i cvb, Avgš¿‡b cvb, ms¯‹v‡i cvb, Zš¿-g‡š¿ cvb, GK K_vq evsjv‡`‡ki K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ‡Z cvb GKwU wewkó ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i Av‡Q|

5. ms¯‹…Z¨vqY

GK K…wói gvbyl Avi GK K…wói gvby‡li mv‡_ emevm K‡i H K…wói RbM‡bi mv‡_ GKvË¡ nevi Rb¨ mnR-mij fv‡e wb‡Ri K…wói ïf g~j¨ †eva, mvwnZ¨, PviæKjv, AvPvi-Abyôvb BZ¨vw` †mB RbM‡bi mv‡_ mn‡hvwMZv/mnfvwMZv K‡ib Ges Zv‡`i K…wói GKB welq¸‡jv wb‡RI MÖnY K‡ib| GB cÖwÎqv‡K ms¯‹…Z¨vqY ejv nq| ms¯‹…Z¨vqY njt `y‡Uv ms¯‹…wZi msjvc| a‡g©i `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, ms¯‹…Z¨vqY njt `y‡Uv a‡g©i msjvc| Ò1977 m‡b AbywôZ wekc‡`i PZz_© wmb‡Wi `wj‡j cª_g ev‡ii gZ Ôms¯‹…Z¨vqYÕ kãwU e¨envi Kiv nq Ges eZ©gv‡b Gi cÖPjb eûj Ôms¯‹…Z¨vqYÕ kãwUi g‡a¨ gvbe Rxe‡bi mvgMÖxK mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK I agx©q mË¡ wbwnZ i‡q‡Q|Ó[4]

6. ˆewkó¨

ms¯‹Z¨vq‡bi wKQz ‰ewkó¨ jÿ¨bxq wb‡gœ ˆewkó¨ Zv Zz‡j aiv nj- ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi A_© bZzb m„wó bq eis †`kxq ms¯‹„wZ‡K wfbœ ms¯‹…wZi cÖfve RvZ Aeÿq n‡Z iÿv Kiv Ges †`kxq ms¯‹…wZi nvwi‡q hvIqv‡K cybiæ×vi K‡i weKvk mvab Kiv I PPv© Kiv| ZvB ms¯‹…Z¨vqY ej‡Z eySvq †`kxq ms¯‹…wZ‡K Aeÿ‡qi nvZ †_‡K iÿv K‡i weKwkZ Kiv Ges Avgv‡`i AvPvi-AvPib, ixwZ-bxwZ, A_©vr Rxeb c×wZ‡Z e¨eni I PP©v Kiv|

6.1. mvavibZ DbœZ mgv‡Ri K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ ev Rxeb hvÎv ˆewkó¨ AbœybZ mgv‡R AbycÖ‡ek K‡i|

6.2. mvavibZ AbœybZ mgvR DbœZ mgv‡Ri Rxeb-hvÎv ˆewkó¨ mv`‡i MÖnY K‡i|

6.3. cÖ‡Z¨KwU DbœZ wKsev AbœybZ mgv‡RB ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi d‡j mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ nviv‡Z cv‡i|

6.4. †hvMv‡hv‡Mi e¨e¯’v Ges wkÿv`xÿvi cÖmvi NU‡j ms¯‹…Z¨vqb N‡U _v‡K|

6.5. ms¯‹…Z¨vqb nIqvi d‡j K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi mKj ‰ewkó¨ †h MÖnY †hvM¨ n‡e Zv bq, ms¯‹…wZi wKQz wKQz Ask MÖnY ‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i wKsev wKQz cwiewZ©Z ev cwiewa©Z n‡q Zv M„nxZ n‡Z cv‡i|

6.6. ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi cÖkœwU ZLb Av‡m, hLb †Kvb GKwU Rb‡Mvwói GKwU Ask ev mgwó wb‡R‡`i †fZ‡i wbR¯^ ms¯‹…wZi Afve †eva K‡i|

7. K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ I ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡Yi g‡a¨ m¤úK©: K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ I ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡Yi g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K©i K_v ej‡Z †M‡jB Gi g‡a¨ wKQz wKQz mv`„k¨ Ges ˆemv`„‡k¨i K_v D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq|

8. mv`„k¨: K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ I ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡Yi g‡a¨ †h me mv`„k¨/wgj jÿ¨ Kiv hvq †m¸‡jv n‡”Q-

v K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ I ms¯‹…Z¨vq G‡K Ac‡i m¤úK© hy³| K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi Qvov ms¯‹…Z¨vqb m¤¢e bq Ges ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi g‡a¨ wewfbœ K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|

v K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ ej‡Z †hgb- gveb Rxe‡bi me w`K‡K eySv‡bv n‡q _v‡K, †Zgbx  ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi g‡a¨I gvbe Rxe‡bi mvgwMÖK w`K wbwnZ i‡q‡Q|

v K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ cwieZ©bkxj ZvB ms¯‹…wZ †hw`‡K Movq ms¯‹…Z¨vqbI †mw`‡K hvq|

v K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi mËvMZ Dcv`vb †hgb eûwea, ms¯‹„Z¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡ÎI †ZgbB eûwea I eûgyLx|

9. ˆemv`„k¨: K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ I ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡Yi g‡a¨ †h me ˆemv`„k¨/Awgj jÿ¨ Kiv hvq †m¸‡jv n‡”Q-

K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ 1| K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ GKwU mv`„k¨ eskMZ Dcv`vb, GwU DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cvIqv| GKwU mZš¿ †jvK Zvi mgvR †_‡K †h wek¦vm, ixwZ, Kjv ‡KŠkj, Lv`¨fvm BZ¨vw` mgwó‡K Avgiv ms¯‹…wZ e‡j Rvwb| 2| K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ n‡”Q gvby‡li †MvUv Rxeb e¨e¯’v| 3| K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi gva¨‡g ms¯‹…wZi Mfxi mË¡vq cÖ‡ek Kiv m¤¢e| 4| K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi wfwˇZ gvbe mgvR‡K †kªYx web¨¯Í Kiv hvq| cÖ‡Z¨KUv mgv‡Ri wbR¯^ ¯^Zš¿ ms¯‹…wZ i‡q‡Q| fvlv, cÖ_v, agx©q wek¦vm, Lv`¨fvm, †cvkvK ixwZbxwZ, AvPvi-Abyôvb BZ¨vw`| hZMy‡jv mgvR Av‡Q ZZ¸‡jv K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ Av‡Q| 5| K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ nj Rxeb-hvÎv c×wZ| 6| K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ ‡Kvb gvby‡li wb‡Ri m„wó bv, eis AZxZ †_‡K DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cvIqv e¯—yi gZ Zvi Kv‡Q G‡m‡Q| 7| K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi wµqv MZ w`K nj- mvgvwRKxKiY cÖwµqv, A_v©r ms¯‹…wZ ˆkke n‡Z gvbyl‡K AvPvi-AvPib, cÖ_v, ixwZ-bxwZ, g~j¨‡eva, ‰bwZK wkÿv w`‡q e¨w³‡K mvgvwRK f~wgKv cvj‡b mÿg K‡i †Zv‡j|

ms¯‹…Z¨vqb 1| GK K…wói gvbyl Avi GK K…wói gvby‡li mv‡_ emevm K‡i H K…wói RbM‡bi mv‡_ GKvË¡ nevi Rb¨ mnR-mij fv‡e wb‡Ri K…wói ïf g~j¨ †eva, mvwnZ¨, PviæKjv, AvPvi-Abyôvb BZ¨vw` †mB RbM‡bi mv‡_ mn‡hvwMZv/mnfvwMZv K‡ib Ges Zv‡`i K…wói GKB welq¸‡jv wb‡RI MÖnY K‡ib| GB cÖwÎqv‡K ms¯‹…Z¨vqY ejv nq| 2| ms¯‹…Z¨vqb nIqvi d‡j ms¯‹…wZi mKj ˆewkó¨ †h MÖnY ‡hvM¨ n‡e Zv bq, ms¯‹…wZi wKQz Ask MÖnY †hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i ev wKQz cwiewZ©Z ev cwiewa©Z n‡q Zv M„ZxZ n‡Z cv‡i| 3| ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡Yi gva¨‡g ms¯‹…wZi wKQz wKQz welq wbR ¯^v‡_© MÖnY Kiv nq| 4| Aci w`‡K ms¯‹…Z¨v‡Yi gva¨‡g gvbe mgvR‡K †kªYx web¨¯Í Kiv hvq bv| 5| Aci w`‡K ms¯‹…Z¨vqY nj Lvc LvIqv‡bvi cÖYvjx| 6| ms¯‹…Z¨vqb gvby‡li wb‡Ri m„wó| 7| ms¯‹…Z¨vqY nj g~jZ- ¯’vbxqKi‡YiB cÖwµqv|

  

10. Dcmsnvi: ‡h †Kvb ‡`k I RvwZi m„wói g~j †mvcvb Zv‡`i wbR¯^ K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ| K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ wenxb †h †Kvb RvwZ DbœwZi Pig wkL‡i †cŠQ‡Z cv‡ibv| Avi G K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ †h †Kvb RvwZ‡K ¯^Zš¿ ivL‡Z mnvqZv `vb K‡i _v‡K| cÖ‡Z¨KUv RvwZiB wbR¯^ GKUv ms¯‹…wZ Av‡Q; hvi Øviv wb‡R‡`i gvbgh©v`v‡K A¶zbœ ivL‡Z mÿg n‡q‡P| Avi GB ms¯‹…wZi g~j jÿ¨ n‡jv cÖK…wZi m‡½ msMÖv‡g gvbyl‡K Rqx Kiv, Zv‡`i AMÖmi K‡i †`qv, kw³kvjx K‡i †Zvjv|  evsj‡`‡ki K…wó-ms¯‹…wZI bvbvb AvPvi-Abyôv‡b ficyi| ev½jxi †MvUv RxebUvB ‰ewPÎgq ms¯‹…wZ| evs‡`‡ki gvby‡li mvwe©K Rxeb e¨e¯’vq Avgiv Gi cÖKvk †`L‡Z cvB| gvby‡li Rxe‡bi Ggb †Kvb ¯’vb †bB †hLv‡b ms¯‹…wZi cÖKvk †bB| wKš‘ cwiZv‡ci welq n‡”Q- evsjv‡`‡ki GB g~j¨evY m¤ú` †hb AvR Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í nvwi‡q hv‡”Q| K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ cÖwZwU RvwZ I ‡Mv‡Îi †eu‡P _vKv I Aw¯Í‡Z¡i cÖkœ IZ‡cÖvZ fv‡e RwoZ| †mB Kvi‡Y †Kvb RvwZ ev †Mv‡Îi K…wó-ms¯‹…wZi Aeÿq ev nvwi‡q hvIqv gv‡b †mB RvwZ ev †Mv‡Îi aŸsmB wb‡`©k K‡i _v‡K| GB Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki K…wó-ms¯‹…wZ‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Acwiwmg| GB cwieZ©kxj mgv‡R GKgvÎ ms¯‹…Z¨vqYB †`‡ki wbR¯^ K…w÷-ms¯‹…wZ‡K a‡i evwP‡q ivL‡Z cv‡i| GB Rb¨ †h ‡Kvb mgv‡KR ev M‡Î ms¯‹…Z¨vq‡bi Acwimxg|

mnvqK MÖš’

1| W±i IqvwKj Avn&g`: ÒweevnÓ c`xcb, msL¨v-4, 1981, c„. 56-79|

2| dv`vi c¨vwUªK wW. †ivRvwiI wm.Gm.wm: Ôms¯‹…Z¨vqbÕ, msL¨v-4, 1981, c„. 253-283|

3| Imgvb, eyjeb: Òms¯‹…wZ I ms¯‹…wZZË¡Ó ¯^vaxb evsjv mvwnZ¨ cwil` 74 divkMÄ XvKv, 1977|

4| Bmjvg, wmivRyj, m¤úv`K: Òevsjv wcwWqvÓ 5g LÛ, evsjv‡`k GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU gvP©-2003|

5| Ave`yj nvwdR: †jvwKK ms¯‹vi I gvbe mgvR gy³ aviv 74 divR MÄ XvKv, 1975|

6| dv. evbvW© cvjgv (m¤úv`K): ÔcÖØxcbÕ 4_© LÛ, 3q msL¨v, 1981|

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[1] dv: evYv©W© cvjgv, (m¤úv`K): ÔcÖ`xcbÕ, 7g LÛ,3q msL¨v, 1984,c„ 213|

[2] eyjeb Imgvb: ms¯‹…wZ I ms¯‹…wZZË¡ c„.48|

[3] Ave`yj nvwdR: †jvwKK ms¯‹vi I gvbe mgvR gy³ aviv 74 divR MÄ XvKv,c„.24, 27|

[4] dv. evbvW© cvjgv (m¤úv`K): ÔcÖØxcbÕ 4_© LÛ, 3q msL¨v, c„. 257|