Pastoral Psychology in Bangla
cvjKxq
g‡bvwe`¨v †Kvm© - 1 Johnnatine cweÎ
AvZ¥vi †mwgbvwi
Gwi÷vUj wQ‡jb GKRb `vk©wbK Ges
wPwKrmK, wZwb wn‡cv‡µwU‡mi †`nMZ Ges gvbwmK Amy¯’Zvi c×wZ AbymiY K‡i‡Qb; wKš‘
fyjekZ wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h, eyw× gvby‡li Kg©Kv‡Êi cÖavb Drm bq, ürwcÊB cÖavb Drm|
Zvi c~e©m~wi Bgc¨v‡Wv‡K¬m `„pfv‡e wPšÍv Ki‡Zb †h gvby‡li wPšÍv Av‡m Zvi i³
†_‡K| hw`I gw¯Í®‹ e¨wZZ m‡PZbZv cÖwµqv N‡U bv| Avgv‡`i †`‡n †h †Kw›`ªq mœvqyZš¿
i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv g~jZt AmsL¨ wbDib (mœvqyAsk), bvf©‡mj (mœvqy †Kvl), dendrite (mœvqyZš¿), Ges Axon (GwU wbDib n‡Z
cÖmvwiZ n‡q †`‡ni g‡a¨ ¯ú›`b m„wó K‡i) w`‡q MwVZ| dendrite (mœvqyZš¿) †`L‡Z
Lye †QvU Ges Gi Drm nj mœvqy †Kvl| cÖwZwU wbDib †_‡K Axon wbM©Z nq| wKQy
wKQy Axon AvKv‡i LyeB †QvU/wPKb Avevi wKQy wKQy Axon AvKv‡i 3 dz‡UiI †ekx
j¤^v n‡q _v‡K| dendrite (mœvqyZš¿) ¸‡jv mvaviYZ msev` MÖnY K‡i Ges Axon ¸‡jv msev` †`‡ni wewfbœ As‡k‡cÖiY K‡i _v‡K| Avgv‡`i gw¯Í‡®‹ 20
wewjqb bvf©‡mj i‡q‡Q Ges 5 wewjqb bvf©‡mj Øviv ¯úvBbvjKW© (wbDib Gi mgwó, GwU
†gi“`ʇK cwiPvjbv K‡i) MwVZ evKx Zš¿¸‡jv kix‡ii mKj As‡ki mv‡_ hy³| GB
mœvqyZš¿¸‡jv cwiPvwjZ nq we`y¨Z I ivmvqwbK c`v_© Øviv| Axon I dendrite (mœvqyZš¿) ci¯úi
n‡Z wew”Qbœ _v‡K, Z‡e G‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU duvK i‡q‡Q, hv‡K e‡j Synapse (cÖvß mwbœKh©;
`ywU wbDib n‡Z Ab¨wU‡Z †h mœvqy cÖevn N‡U Zv‡K cÖvß mwbœKh© e‡j)| mvB‡bcm&
we`y¨‡Zi gZ ZwirMwZ‡Z †`‡ni wewfbœ Ask n‡Z msev` enb K‡i wb‡q Av‡m| wewfbœ ai‡bi
ivmvqwbK c`v_©, hv‡`i ejv nq mœvqy mÂvjK, mœvqyi KvR‡K `ª“Z ev axi MwZi K‡i
†`q| GB ivmvqwbK c`v_© mvB‡bcm& Gi duv‡K KvR K‡i| Ny‡gi mgqI Avgv‡`i
gw¯Í®‹/ brain Ges bvf©‡mj¸‡jv KvR K‡i; ïaygvÎ g„Zz¨i ci G‡`i KvR eÜ
n‡q hvq| msev` Axon Gi w`‡K PjvPj K‡i cÖwZ †m‡K‡Ê 395 dyU|
B‡jK‡Uªvb‡mc‡n‡jvMÖvg (Electroencephalogram) (EEG), B‡jKwUª‡Ki wgUv‡ii gZ gw¯Í‡®‹i mg¯Í KvRKg© †iKW© K‡i
iv‡L| GKRb m‡PZb e¨w³i †`‡ni g‡a¨ 1 †m‡K‡Ê 10 evi ¯ú›`b ˆZix K‡i| GB ¯ú›`‡bi
cwigvc Kiv nq hertz (1 hertz =1 †m‡KÊ) Øviv| Avevi 1
hertz =1 ¯ú›`b| Ny‡gi mgq Avgv‡`i gw¯Í®‹ 2 hertz ¯ú›`b ˆZix K‡i|
GKRb mwµq ev D‡ËwRZ e¨w³i gw¯Í®‹ 18-20 nviUm& ˆZix K‡i| hemorrhage Ges wUDgvi n‡j
†eªBb (gw¯Í®‹) mvaviYZ ax‡i ax‡i Ges AwbqwgZfv‡e ¯ú›`b ˆZix K‡i| gw¯Í‡®‹i KzwÄZ
(Brain Wave) Ask Av½y‡ji Qv‡ci gZ cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Avjv`v iK‡gi|
bvf©‡mj I wbDib¸‡jv †`‡ni Ab¨vb¨
†Kv‡li gZ cybivq ˆZix nq bv, ZvB †Kvbfv‡e hw` G¸‡jv AvNvZcÖvß nq Zvn‡j G¸‡jvi
A‡bK ¶wZ n‡q hvq ev G¸‡jv wb‡¯ÍR n‡q hvq| hemorrhage n‡j †`‡n Aw·‡R‡bi Afve †`Lv †`q Ges i³ PjvPj eÜ n‡q hvq;
ZvB G †ivM n‡j †ivMxi i³PjvPj‡K ¯^vfvweK ivLvi Rb¨ Zv‡K Aw·‡Rb I Møy‡KvR w`‡Z
n‡e|
Avgv‡`i gw¯Í‡®‹ mv`v I a~mi is Gi
`yÕai‡Yi e¯‘ Av‡Q| a~mi is Gi e¯‘wU wbDiY w`‡q MwVZ Ges mv`v e¯‘wU wMqv †mj
(we‡kl ai‡Yi †Kvl) w`‡q MwVZ| wMqv †mj wbDib Ges ¶wZKi cwieZ©b †_‡K i¶v K‡i|
GUvI nq †h Zviv cywó mieivn K‡i Ges Dw”Qóvsk mwi‡q †d‡j| mv`v e¯‘ Auvkv‡jv `ªe¨
kixi n‡Z gw¯Í‡®‹ †`evi Rb¨ mieivn K‡i|
Avgv‡`i gw¯Í®‹ 3wU As‡k wef³: (1)
m¤§yLfvM (†dvi-†eªBb fore brain) (2) ga¨fvM (wgW-†eªBb mid brain) Ges (3) cðuvrfvM
(nvBÛ-†eªBb hind brain)| cðuvrfvM (nvBÊ-†eªBb hind brain) GwU nj g¾¡v| GB
†eªBb Avgv‡`i ü`¯ú›`b, k¦vm-cÖk¦vm, i³Pvc, Ges Lv`¨bvjx wbqš¿Y K‡i| g¾¡v bó n‡q
hvIqvi m‡½ m‡½ Avgv‡`i RxebI †kl n‡q hvq| ga¨fvM (wgW-†eªBb mid brain): GB AskwU †QvU
wKš‘ LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© hv‡K ejv nq nvB‡cv_vjv‡gvQ| gw¯Í‡®‹i GB As‡k Avgv‡`i fq,
ivM, Ges Avb›` A_©vr bvbv iKg Av‡eM¸‡jv _v‡K| GwU wcUzBUvix Mv‡Êi m‡½ mshy³
_v‡K, ZvB GwU Ab¨vb¨ Mvʸ‡jv‡KI wbqš¿b K‡i| m¤§yLfvM (†dvi-†eªBb fore brain): Gi IRb 3 cvDÊ
Ges 82 eM© (¯‹qvi) Bw nq| mvaviYZ 7 eQi
eq‡m gw¯Í®‹ cwic° n‡q _v‡K|
†c‡Uv wQ‡jb wn‡cv‡µUm&-Gi
mgmvgwqK, wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h, A‡bK ai‡Yi gvbwmK †ivM Av‡Q †h¸‡jv Hk cÖ`Ë|
GKwU mgq wQj mK‡j g‡b KiZ †h, c„w_ex GKwU mgZj MÖn Ges ‡mŠiRM‡Zi †K›`ª hv‡K
†K›`ª K‡i m~h© Nyi‡Q|
†R¨vwZ©we`¨v c„w_ex m¤^‡Ü Avgv‡`i
Mfxi mg_©b †c‡q‡Q, wKš‘ g‡bvwe`¨v G m¤^‡Ü Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ A‡bK MfxiZv wb‡q G‡m‡Q|
1934 m‡b †R¨vwZ©we`MY 34,000wU Zviv MYbv K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b 100 wewjqb Zvivi
mÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q| †h¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wKQz wKQz Avgv‡`i b¶Îcy‡Äi †P‡qI eo| Avgv‡`i ‡mŠiRM‡Zi
eqm nj 20 wewjqb| gvbyl cÖvq 225 wgwjqb eQi Av‡M †_‡K GB c„w_ex‡Z evm
Ki‡Q| gvby‡li gw¯Í®‹ Ges †Kvl¸‡jv cÖvq
25 wewjqb wbDib (wkiv) Øviv MwVZ Ges G¸‡jv ci¯ú‡ii m‡½ m¤úK©hy³| GB †Kvl¸‡jv
Avgv‡`i Rxe‡`n ev mË¡v‡K wbqš¿b I i¶v K‡i|
Rxewe`¨vi m~Îg‡Z gvby‡li gvbwmK
¯^v¯’¨ Ges Amy¯’¨Zv, †gRvR, gw¯Í‡®‹i I wcUzBUvix Mv‡Êi MVb nq wRbMZ Kvi‡Y|
evn¨mË¡vi e„w× Ges Acwic°, gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ I Amy¯’¨Zv AvZ¥mË¡v n‡Z c„_K| AvšÍtgvbwmK †jvK eyS‡Z cv‡i ¯^v¯’¨ Ges
†ivMwe`¨v MVb Ae‡PZb gb †_‡K|
evB‡ii `„wó‡Z e„w× Ges Acwic°Zv
gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ Ges Amy¯’Zv n‡”Q wb‡R‡K Avjv`v Kiv| AvPiYwe`MY g‡b K‡ib, cwi‡e‡ki Dci wbqš¿bB nj
gvby‡li myL I kvwšÍ‡Z emevm Kivi cÖavb PvweKvwV|
mvaviYZ cyi“‡li †¶‡Î (hviv WvbnvZx)
Zv‡`i gw¯Í‡®‹i evgcvk GKUz †ekx mwµq _v‡K ev †ekx KvR K‡i| wKš‘ gwnjv‡`i †¶‡Î
evgcvk GKUz `~e©j, Z‡e Zv‡`i Wvbcvk †ekx Kvh©Kix| GRb¨B gwnjviv cyi“l‡`i Zzjbvq
ZvovZvwo Aek I †÷ªvK n‡Z my¯’¨ n‡Z cv‡i Ges fvlvMZ w`K †_‡K †Q‡j‡`i †P‡q †ekx
AMÖMvgx| †g‡qiv WvbnvZ w`‡q †Q‡j‡`i Zzjbvq †ekx m~¶ ev `¶Zvi m‡½ wbcyb KvR Ki‡Z
cv‡i| Z‡e †g‡q‡`i Zzjbvq †Q‡j‡`i AšÍ©`„wó ev Kíbv msµvšÍ `„wókw³ ZvivZvwo cwic°
nq Ges wewfbœ ai‡Yi Kg©Kv‡Ê Ab¨‡`i m‡½ fvjfv‡e mgš^q mvab Ki‡Z cv‡i| †Q‡jiv
†g‡q‡`i Zzjbvq cwi‡ek-cwiw¯’wZ m¤^‡Ü Rvb‡Z ev e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z †ekx AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡i
Ges wb‡Ri gvbwmK mgm¨v¸‡jvi mgvavb wb‡RB K‡i _v‡K| hw` gvby‡li gv_vi Lywji m‡½
B‡jKwUªK Zvi Ges †iKW©hš¿ (EEG) mshy³ _v‡K Ges ZLb hw` †Q‡jiv wb‡RB wb‡Ri gvbwmK mgm¨vi
mgvavb K‡i, Zvn‡j Zv‡`i gw¯Í‡®‹i Wvb Ask B‡jwUª‡Ki gZ KvR K‡i| wKš‘ †g‡q‡`i
†¶‡Î `yÕcvkB KvR K‡i| Avi evgnvZx‡jvK‡`i Rb¨ gw¯Í®‹ Ab¨fv‡e KvR K‡i|
gvby‡li cÖavb 4wU welqe¯‘ nj †`n,
Am‡PZbZv, mË¡v, Ges cwi‡ek| †`n‡K gvbyl GKwU hš¿ ev †nvÊvi (†gvUi mvB‡K‡ji) m‡½
Zzjbv K‡i, Am‡PZbZv‡K gvbyl GKwU inm¨RbK mgvavb wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i _v‡K, mË¡v‡K being wn‡m‡e †`‡L, Ges cwi‡ek‡K gvbyl
GKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii †cÖvMÖv‡gi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i Ges G‡K Af¨v‡m cwiYZ Ki‡Z Pvq|
TheHind(gw¯Í®‹icQbifvM)
gw¯Í‡®‹i wZbwU Ask i‡q‡Q| h_v AMÖfvM (forebrain), ga¨fvM (Mid) Ges wcQ‡bifvM (Hind)| GB wZbwU Ask
wb‡q mixm„c I ¯Íb¨cvqx cÖvwYe‡M©i gw¯Í®‹ MwVZ nq| gw¯Í‡®‹i e„nËi m¤§yL fv‡Mi
AskwU‡K ejv nq ¸i“gw¯Í‡®‹i a~mi evn¨vsk| ¸i“gw¯Í‡®‹i a~mi evn¨vs‡ki g‡a¨ †h
a~mi c`v_© i‡q‡Q Zv n‡”Q kw³i Drm hv gvbyl‡K cªvYx †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i †hgb- weg~Z©
ev Aev¯Íe wPšÍv, ejvi ¶gZv Ges ‰kwíK m„wói ¶gZv `vb K‡i| ¸i“ gw¯Í‡®‹i a~mi
evn¨vs‡ki g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z i‡q‡Q ¯úk©, `„wó Ges kªeY ¶gZvi Drm Ges †PvL, evû, cv,
A½yj m‡½ m‡½ gyLgÊj mÂvi‡Yi Drm| gw¯Í‡®‹i mœvqyZš¿ †_‡K †h m~Zvi gZ my¶ c`v_©
we‡kl †b‡g Av‡m Zv w`K AwZµg K‡i ev cwieZ©b K‡i e‡j gw¯Í‡®‹i Wvb w`K kix‡ii evg
w`K wbqš¿Y K‡i Ges gw¯Í‡®‹i evg w`K kix‡ii Wvb w`K wbqš¿Y K‡i| evg cv‡ki gM‡Ri
a~mi evn¨vsk n‡”Q e„w× cÖKvkK kw³| Avi Wvb w`‡K n‡”Q A-evPwbK aviYv, Av‡eM,
m½xZ Ges ˆkwíK Kv‡Ri cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g MVb Kivi Drm| cï-cvwL Ges †cvKvgvKo Df‡qiB
mœvqyZš¿ _vKvi Kvi‡Y wewfbœ Kg© ¶gZv ev `¶Zv i‡q‡Q| ‡hgb- gvKokv Rvj ey‡b, gkv
iv‡Z Lv‡`¨i mÜvb K‡i|
gvQ I cvwL eû`y‡i ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq, cvwL evmv euv‡a Z‡e Zviv me mgq GKB
ai‡Yi KvR K‡i _v‡K| gvby‡li gw¯Í‡®‹i e„nËi m¤§yL fv‡Mi m‡ev©”P Dbœq‡bi Kvi‡Y
bvbvb ˆewP‡Î¨i ga¨ w`‡q KvR K‡i _v‡K (D`vniY ¯^iƒc †`wL c„w_ex‡Z nvRvi
iK‡gi ms¯‹…wZ we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q|
gvby‡li mœvqyZš¿ (The Human nervous
system):
†K›`ªxq mœvqyZš¿ (The central nervous
system) gw¯Í®‹i (Brain) I mylgvKvÊ (Spinal
Cord)
w`‡q MwVZ|
cÖvšÍxq mœvqyZš¿ (The Peripheral nervous
system) gv_vi Lywj I †gi“`‡Êi ga¨Kvi wkiv ev bvf© Øviv MwVZ hv
kix‡ii cÖwZwU As‡k ‡cuŠ‡Q|
mnvqK mœvqyZš¿ (The Voluntary nervous
system ) kix‡ii cÖwZwU gvsm †cwki m‡½ mshy³ hv B”Qvi ms‡hv‡M
bovPov Kiv hvq|
¯^qswµq mœvqyZš¿ (The autonamic nervous
system): m‡PZb wbqš¿Y QvovB KvR K‡i Ges kix‡ii ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvR
¸‡jv wbqš¿Y K‡i| †hgb-ür¯ú›`b, i³Pvc, k¦vm-cÖk¦vm, cwicvKwµqv kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv
BZ¨vw`| GwU mg¯Í A½ cÖZ‡½i mv‡_ mshy³; †PvL, cwicvKZš¿, ürwcÊ, dzmdzm, gyÎ_wj,
jvjvMÖwš’, wKWbx, agbx, wkiv, bvK,Kvb BZ¨vw`| GUv ¯^”Q›` ev A-¯^”Q›` gvsm‡ckx
hv A‰bw”QKfv‡e KvR K‡i Zv wbqš¿Y K‡i| ¯^qswµq mœvqyZš¿ (The
autonamic nervous system) gw¯Í‡®‹i Mfxi ga¨fv‡Mi Ask Øviv
wbqwš¿Z hv‡K Dienciphalon e‡j|
¯^qswµq mœvqyZš¿ (The autonamic nervous
system): ¯^qswµq mœvqyZš¿ `ywU fv‡M wef³| h_v -mv`„k¨g~jK
Ges ˆemv`„k¨g~jK|
mv`„k¨g~jK kixi‡K Kv‡Ri Rb¨ DwÏwcZ K‡i| GwU kix‡ii ür¯ú›`b,
i³Pvc My‡KvR MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ DwÏwcZ K‡i| ˆemv`„k¨g~jK kixi‡K cÖkvšÍ I
mvg¨ve¯’v `vb K‡i hLb kixi †ek DwÏcxZ n‡q hvq| GUv e¨e¯’vcbv, c~Y©e„w×,
cwicvKZ‡š¿ ZvcgvÎv, Nyg, ¶zav wbqš¿Y K‡i|
AšÍ:¶iv MÖš’x (The Endocrine system):
GB AšÍ:¶iv MÖš’xmg~n (Endocrine) nj MjMÖš’x,
e„®‹MÖš’x, AMœvkq, wW¤^‡Kvl, AÛ‡Kvl, Thymus, Pituitary (†k®§vwbtmviK) | GB MÖš’x¸‡jv †_‡K wewfbœ ni‡gvb ¶wiZ n‡q i‡³i m‡½
wg‡k hvq| 50 cÖKv‡ii †ewk ni‡gvb GB c×wZ‡Z Avwe®‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Pituitary
(†k®§vwbtmviK) †K ejv nq cÖavb MÖš’x| GwU‡K gw¯Í‡®‹i cÖavb As‡k wPwýZ Kiv nq
hv nvB‡cv_¨vjvgv‡mi (Hypothalamus) wb‡P Aew¯’Z
m¤§yL gw¯Í‡®‹i Askwe‡kl| Hypothalamus n‡”Q Dienciphalon
(m¤§yL
gw¯Í‡®‹i cðv`eZx© Ask) Gi GKwU Ask| Pituitary (†k®§vwbtmviK) n‡”Q 1.5 †m.wg. e¨vm wewkó| GwU AvUwU (8wU) wfbœ ai‡bi
ni‡gvb ˆZwi K‡i| GB MÖš’x¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwU ni‡gvb ˆZwi K‡i hv hyeK-hyeZx‡`i e„w×i
KviY| Mjvi ga¨Kvi ¯^ihš¿ ev evMhš¿ Gi wb‡Pi Ae¯’vb‡K MjMÖš’x wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv
nq| GwU hLb Pituitary (†k®§vwbtmviK) MÖš’x †_‡K ni‡gvb MÖnY
K‡i ZLb GwU DwÏwcZ n‡q wbR¯^ ni‡gvb ˆZwi K‡i hv‡K thyroxin (_vBi‡qW MÖwš’
wb:m„Z im) Avi thyroxin (_vBi‡qW MÖwš’ wb:m„Z im)
AwK&ª‡Rb MÖn‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q kix‡ii ga¨Kvi ivmvqwbK iƒcvšÍi ev wecvK gvÎv‡K
wbqš¿Y K‡i|
Metabolism (wecvK) Gi A_© nj GUv GKUv gvÎv hv
kix‡ii kw³ Drcv`b K‡i Lv`¨ cwicv‡Ki ga¨w`‡q ev Lvevi †_‡K †h kw³ Drcvw`Z nq Zv
nj Metabolism
(wecvK)
|
mœvqy -kvixi we`¨v (wkï Rxe‡b gvbwmK) weKv‡ki wZbwU chv©q (gw¯Í‡®‹i weKvk)
cÖ_g chv©q, Rb¥ †_‡K 18 gvm eqm ch©šÍ wkï GK ms‡e`bkxj c„w_exi
gv‡S evm K‡i| wkï Zvi cªv_wgK ev åbve¯’vq Aw¯Í‡Z¡i g‡a¨B Avbymw½K cÖ‡qvRb I
Abyf~wZ m¤ú‡K© RvMÖZ _v‡K| †Kvb KviY ev djvdj QvovB †m Zvi Bw›`ªq Øviv †h mg¯Í
evn¨ welq Abyfe K‡i Zv Amshy³ D‡Ïk¨nxb|
wØZxq chv©q, 1-6 eQi eq‡mi wkï wbR mZ¡v (¯^vaxbZv) m¤ú©‡K I Zvi
evB‡ii RMZ (ev¯Íe) m¤ú©‡K m‡PZb n‡q D‡V| nuvUv Pjvi MwZ kw³ Ges wKQy AvZœwbqš¿Y
¶gZvi gva¨‡g wkï wb‡R‡K GKwU Avjv`v/¯^Zš¿ mZ¡v wn‡m‡e Abyfe K‡i|
Z…Zxq chv©q, 4-18 eQi eq‡m gw¯Í‡®‹i ewn:¯Í‡ii MVb Avf¨šÍixYfv‡e
mshy³ nq Ges e¨w³ wewfbœ aviYv I wPý wb‡q wPšÍv Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| cÖ_g Ae¯’vq, mg¯Í
ÒPZz¯ú`Ó cÖvYx‡KB WwM ejv nq| wKš‘ gw¯Í‡®‹i ewn:¯Í‡ii weKv‡ki mv‡_ mv‡_ bZzb
bvg, aviYv I ms‡KZ ¸‡jv wk‡L †d‡j DwÏcK wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi mvnv‡h¨B gw¯Í‡®‹i weKvk
N‡U| wkïi Rxe‡bi cÖ_g wZb eQ‡iB Lye `ª“Z gw¯Í‡®‹i weKvk N‡U _v‡K| wVK GB mg‡q
evwoi †Kvb Ae¨e¯’vcbv ev Acywói Kvi‡Y hw` h_vh_ weKvk bv N‡U Z‡e cieZx©‡Z Zv
c~iY Kiv h‡_ó Kó mva¨ n‡q c‡o| cieZx© chv©q ¸‡jv cª_g wZb eQ‡ii b¨vq AZUv
msKUgq bq|
DwÏcK wµqvi cÖwZeÜKZv: Abv_ Ae¯’vq wkï eÂbvi wkKvi n‡j eq¯‹
nevi c‡i Zvi g‡a¨ mvgvwRK m‡PZbZvi Afve †_‡K hvq, cÖwZwµqvi †¶‡Î Lye axi
cÖK…wZi, mgm¨v mgvav‡b wcwQ‡q _v‡K, ¯^vejw¤^ n‡q IVvi †¶‡Î A`¶ Ges †ivMgyw³i
†ejvq cÖwZeÜK ¯^iƒc| Rš‘ (evbi) wewQbœ cwi‡e‡k †e‡o DV‡Z w`‡j Abyf~wZ, †KŠZznj,
mvgvwRK AvPiY Ges Ávb AR©‡bi †¶‡Î wcwQ‡qB _v‡K|
DwÏcK wµqv - cÖwZwµqvi my‡kvwfZKiY: cÖvYxi (evbi,
B`yi) Dci AbymÜvb Pvwj‡q †`Lv hvq †h, gw¯Í‡®‹i IR‡bi †¶‡Î cwie©Zb N‡U Ges KLb I
†Kv_vq DwÏcK wµqv-cÖwZwµqv ¸‡jv n‡q _v‡K Zv ivmvqwbK we`¨v Avwe®‹vi K‡i| h_v©_
DwÏcK wµqv cÖwZwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q cÖvYx †h A‡bK fvjfv‡eB mgm¨v mgvav‡bi cvkv cvwk
`„p n‡q `uvov‡Z cv‡i Zv cÖgvYwm×| wkï‡`i †ejvqI GUv wek¦vm‡hvM¨ †h, AwZwi³
D‡ËRbvI gw¯Í‡®‹i wKQy wbw`©ó As‡ki weKvk NUvq; cieZx©‡Z cÖvß eq¯‹ wn‡m‡e G mg¯—
e¨w³eM© mvgvwRK wµqv cªwZwµqvi †¶‡Î AwZwi³ cÖwZwµqv NUv‡e|
Bw›`ªq Mvªn¨ chv©q, Rb¥ †_‡K 18 gvm :cÖ_g gvmwU
g~jZ: wkï ¯úk©, ¯^v` I MÜ Abyfe K‡i| cieZx© wØZxq gv‡m wkï ïb‡Z I †`L‡Z cvq Ges
`~ieZx© e¯‘ mg~‡ni wel‡q aviYv jvf K‡i| Avi G †¶‡Îi KvRUv nj mvgvwRK ms‡hvRb
Ges wek¦vm ebvg Awek¦v‡mi msKUgq Ae¯’v| GB chv©‡q DÏxcK wµqv cÖwZwµqvi ˆewk‡ó¨i
Zzjbvq Gi cwigvbUvB g~L¨ welq| me© †kl `ywU chv©q ˆewkó¨B †ewk Avek¨K|
Bw›`ªqvi ¯^vaxbZv, 1-6: GB chv©qUv nj nvuUvPjvi MwZkw³, K_v
ejv Ges AvZœwbqš¿‡Yi KvR| GQvov wbR Bw›`ª‡qi ¯^vaxbZv ebvg j¾v I m‡›`‡niI
msKUKvj|
AvšÍ: ewn:¯’ Drmvn, 4-18 eQi: G‡¶‡Î †kLvi `¶Zv, `jxq †Ljvayjv,
wj‡½‡f‡` (GKwU evjK-evwjKv, cyi“l-bvix‡K wK n‡Z nq) `‡ji g‡a¨ †`Lv nq| Drmv‡ni
msKUgqZv nj Zv, hv wKbv Mfxi wPšÍv cwiKíbv Ges ¯^vaxbfv‡e wcZv gvZvi ZZ¡veav‡b
Awfbq cš’vq KvR K‡i Ges GBfv‡e GKRb e¨w³i AvZœcwiPq ev wbR¯^ aviYv ebvg e¨w³i
g‡a¨ ‡Kv‡li Abyf~wZ Ges wØav ؇›Øi g‡bvfve M‡o I‡V|
|
1-2 gvm:
wPeyK †h w`‡K
¯úk© K‡i _v‡K ‡mw`‡K eivei gv_v †njv‡bv _v‡K|
`y»cvb Ges
mn‡RB wMj‡Z mvg_© iv‡L|
Lye mn‡RB
†Rv‡i †Kvb kã n‡j Pg‡K D‡V|
IR‡b I j¤^vq
evo‡Z _v‡K|
mivmwi †h‡Kvb
e¨w³i gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q _v‡K|
|
12-15 gvm:
gvgv, `v`v
e‡j WvK‡Z ïi“ K‡i|
Kv‡iv mvnv‡h¨
QvovB nvu‡U|
Kvc ev Mvm
n‡Z cvb K‡i|
-
GKwU ej‡K Mwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡i|
|
|
3-4 gvm:
Kvbœvi Zzjbvq
kãB †ewk _v‡K|
Ni Ni kã K‡i
Ges nv‡m|
wPr Ges Dcyi
n‡q _v‡K|
‡Kvb D¾¡j Av‡jv ev is Gi w`‡K gv_v Nywi‡q _v‡K|
-
IR‡b I D”PZvq evo‡Z _v‡K|
|
15-18 gvm:
eB‡Z Qwe †`‡L
I c„ôv Dëvq|
PvgP Øviv
wb‡RB Lvq|
‡Kvb wKQy
†Vj‡Z, DVv‡Z Ges †dj‡Z w`‡Z cQ›` K‡i|
mvnv‡h¨ QvovB
nvu‡U|
K_v ejvi †Póv
I c~Ye©vi D”PviY K‡i|
-
‡Kvb cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbm wb‡`©k K‡i †fv u‡fvu kã Ki‡Z _v‡K|
|
|
5-6 gvm:
‡Kvb e¯‘i
w`‡K GwM‡q hvq I Zv AR©b K‡i|
‡Ljbv GK nvZ
†_‡K Avi GK nv‡Z bvovPvov Ki‡Z _v‡K|
A‡b¨i cÖwZ
Dˇi nv‡m|
`yB w`‡KB wPr
I Dcyi n‡q _vK‡Z wk‡L|
- K‡qK †m‡KÊ emvi †¶‡Î fvimvg¨ iv‡L|
|
18-24 gvm:
2/3 wU kã
e¨envi K‡i Ges evK¨ ˆZix Kivi †¶‡Î 20 wU kã ZvwjKvI Av‡Q|
nvuUvi mgq
†h‡Kvb wRwbm enb Ki‡Z cv‡i e‡j jvwV w`‡Z cvwi|
AbyivM
cÖKv‡k; Rwo‡q a‡i Ges Pz¤^b K‡i|
gv‡S gv‡S bv
e‡j|
mvgvb¨ wKQy
wRwbm wPey‡Z cv‡i|
mvaviY wKQy
wb‡`©kbv eyS‡Z cv‡i, ‡hgb- ÔAvgv‡K ejwU `vIÕ|
- ‡PvL, Kvb,
bvK, gyL BZ¨vw` wbw`©ó fv‡e †`Lv‡Z cv‡i|
|
|
6-9 gvm:
nvZ-cv
bvovPvov I †c‡Ui Dci fi w`‡q nvgv¸wo †`q|
A¯úó ¯^‡i K_v
I †Rv‡i †n‡m _v‡K, g„`y Pvcov‡bvi cvkvcvwk DuwK gviv ‡L‡j _v‡K|
¯^vaxb fv‡eB
e‡m|
- wbw`©ó ‡Kvb k‡ãi cÖwZ gv_v †Nvivq|
|
24-30 gvm:
Kv‡iv mvnvh¨
QvovB †L‡Z cv‡i|
‡`uŠov‡bvi
cvkvcvwk mvg‡bi w`‡K ej Qyu‡o w`‡Z cv‡i|
hLb wRÁvmv
Kiv nq cÖ_‡gB Zvi bvg e‡j|
Ab¨vb¨
†Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i mv‡_ †Ljvayjvq Avb›` cvq|
wKQy AvuKv
AvuwKi cvkvcvwk wnwRwewR K‡i wKQy wjL‡Z †Póv K‡i|
‡MvjvKvi RvZxq
`iRvi nvZj a‡i Nyivq Ges †cuP Ly‡j AvjMvI Ki‡Z cv‡i|
-
co‡Z Avb›` cvq|
|
wK‡m weKv‡ki †¶‡Î wej¤^ nq?
wkïi cÖ_g wZbeQi LyeB AZ¨vek¨Kxq| R‡b¥i ci †_‡K wZb eQi ch©š—
gvbeÁv‡bi weKvk I DbœwZ Lye Zivwš^Z nq|GB Kvi‡Y wkï‡K hZUzKz m¤¢e GKUv fvj m~Pbv
†`qvi ¸i“Z¡ i‡q‡Q| wkïi cÖv_wgK Rxe‡bi `ye©jZv A_ev myß weKv‡ki wej‡¤^i KviY
wbY©q I mvnvh¨ Kivi Dci wbf©i K‡i wkïi DbœZ Rxe‡bi j¶¨ ev D‡Ïk¨| wb‡gœ ewY©Z
ZvwjKvwU‡Z wkïi weKv‡ki wKQy w`K D`vniYmn Zz‡j aiv n‡jv :
Aek¨B cÖ‡Z¨KwU wkïi (evjK/evwjKv) weKvk N‡U Zvi wbR¯^ cwi‡e‡k ev
wbw`©ó GKwU MwʇZ †_‡K, wKš‘ G‡¶‡Î hw` wkïi weKv‡ki †¶‡Î †Kvbiƒc wej¤^ N‡U, Z‡e
G †¶‡Î †m †Kvb weKvkg~jK †Kv‡m©i ga¨ w`‡q DcK…Z n‡Z cv‡i ev Zvi weKv‡ki c_ ev
†¶Î Av‡iv mnR n‡Z cv‡i|
_vBi‡qW Ggb GKwU MÖwš’ hvi Ae¯’vb n‡jv k¦vmbvjxi `yÕcv‡k, Avi G †_‡K
wbM©Z †h ni‡gvb G‡K ejv nq w_Iiw·b| _vBi‡q‡Wi Rb¨ Av‡qvwWb LyeB cÖ‡qvRb KviY
w_Iiw·b Drcbœ Kivi Rb¨, G†¶‡Î aiv hvK, †hgb- Rvgvjcyi- evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU Ab¨Zg
MjMÊ AvµvšÍ we¯„ÍÍZ GjvKv, Avi †hLv‡b wKbv mvaviY ˆ`bw›`b Avnvh©`ª‡e¨ Av‡qvwWb
LyeB `~in ev RwUj Ges †mRb¨ †mLv‡b GK weivU As‡ki †jvKRb MjMÊ †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nq|
ch©vß cwigvY w_Iiw·b Drcv`b cÖwµqvq MÖwš’ Lye eo AvKvi aviY K‡i| wKš‘ Mf©Kvjxb
Ae¯’vq Av‡qvwW‡bi ¯^íZvi `i“b f~wgô nIqv wkïwUi Rb¥vewa weKjv½ I nvev †evev
nIqvi m¤¢vebv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| GgZve¯’vq f~wgô be wkïwUi ¯^vfvweK weKvk e¨_© nq|
f~wgô nIqvi ciciB wkïwUi gvbwmK weKvk LyeB gš’i MwZ‡Z n‡e hw`bv w_Iiw·b
mwVKgvÎvq `ª“Z KvR K‡i|
c¨viv_vBi‡qW MÖwš’ †`L‡Z PviwU †QvU ex‡Ri g‡Zv hv kix‡ii wcQ‡bi w`‡K
_v‡K| G‡`i KvR n‡jv ni‡gvb ¶wiZ Kiv hv kix‡i K¨vjwmqvg Ges dmdiv‡mi gvÎv wVK
iv‡L| G `y‡Uv A‰Re c`v_© hv k³ nvo Ges `uv‡Zi ewjôZv e„wׇZ LyeB DcKvix| hw` Gi
†_‡K Lye Kg ni‡gvb wbtm„Z nq Zvn‡j abyósKvi †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
cvkvcvwk Gi d‡j †ckxi Av‡c‡¶cb nq †Kvg‡i I †Rvov‡Z| Avevi GwU hw` AwaK gvÎvq
Drcbœ nq Zvn‡j nvo I `uvZ big Ges f½yi nq|
c¨vbvwµqvm MÖwš’ j¤^v I njy` is‡qi nq| GwU Qq Bw j¤^v, GKwU gv_v,
†jR Ges Ae¯’vb kix‡ii wcQ‡b, cvK¯’wj I evg cuvR‡ii wb‡Pi w`‡K| GB MÖwš’ n‡Z †h
ni‡gvb wbtm„Z nq Zv MÖwš’i wPwb‡K My‡Kv‡R cwiYZ n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i †hb G¸‡jv
†ckx‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|hw` AwaK cwigvY MÖwš’im wbM©Z
nq, ZLb My‡KvR K‡g hvq Ges gw¯Í‡®‹ cÖ‡qvRbxq My‡KvR m„wó nqbv| d‡j e¨w³ `ye©j
n‡q c‡o Ges Kuvc‡Z _v‡K|ZvB Zv‡K wPwb †L‡Z nq bZzev Zvi g„Zy¨I n‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b
`yÕwU kZ© j¶¨bxq: cÖ_g kZ©wU n‡”Q eûg~Î Ges wØZxqwU n‡jv nvB‡cvwMmvwgqv|
wcUzBUvwi ¶wiZ MÖwš’i‡m m¤úK© we`¨gvb|
jvjvMÖwš’mg~n †QvU Ges wÎfyR AvKv‡ii| G¸‡jv cÖ‡Z¨KwU wKWbxi mvg‡b
Dc‡i †kvqv‡bv| MÖwš’i †K›`ªxq Ask MÖwš’i ni‡gvb Drcbœ K‡i| ‡Pv‡Li gwY cÖmvwiZ
K‡i fvj †`Lvi Rb¨, i³ mÂvjb ürwc‡Êi ¯ú›`b e„w× K‡i, k¦vm-cÖk¦vm e„w× K‡i ev
`ª“Z K‡i| wcUzBUvix n‡Z evwn¨K ni‡gvb Øviv wbqwš¿ZZv‡K mv‡K GwmW (†Ue) ejv nq
hvi evwn¨K Ask †_‡K ¶wiZ nq 30wUiI †ewk ni‡gvb|
D‡`ªKMÖwš’ ey‡Ki nv‡oi wcQ‡b ¶Y¯’vqx GKwU Bw›`ªq| bq gvm eq‡m GwU
me‡P‡q eo Ges `yB eQi c‡i †Zgb m¼zwPZ nqbv| hw`I GwU ch©vqµ‡g cwiYZ eqm ch©š—
¯’vqx, ZeyI GB MÖwš’ kix‡ii i¶vcÖvß nIqvi Rb¨ DcKvix|
‡hŠbMÖwš’, Mf©vkq I AÛ‡Kvl wcUzBUvix MÖwš’i ni‡gvb Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq|
12 eQi eq‡m G‡`i GB ni‡gvb i‡³ ¶wiZ nq| GB Mf©vk‡qi Kvi‡Y Ab¨ †h GKwU ni‡gvb
wb:m„Z nq Zv‡K ejv nq G‡÷v‡Rb| GB Kvi‡Y †g‡q‡`i kixi weKvkjvf K‡i ev GKRb
c~Y©eZx bvix‡Z cwiYZ nq| wcUzBUvixi im Øviv gwnjv‡`i ev †g‡q‡`i 28 w`‡bi gvwmK
PµwUI cwiPvwjZ nq| hv cÖvq 45 eQi n‡j ax‡i ax‡i n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K| GKBfv‡e
wcUzBUvix Øviv †Q‡j‡`i ïµvbyi ni‡gvb e„wׇZ ms‡KZ †`q| GiKg ni‡gv‡bi Rb¨
(‡U‡÷ªi‡bi) Rb¨ cyi“‡li PvwiwÎK ˆewk‡ó¨i DbœwZ nq| ‡hgb: `vwo MRvq, Mjvi ¯^i
cwieZ©b nq,Kuva e„w× cvq Ges gvsm‡ckx e„w× cvq| GwU AvµgYvZ¥K n‡Z Ges †hŠb
AvMÖn e„wׇZ AZ¨šÍ mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
e¨w³Z¡ MVb:
g‡bvwe`¨vq gvby‡li e¨w³Z¡ MV‡b eskMwZ ev cwi‡ek †KvbwU †ewk
¸i“Z¡c~Y© - Gwel‡q GK my`xN© weZK© i‡q‡Q| GKB weZK© `k©bkv‡¯¿I †`Lv hvq, †c‡Uvi
ÒRb¥MZ aviYvÓ ebvg Gwi÷U‡ji Òk~Y¨ cvZvÓ aviYvi g‡a¨| Avgv‡`i AvPvi AvPiY wK DËivaxKvim~‡Î
cÖvß bvwK wk¶vi gva¨‡g AwR©Z? g‡bvwe`¨v wK g~jZ ˆ`wnK bvwK gvbwmK? Avgiv wK
cÖK…wZi bvwK (eskMwZi) jvwjZ cvwj‡Zi d‡j m„ó e¯‘? †`nMZ gvbyl eskMwZ Øviv
Av”Qbœ, Avf¨šÍixY gvbm ( ) gvbylI
†Zgwb Av”Qbœ Z‡e Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg cwigv‡Y| dª‡qW GKwU weL¨vZ bxwZevK¨ e‡j‡Qb-Ò
Rxewe`¨vB wbqwZÓ| AvPiYev`x g‡bvwe`MY cwi‡e‡ki cÖv_wgK cÖfv‡ei Dci `„pfv‡e
wek¦vm K‡ib| gvbeev`x g‡bvwe‡`i (`„k¨Z g‡bvwe`¨v)†ejvqI wVK †Zgwb N‡U Z‡e GKUz
Kg cwigv‡Y| GLb cÖkœ n‡jv –Avgv‡`i e¨w³Z¡ wK mvgvwRKfv‡e ‡ewk wba©vwiZ nq bvwK
Rb¥MZfv‡e †ewk wba©vwiZ nq? gvby‡li cwi‡ek ïi“ nq ZLb †_‡K hLb †_‡K ïµvby
wW¤^vbyi mv‡_ wg‡k wµqv ïi“ K‡i Ges Gi †kl nq g„Zy¨i c‡i| GwU Avkve¨ÄK I
wek¦vm‡hvM¨ †h, Avgvi wbqwZ cwi‡ek Ges e¨w³MZ cÖ‡Póvi Dci wbf©i K‡i Ges Gfv‡e
Avgvi m¤¢vebviI †Kvb Aš— †bB|
hvB †nvK, eskMwZi Rb¨B GKRb gvbyl bvix ev cyi“l, Pvgov, †PvL, Pzj,
‰`wnK MVb, bvox ¯ú›`b cÖf„wZ wb‡q Rb¥vq Ges G¸‡jv Zvi g‡a¨ Ggb Qvc †d‡j †h Zvi
g‡Zv †Kvb Kv‡j †KD Rb¥vqwb ev Rb¥v‡eI bv| me RxeB DËivwaKvi m~‡Î mnRvZ cÖe„wË
cvq| mnRvZ cÖe„wZ n‡jv GKwU ˆRweK Zvobv ev AvKv•¶v hv †Kvb GKwU cÖRvwZi mKj
m`‡m¨i †ej‡ZB mvaviYfv‡e _v‡K| †hgb: cvwL evmv ˆZwi K‡i, gvKomv Rvj ey‡b|
gvby‡li cÖavb `ywU cÖe„wË n‡jv- wb‡R‡K euvwP‡q ivLvi Zvobv Ges esk e„w×i ZvwM`|
Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, Lv‡`¨i Zvobv Ges m½x cvIqvi ZvwM`| G`ywUi g‡a¨ Lv‡`¨i ZvobvB
kw³kvjx| †Kbbv gvbyl †hŠbvPvi QvovI myLx Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ Lv`¨ Qvov
`xN© Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| GwU cÖgvwYZ †h †cvKvgvKo I RxeRš‘iv eskMwZi gva¨‡g
`xN© cwim‡i GwU †c‡q _v‡K| †gRvR¸‡jvI DËivwaKvim~‡Î cÖvß| ‡gRvR n‡jv Rxe‡`‡ni
Ggb cÖeYZv hv GKwU wbw`©ó aviv‡Z Av‡ewMKfv‡e cÖwZwµqv K‡i| Rxe‡`‡ni wPwKrmKMY
gvby‡li g‡a 5ai‡bi †gRvR j¶¨ K‡i‡Qb| G‡`i g‡a¨ PviwU wn‡cvµvU&m KZ©„K ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q Ges cÂgwU n‡jv fxi“Zv hv †mB †jvK¸‡jv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i hv‡`i Rb¥MZfv‡e †Kvb
¶‡Zi ev Pv‡ci fq Av‡Q|
wKQ~ kvixwiK `ye©jZv Avgiv
DËivwaKvi m~‡Î jvf Kwi, †hgb i‡³i wKQz Amy¯’Zv, †Kv‡li `ye©jZv I _¨vjv‡mwgqv,
eY©nxbZv, AZ¨waK i³cv‡Zi cÖeYZv, ¶xYeyw×Zv, KwVb P¶z†ivM nvbwUsU‡bi K¤úb †ivM,
gvsm‡ckxi `ye©jZv| wc.†K.BD. †ivM n‡j beRvZK †cÖvwUb nRg Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| hw` KwP
eq‡m mwVKfv‡e †ivM wbY©q Kiv bv nq Z‡e GB †cÖvwUb msKU weKvi I gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx
m„wó K‡i|
gvbexq wUmy¨ †Kv‡li g‡a¨ 23
†Rvov ev 46wU †µv‡gvRg _v‡K| 23wU Av‡m ïµvYy †_‡K I 23wU wW¤^vYy †_‡K| GK GKwU
†KÎv‡gvRg n‡jv LwÊZ wWGbG| GB `xN© LwÊZ bvjxi g‡a¨ Rxb¸‡jv Ro n‡q _v‡K|
cÖ‡Z¨KwU †µv‡gvR‡gi wbw`©wó Rxb¸‡jvi MVb †R‡bwUK †KvW M‡o †Zv‡j hv DËivwaKvi
m~‡Î Rb¥MZ ¸Y¸‡jv‡K eskvbyµwgKfv‡e n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i|cÖ‡Z¨KwU bvix wW¤^vYy‡Z 23wU -
†µv‡gvRg; cÖ‡Z¨KwU cyi“l ïµvYy‡Z 23wU A_ev 22wU Ñ Gi m‡½ 1wU - †µv‡gvRg _v‡K|
hw` - †µv‡gvRghy³ ïµvYy wW¤^vYyi mv‡_ wgwjZ nq Zvn‡j GwU – n‡e ( †g‡q); Avi hw`
- hy³ ïµvYy wgwjZ nq Zvn‡j wkïwU n‡e cyi“l--| Zvn‡j GKRb evevB wkïi †hŠbv½
wba©viY K‡i| Aek¨B GwU GKwU LuvwU my‡hvM †h, wW¤^vYy †Kvb ïµvYy cv‡e| cÖ‡Z¨Kevi
ïµvYy wbM©Z nIqvi mgq cÖvq 3 wgwjqb ïµvYy †Kvl wbM©Z nq|bvix cÖvq 7 j¶ AbybœZ
wW¤^vYy wb‡q Rb¥MÖnY K‡i| cÖ‡Z¨K wW¤^vYy I ïµvYyiB GKwU Avjv`v Ges ¯^Zš¿ Rx‡bi
MVb ev †R‡bwUK †KvW Av‡Q, ZvB m¤¢vebv¸‡jvI Acwimxg|GUv‡K Rxb cyj ( Rx‡bi †Wvev)
ejv nq| GB †Wev Avwg Avgvi c~e©cyi“‡li KvQ †_‡K †hme m¤¢ve¨ ¸Y¸‡jv
DËivwaKvim~‡Î cvIqvi K_v †m¸‡jv‡K aviY K‡i iv‡L| hw` GKRb, gvÎ 10 cyi“l wcQb
wd‡i ZvKvB, Zvn‡j †`L‡Z cve, 1024 wcZv-gvZvgn GB Rx‡bi †Wvev‡Z Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q|
wm‡Rv‡d«wbqv bvgK gvbwmK e¨vwa eskvYyµwgKfv‡eB cÖvß; hw`I G †ivM K‡qK cyi“l a‡i
we¯Í…Z _v‡K| GKBfv‡e welv`MÖ¯’Zv ev welbœZvI cvwievwiKfv‡e Pj‡Z †`Lv hvq| ‡b½v
I (†Weiv ) eskMwZi wfwˇZB n‡q _v‡K e‡j aviYv Kiv nq|
wb‡gœv³ j¶Y¸‡jv GKwU Rb¥MZ
mgm¨v hv n‡q _v‡K †µv‡gvRg ΓwUi Kvi‡Y| GB Amy¯’Zv mbv³ Kiv hvq Aí eyw× Ges
kvixwiK A¯^vfvweKZv, ‡hgb †QvU AvK„wZ I eo gyLgÛj †`‡L| GwU eskMZ †ivM bq, wKš‘
Rb¥MZ ΓwUi Kvi‡Y GwU n‡q _v‡K|
1959 Lªx: GwU Avwe®‹…Z nq †h,
GKwU AwZwi³ †µv‡gRg GB †iv‡Mi Rb¨ `vqx| De©i wW¤^vby 46 wU †µv‡gvRg Gi RvqMvq
47wU †µv‡gvRg aviY K‡i| AwZwi³ †µv‡gRg †hwU Rb¥ mgm¨v m„wó K‡i †mwU cvIqv hvq
21bs †µv‡gvRg Gi c‡i| GB †iv‡M AvµvšÍ wkïi gyL nq eo, †PvL nq euvKv, wRnŸv nq
eo Ges Pvgov cvZjv nq| Zvi gv_vi wcQ‡bi
w`KUv _v‡K mgvb, Ges Zvi Mjvi myi nq KK©l| gw¯Í‡®‹i ΓwUi Dci wbf©i K‡i
cÖwZewÜZ¡ bvbv ai‡Yi n‡q _v‡K| Gme wkïi
fvjevmv cvevi cÖeYZv _v‡K Ges Lye mn‡R Zv‡`i hZœ †bIqv hvq| m‡šÍvlRbK Ges mgqgZ
cÖwk¶b Gi mvnv‡h¨ Gme wkï Zzjbvg~jK fv‡e djcÖmy Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB
A¯^vfvweKZv‡K e‡j g½jxRg (Mongolism)| 500 R‡bi g‡a¨ 1
Rb wkïi GB †ivM n‡Z cv‡i, evsjv‡`‡k eQ‡i GB msL¨v `uvovq 50,000 R‡bi gZ| GB
‡ivM †ekx †`Lv hvq 40 eQ‡ii D‡aŸ© Mf©eZx gv‡q‡`i †¶‡Î|
Retardation: cÖwZewÜZ¡ ev gw¯Í‡®‹i Ach©vß e„w× ¯^vfvweK avivq wk¶v
MÖn‡bi ÿgZv‡K A‡hvM¨ K‡i iv‡L| c„w_exi mKj ‡`‡k 3 kZvsk wkï cÖwZeÜx| evsjv‡`‡k
GB msL¨v 3 wgwjqb| Zvi gv‡b nj e¨w³i IQ
70 Gi Kg| Mo IQ nj 100| Gme wkï‡`i g‡a¨ 85kZvsk g„`y cÖwZewÜ hv‡`i IQ nj 50-70
Gi g‡a¨| mvaviYZ Zv‡`i †Kvb kvwiixK ΓwU _v‡Kbv Ges hLb Zviv wkï ZLb mn‡R Zv‡`i
wPwýZ Kiv hvq bv| wKš‘ Zv‡`i c‡ÿ ¯‹z‡j
hvIqv, covkybv Kiv Ges eÜz‡`i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L Pjv KwVb n‡q c‡o|
Z‡e Zv‡`i cÖv_wgK cov‡jLv,
AsK †kLv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges Zviv wbR mvg‡_©¨ Pj‡Z cv‡i| G‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡K e„wׇc‡q
Zv‡`i mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx PvKwi I mgv‡R GKwU RvqMv †Luv‡R Ges Zviv gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx
wn‡m‡e wPwýZ nqbv| 80%wkïi †¶‡Î GiKg nq †h R‡b¥i mgq `~N©Ubv, e„wׇZ ΓwU, wbb¥
cywógvb, Ges Mf©ve¯’vq Amy¯’Zv, wkï Ae¯’vq Amy¯’ZvI Gi KviY n‡Z cv‡i| Rb¥ve¯’vq
†hŠbe¨vax Ges nvg †ivM gv‡qi ga¨ ‡_‡K wkïi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i|
Intelligence: eyw×e„wË AvswkK eskMZ Ges AvswkK mvs¯‹…wZK cwi‡ek Øviv
wba©vwiZ nq| GKRb e¨w³i AwfÁZv mg„× K‡i Zvi eyw×e„wË e„w× Kiv hvq| †Kvb e¨w³i
eyw×e„wË cwigvc Kiv wbf©i K‡i e¨w³i wewfbœ ai‡bi KvR m¤úv`b Kivi g~j¨vq‡bi Dci|
eyw×e„wË nj GKRb e¨w³i †hŠw³K wPšÍv Kivi ¶gZv, GKwU wbw`©ó D‡Ï‡k¨ KvR Kiv, wbR
Rxeb Kvh©Kixfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv| Ab¨K_vq GwU nj, e¨w³i cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ fvc LvIqv‡bv
I wbqš¿Y Kivi mvg_©¨ ev †hvM¨Zv|
Hydrocephalus: gw¯Í‡®‹ Zij c`v_© Rgv nIqv: R‡b¥I ci wkïi gv_v A¯^vfvweK
e„w× cvq Ges Gi KviY nj gw¯Í‡®‹i `ywU eo M‡Z©i Aei“×Zv| cÖ`v‡ni Kvi‡Y †hme
cÖYvjx †gi“`Û canal-G Zijc`v_© †cÖiY K‡i †m¸‡jv eÜn‡q hvq| ‡h‡nZz gv_vi Lywj
ZLbI bó nqwb ZvB gv_v AvKv‡i e„w× cvq Ges gv_vi Lywj‡Z eo wkiv †`Lv hvq| GKRb
wPwKrmK wUDe w`‡q gw¯Í‡®‹i M‡Z© Zij c`v_© Rgv nIqv eÜ K‡i †`b|
Cramiun: (gw¯Í‡®‹i me‡P‡q Kv‡Qi Lywj) Gi wfZ‡i Pvc gw¯Í‡®‹i ¶wZi
KviY n‡Z cv‡i hw`bv Pvc ZvovZvwo AcmviY Kiv nq| Ab¨_vq wkï gvivZ¥K fv‡e cÖwZeÜx
n‡q co‡Z cv‡i, †m‡¶‡Î Zvi gv_vi Lywj e„w× cvq|
Encephalitis-gw¯Í‡Ki
cÖ`vn : gw¯Í‡®‹i R¡vjvZb mvavibZ nq
AvµgbvZ¥K msµvgK Gi Øviv| GB †ivM cï †_‡K gvby‡li g‡a¨ msµwgZ nq †hgb; gkv,
gvwQ, i³‡Pvlv KxU, DKzb BZ¨vw` Øviv| GQvov GUv GRgv fvBivm ØvivI nq, hvi d‡j
RjemšÍ, MjgÛj dz‡j DVv, R¡i, m`x©, Pg©‡ivM BZ¨vw` nq|
Rabbias and Encephalities: nj `ywU gw¯Í‡Ki cÖ`vn †ivM| Ab¨vb¨ †ivM Øviv m„ó mgm¨vi
mgq fvBivm gw¯Í®‹ Avµgb K‡i| Ges nVvr cÖPÛ gv_v e¨v_v,
R¡i, A¯^w¯—, ewgewgfve, c‡i wLPzwb, Ges wb‡¯ÍRfve n‡Z cv‡i|
wewfbœ Kvi‡b Nv‡oi gvsm †ckx
k³ n‡q hvq Ges Gi Pig chv©‡q †ivMx AÁvb n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| hw` GB fvBivm (Rxevby)
Øviv chv©ß cwigv‡b bv©f Zš¿ aŸsm cÖvß nq Ges my¯’¨ nIqvi ci wkïiv A¯^vfvweK,
we¶z× ev D‡ËwRZ ¯^fv‡ei nq Ges G‡`i wbqš¿b Kiv KwVb n‡q c‡o| hLb Zviv eo nq ZLb
Zviv feNy‡i ev Aw¯’i I ‡e‡Lqvwj ¯^fv‡ei †jvK n‡Z cv‡i| eq¯‹iv, hviv gw¯Í®‹
cÖ`vn †iv‡M fy‡M Ges hw` Zv‡`i Kvh©Ki bvf© ¸‡jv bó n‡q hvq, ZLb GwU †KvlZš¿‡K
wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i bv hvid‡j nvZ Kvuc‡Z _v‡K, nvuUvPjvq msMwZnxb †`Lv hvq|
e¨v‡±wiqv msµvgK (Bb‡dKkb) cÖwZ‡iva bv Kivi d‡jI GB †ivM n‡Zcv‡i|
cÖavb ev †Kw›`ªq mœvqyZ‡š¿i
Kvh©cÖbvjxi GKwU evav n‡jv g„Mx‡ivM (Bailouay)| cÖvPxb Kvj
n‡ZB gvbyl GB †ivM‡K fq K‡i I fyj ey‡S Avm‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 1 wgwjq‡bi gZ
g„Mx‡ivMx Av‡Q| Dchy³ wPwKrmvi gva¨‡g G‡`i †ewki fvMB mvaviY Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z
cv‡i| GB †ivM e¨w³i †evakw³‡K ¶wZMÖ¯Í K‡i| A‡bK gnvb e¨w³Z¡ †hgb mxRvi,
†b‡cvwjqb Ges evB‡ivb GB †iv‡M Kó †c‡q‡Q| mœvqy‡Kvl †_‡K AZ¨vwaK ˆe`ywZK PvP©
bv nIqvi Kvi‡Y gw¯Í‡®‹ GB iKg †Mvj‡hvM †`Lv †`q| hvid‡j mPviPi †h †Kvb kvixwiK
ev gvbwmK AvNvZ Rb¥MZ Amy¯’¨Zv, Nv, welwµqv ev wUDgvi n‡Z cv‡i| GKRb g„Mx‡ivMx
e¨w³i gw¯Í‡®‹ AZ¨vwaK K‡¤úv‡bi m„wó nq Ges GUv ˆe`y¨wZK Pv‡R©i gva¨‡g wbqš¿b Kiv
hvq|
wZb cÖKv‡ii g„Mx‡ivM Av‡Q: (Epilepsy)
Grand mal: Pig ch©v‡qi ev ¸i“Zi Amy¯’¨Zv: GB cÖKv‡ii seizure
(ü`‡ivM)
e¨w³i Abyf~wZ n‡Z Rb¥ jvf K‡i hv †ivMx‡K kZ©K K‡i †`q Ges gv‡S g‡a¨ †m wLuPzwb
ïi“ nIqvi Avf¨vm cvq| mbœ¨vm †iv‡Mi wLuPywb Avi¤¢ nevi Av‡M †ivMxwU e¨w³wbô
Abyf~wZi (aura) mgq Kv‡jv `vM †`L‡Z cv‡i, `yM©Ü †c‡Z cv‡i, Lye
D‡ËwRZ n‡q co‡Z cv‡i, gv_v wSgwSg Ki‡Z cv‡i, Mvwoi kã ï‡b †c‡U ev cvK¯’wj‡Z
hš¿bv n‡Z cv‡i ev wKQy gvsm †ckx‡Z K‡¤úvb ïi“ n‡Z cv‡i| kxNÖB seizure ïi“ nq Ges
e¨w³wU gvwU‡Z c‡o hvq| GB Ae¯’v gvÎ `yB wgwbU ¯’vqx nq| cÖ_g wgwb‡Ui mgq kixi
k³ n‡q c‡o, evû ¸‡jv wb‡Ri gZ KvR Ki‡Z D×Z nq, nvZ ¸‡jv gywóe× nq Ges
k¦vm-cÖk¦vm eÜ n‡q hvq| 2q wgwb‡Ui mgq dzmdzm n‡Z evZvm Lye †Rv‡i Kvbœvmn †ei
n‡q Av‡m| ZLb gvsm †ckx¸‡jv msKzwPZ n‡q Av‡m Ges A½-cÖZ½ ¸‡jv‡Z SvuKzwb ïi“ n‡q
hvq, †Pvqvj Ly‡j hvq I Avevi eÜ nq| GB Kvi‡b d‡j gyÎ_wj Ges A‡š¿i wbqš¿b nviv‡Z
cv‡i| gyL n‡Z †dbv †ei n‡q Av‡m hZ¶b ch©šÍ gy‡L wKQy †`Iqv bv nq| wRnŸv Ges
Mv‡ji wfZ‡i Kvgov‡bv ïi“ nq| e¨w³i gv_v e¨_v ïi“ n‡e, K¬všÍ I w`avMÖ¯’ n‡q
co‡e| c‡i K‡qK N›Uvi Rb¨ Mfxi Nyy‡g Av”Qbœ n‡e| hw` †ivMxwU‡K WªvM †_ivwc
(wPwKrmv) †`Iqv bv nq Zvn‡j w`‡bi wewfbœ mg‡q seizure (ü`‡ivM) n‡Z
cv‡i A_ev cÖwZ eQ‡i GKevi †`Lv w`‡Z |
Peti mal: Aí ev jNy Amy¯’¨Zv: Seizure (ü`‡ivM) GKwU
†QvU blackout
or lapse (gvbwmK fvimv‡g¨i we‡jvc) Gi Øviv MwVZ nq| e¨w³wU nVvr Zvi KvR
_vwg‡q †`q Ges D`vm fv‡e (nZf¤^ n‡q) w¯’i `„wó‡Z ZvwK‡q _v‡K †hb †m w`ev-¯^cœ
†`L‡Q| 10 n‡Z 15 †m‡KÛ c‡i e¨w³wU Avevi KvR Kiv ïi“ K‡i| Cpilenary
†Z
e¨w³wU m‡PZb _v‡K ev hv N‡U‡Q Zv ¯§ib Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB jNy Amy¯’¨Zvi †¶‡Î
gvsm‡ckx‡Z Aí SvuKzwbi m„wó n‡Z cv‡i Ges gv_v bZ n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| GB †ivM ïay gvÎ
hyeK‡`i n‡q _v‡K Ges GB j¶YwU 30 eQi eq‡mi g‡a¨ †_‡g hvq|
motor epilepsyPsycho: gvbwmK
g„Mx‡ivM: e¨w³wU Zvi eÜzi m‡½ K_v ej‡Z cv‡i; nVvr †m K_v ejv eÜ Ki‡e, nvuUv
ïi“ Ki‡e Ges wKQy A_©nxb KvR Ki‡e A_ev †m †mLv‡b _vK‡Z cv‡i Ges Dcjw×i Amvaxq
wkïi gZ A¯úó K_v ejv ïi“ K‡i| K‡qK wgwbU c‡i †m cybivq m‡PZbZv wd‡i cvq; hv †m
Am‡PZb fv‡e K‡iwQj| g„Mx‡iv‡Mi †ewki fvM Ae¯’vB anticonvulsant bvgK Jla Øviv
wbqš¿b Kiv hvq| ewfl‡Z, mv‡R©biv gw¯Í‡®‹i †Kvl ¸‡jvi PvR© bv nIqvi mgm¨v
mgvav‡b ¯^¶g n‡Z cv‡i A_ev GKwU gw¯Í®‹ pacemaker mviwKU ‡eªKvi
wnmv‡e ˆe`y¨wZK PvR© bv nIqvi mgm¨v cÖwZ‡iva K‡i KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Apoplexy (AvKw¯§K
AvNv‡Zi Kvi‡b gw¯—‡®‹i Kvh© ¶gZv †jvc cvq), GwU †óªvK wnmv‡eI cwiwPZ, GwU GgbB
GKwU Ae¯’v hv gw¯Í‡®‹ i³ RgvU A_ev i³¶iY †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i hvi d‡j e¨w³ Aem n‡q
hvq Ges K_v ejvi kw³ nvwi‡q †d‡j| eq¯‹ †jv‡Kiv hviv GB †iv‡M f~‡M Zv‡`i agbx
¸‡jv k³ n‡q hvq| GB Ae¯’v i³ RgvU ev i³¶i‡Yi Kvib nq| mvaviYZ †Kvb mZK©Zv QvovB
nVvr †óªvK nq, Ges ïay kix‡ii GKUv w`‡K Aem n‡q hvq| hw` e¨w³wU †eu‡P hvq
†mB‡¶‡Î e¨w³wUi nviv‡bv mewKQy ev AvswkK cybivq wd‡i cvevi GKUv fvj m¤¢vebv
_v‡K, †mB mv‡_ K_v ejv mn Zš¿¸‡jvi e¨envi| GK Rb e¨w³ eo †óªv‡Ki †P‡q avivevwnK
¶z`ª †óªvK Øviv Av‡iv †ewk Kó †c‡Z cv‡i| GB ¶z`ª †óªvK ¸‡jvi Kvi‡b Zš¿ ev gy‡Li
w`K Aem Abyfe n‡Z cv‡i| GB Aí Avµgb ¸‡jv eo †óªvK Øviv Abymib K‡i| †óªvK ¸‡jv
g~jZ 40 eQi eq‡mi ci †jvK‡`i AvNvZ K‡i wKš‘ GUv hyeK‡`i GgbwK wkï‡`iI n‡Z cv‡i|
g`¨cvbvmw³ (Alcoholism) n‡jv GgbB GKwU
Ae¯’v hv AwZwi³ g`¨cvbxq cvb Kivi Rb¨ nq| Ae‡k‡l AvµvšÍ e¨w³wU‡K g`¨cvb Kivi
Rb¨ A‡bK j¶¨ I g~j¨ Z¨vM¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e| `xN©¯’vqx g`¨cvb Kivi Kvi‡b cÖavb mœvqyZ‡š¿i
Kvh©cÖbvjx ¶wZMª¯’ nq Ges Zv‡K ¯’vqxfv‡e g`¨vcvb Kivi w`‡K wb‡q hvq| g`¨cvb
Kivi d‡j Ggb Ae¯’v n‡Z cv‡i hv‡K cÖej D‡ËvwRZ (DT’s) ejv nq| GB
Ae¯’v mvavibZ 3 †_‡K 6 w`b ¯’vqx nq| DT’s †Z AvµvšÍ e¨w³
gvK©mv I †cvKvgvKo †`‡L AvZw¼Z n‡q hvq| kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv e„w× cvq, AwZwi³ Nvg †eo
nq, ü`¯ú›`b Lye `ª“Z nq, †c‡Ui Amy¯’¨Zv nq, nvZ, wRnŸv Ges †VvU ¸‡jv Lvivc fv‡e
Kuvc‡Z _v‡K| hLb GB Ae¯’v †kl nq ZLb †m Mfxi Ny‡g Av”Qbœ nq| c‡i †m A¯úó GK
fqvZ© gwZå‡gi g‡a¨ c‡o| GB Ae¯’v Zv‡K Aí mg‡qi Rb¨ g`¨cvb Kiv n‡Z weiZ iv‡L|
wKQy †ivM †hgb ¸i“gw¯Í®‹ msµvšÍ agbx †ivM; (Cerebral
arteriosclerosis) AKvj evשK¨ RwbZ †ivM Ges mœvqyZ‡š¿i (Parkinson) †ivM hv eqm
e„w×i ev evש‡Ki mv‡_ mshy³| ¯^í i³ cÖevn †ivMwU †ewki fvM ga¨ eq‡¯‹v gwnjv‡`i
n‡q _v‡K| gw¯Í‡®‹ i³ PjvPj KwVb n‡q c‡o Ges †ivMx m„wZ kw³ nvivq, Abyf~wZ ¸‡jv
A¯’vqx nq, K_v ej‡ZI Amyweav nq| Gi Kvib ARvbv Ges GB Ae¯’vwU cwiev‡ii w`‡K
Ae¯’vb K‡i| mœvqyZ‡š¿i AKvh©KvwiZv (Parkinson) †ivMwU 50 n‡Z
70 eQi eq‡mi †jv‡K‡`i g‡a¨ AvNvZ K‡i|
evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq GK j‡¶i gZ GB iKg NUbv Av‡Q| e¨w³i gvbwmK ¶gZvq GwU AvµvšÍ
K‡ibv, wKš‘ nv‡Zi gvsm‡cmx mg~n Kvuc‡Z _v‡K, cv `y‡Uv k³ n‡q hvq, nvm‡Z cv‡ibv
A_ev gy‡Li gvsm†ckx e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| K_v A¯úó nq, Ges wjL‡Z Kó nq| gw¯Í‡®‹i thalamus Gi (ga¨
gw¯Í‡®‹i) mœvqy‡Kv‡li Aa:cwZZ nIqvi Kvi‡b GwU N‡U _v‡K| hw` †ivMxwU‡K Dopamine Gi gZ L - dopa †`Iqv nq Z‡e
K¤úb Ges Ab¨vb¨ j¶Y `~i n‡q hvq| Dopamine n‡”Q gw¯Í‡®‹i
mœvqyZ‡š¿i ¯’vbvšÍi| g‡b Kiv nq †h, GB ni‡gv‡bi Afv‡ei Kvi‡b mœvqyZš¿ aŸsk n‡q
hvq| hvB †nvK GB †iv‡Mi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvibwU ARvbv|
Sids, nVvr K‡i wkï g„Zz¨i j¶Y ev wkï kh¨v
g„Zz¨, GB g„Zz¨ nq ¯^v¯’¨evb wkïi †¶‡Î| mvaviYZ Ny‡gi mgq Ges iv‡Z GB g„Zz¨ nq|
avibv Kiv nq †h, eQ‡i cÖvq 5000 Gi Dc‡i wkï GB fv‡e gviv hvq| Lye m¤¢eZ 4 mvßvn
†_‡K 7 gvm eq‡mi wkïiv cÖwZ nvRv‡i 2 Rb K‡i nVvr k¦vm-cÖk¦vm eÜ n‡q gviv hvq|
cyivZb wbq‡g GwUi D‡jL Av‡Q Ges GwU‡K ejv nq overlaying ev wkïwUi Dc‡i
ïqv Kvib g‡b Kiv nq †h, gv Ny‡gi g‡a¨ `yN©Ubv µ‡g wkïwUi Dc‡i Mwo‡q c‡i ev
wkïwU‡K Pvcv †`q Ges wkïwUi k¦vm-cÖk¦vm eÜ n‡q hvq| cÖK…Z Kvib ARvbv wKš‘ GwU
Lye m¤¢eZ mœvqyZ‡š¿i e„w×i ΓwUi Kvi‡b nq| GB mgm¨v k¦m-cÖk¦v‡mi g‡a¨ wb‡R wb‡R
n‡Z cv‡i, A_ev B‡jKwUªK¨vj ms‡K‡Zi Kvi‡b n‡Z cv‡i hv ü`q wbqš¿b K‡i|
Electric shock treatment: ‰e`y¨wZK ev
B‡jKwUªK kK wPwKrmv c×wZ‡K ‰e`y¨wZK wLuPzwb wPwKrmv (electric
convulsive therapy) ejv nq| B wm wU wPwKrmv c×wZ gv‡S g‡a¨ RwUj welbœ
†ivMxi †¶‡Î, we‡kl K‡i ¸i“Zi gvbwmK †ivMx Ges bvixi FZzeÜ j¶Y mg~‡ni †¶‡Î
e¨envi Kiv nq| †ivMxwU‡K Nygv‡Z w`‡Z nq ZLb †ivMxi gv_vq Zwor cÖevn (electrode) ¯úk© Kiv nq|
GK ev Aa© †m‡K‡Ûi Kg mg‡qi Rb¨ 100 †fv‡ëi we`y¨r gw¯Í‡®‹i m¤§yL w`‡K cÖ‡ek
Kiv‡bv nq| GwU we`y¨r bq wKš‘ ‰e`y¨wZK wLuPzwb (convulsive) hv †ivMx‡K
my¯’¨ n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| †Kb GUv KvR K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv nqwb| 1935 mv‡j GwU cÖ_g
e¨envi Kiv nq| bZzb wPwKrmv c×wZ ev WªvM Avwe®‹v‡ii d‡j GB B wm wU LyeB Kg
e¨envi nq| GB B wm wU c×wZ mgq mv‡c¶ Ges RwUj| GUv m¤¢eZ gw¯Í‡®‹i wKQy †QvU LvU
¶wZ K‡i _v‡K| wKQy †ivMx Awf‡hvM K‡i †h, Gi d‡j Zviv Zv‡`i ¯§„wZ kw³ nvwi‡q
†d‡j‡Q|
`y‡Uv bZzb Jla Avwe®‹v‡ii d‡j 1950 mv‡j gvbwmK †ivM I mvaviY
kh¨vkvqx †ivM mg‡Ü GKUv wece n‡qwQj| 1940 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K d«v‡Ý
†K¬vi‡cªvgvRvBb Avwe®K…Z nq Ges 1950 mv‡j wjw_qvg cwi¶xZ nq A‡÷ªwjqvi GKRb
Wv³vi Øviv| †K¬vi‡cÖvgvRvBb mvnvh¨ K‡i wm‡Rv‡d«wbK Ges c¨vivb‡qW †ivMx‡`i fvj
wPwKrmv ‡`evi †¶‡Î Ges wjw_qvg mvnvh¨ K‡i welbœZv AvµvšÍ †ivMx‡`i †¶‡Î| G mg¯Í
Jlya Avwe®‹v‡ii c~‡e© BD‡ivc I DËi Av‡gwiKv‡Z A‡bK gvbwmK nvmcvZvj ¯’vqxfv‡e
†ivMx‡`i Øviv c~Y© wQj Ges Zv‡`i mviv Rxeb Gme nvmcvZv‡j e›`x Ae¯’vq _vK‡Z nZ|
hLb †`Lv †Mj Gme Jly‡ai Øviv KvR nq ZLb †ivMx‡`i‡K Zv‡`i ¯’vbxq GjvKv ev evox‡Z
cvwV‡q †`qv nq †hLv‡b Zviv wbqwgZ Jlya MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g wPwKrmv wb‡Z cvi‡e| cÖvqB
Zviv hLb c~‡e©i gZ Lvivc Ae¯’vq coZ ZLb cybivq wKQy mg‡qi Rb¨ nvmcvZv‡j wb‡q
Avmv nZ Ges hLb Ae¯’vi DbœwZ nZ ZLb Zv‡`i †Q‡o †`Iqv nZ| GUv‡K ejv nq
†`v`yj¨gvb `iRv bxwZ c×wZ| †K¬vi‡cÖvgvRvBb‡K ejv nq cÖkvšÍKvix/kvšÍ Ges wjw_qvg
Kve©‡bU/A½vi Aj¤^eY‡K GK cÖKvi welbœZv we‡ivax
ejv nq| †Kb Ges wKfv‡e GB Jlya¸‡jv †eª‡bi g‡a¨ Zv‡`i dj/KvR †`Lvq Zv GLb
ch©šÍ GKUv wPšÍvi welq|
DBwjqvg †kjW‡gi M‡elYvi gva¨‡g g‡bvweÁv‡bi mvsweavwbK ZË¡ DbœZ
n‡q‡Q| wZwb †Kvb e¨w³i kvixwiK MVb, Zvi gvbwmK I ˆ`wnK cÖK„wZ †gRvR I gvbwmK
e¨vwaMÖ¯— e¨vcvi G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ m¤úK© Ly‡Ru †ei Ki‡Z †Póv K‡ib| wZwb eskMwZi Dci
†Rvi w`‡q‡Qb, KviY GK G‡KK R‡bi kvixwiK MVb Rb¥MZfv‡e wba©vwiZ| gvby‡li g‡a¨
wZb ai‡bi AvKvi ev MVb j¶¨ Kiv hvq, G‡Ûvgid, †g‡mvgid Ges BK‡Uvgid|
G‡Ûvgid n‡”Q bgbxq †Mvj, `ye©j evû, cv - nvZ I cv‡qi cvZv †QvU | Zvi
†gRvR fvjevmvc~Y© I eÜzZ¡c~Y© wgïK ¯^fv‡ei| hLb gvbwmKfv‡e Amy¯’ ZLb Zviv
welbœZvq †fv‡M| †g‡mvgid n‡”Q †ckxhy³ myVvg k³ ewjô †`navix Ges eo nvZ
cv‡qi AwaKvix| †m mvgvwRKfv‡e Abyf~wZnxbZvi w`‡K Sz‡K _v‡K| Zvi gvbwmK `ye©jZv
c¨vivb‡qW Ae¯’v ch©šÍ †h‡Z cv‡i| hv nj Avµgb AZ¨vPvi gwZåg Ges wekvjZvi weåvwšÍ| BK‡Uvgid n‡”Q
nvjKv Ges f½yi AwZwi³ fxZ mZš¿ Ae¯’v| Zvi †gRvR gb AšÍg©~Lx Ges mshZ cÖK…wZi|
†m wbtm½Zv cQ›` K‡i, gvbwmKfv‡e hLb AwaKZi Lvivc n‡q hvq Zv‡`i ZLb wm‡Rv‡d«wbqv
n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i, ev¯ÍeZv ev` w`‡q ¯^cœ/Kíbvi RM‡Z evm Ki‡e, ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae¯’vq
†Lqvj _v‡K‡ebv gv‡S gv‡S †evKvi gZ weK…Z A®úó K_v ej‡e I AvPiY Ki‡e| hw`I GB
Z‡Ë¡i wKQy g~j¨evb AšÍ`©„wó Av‡Q Z_vwc Bnv †Kvb g‡Z ev¯Íe ev ˆea bq| †kjWg 1940
mv‡j Zvi GB M‡elbv K‡i‡Qb| cÖ‡Z¨K M‡elbv †kjW‡gi Av‡MI Kiv n‡q‡Q GgbwK kZvãx
†kl nevi c~‡e©|
GB ˆRe kixwii Avmbœ wel‡qi †k‡l, G‡jv‡g‡jv g‡bv-kvixwiK welq¸‡jv
we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i| GB Amy¯’Zvi j¶Y †Kvb fvBivm bq, e¨vK‡Uwiqv LvIqvi KviY QÎvK
K…wg we‡kl GjvwR© wel ev wUDgvi‡K `vqx Kiv hvq bv| Bnv cwi®‹vifv‡e ¯úó †h GB
†iv‡Mi KviY mnR mij Am‡PZb g‡bi wfZ‡ii mgm¨v| e¨w³ ïaygvÎ `ywðšÍv gy³ n‡Z
evavcÖvß nq KviY cybivq wPš—v Drcbœ nq| ‡evZ‡j iw¶Z kw³ AbeZ© ‰Zwi ˆe`y¨wZK kw³
†eª‡bi g‡a¨ Ae‡k‡l GKUv fvimvg¨nxbZv Av‡b Ges kix‡ii wKQy Ask ¶wZ K‡i| ¯^vaxb
e¨w³Z¡mg~n GB ai‡bi wek„sLjv ‡fvM K‡ibv, KviY Zviv Zv‡`i `ywðšÍv Rwg‡q bv †i‡L
cÖKvk Kivi c_ Ly‡Ru cvq Ges Zviv Ab¨ †jvK‡`i Abyf~wZ mg‡Ü GZ †ewk wPwš—Z bq|
Ab¨w`‡K †h mg¯— †jvK D”Pvwfjvwl Ges ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© Zviv gvB‡MÖb gv_ve¨_v †fvM Ki‡Z
cv‡i hLb Zviv ivM Rgv K‡i iv‡L Ges wei³ †eva K‡i Zviv D”Pi³ Pv‡c f~M‡Z cv‡i|
wbw`©ó Amy¯’Zvmg~n wb‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i wbw`©ó e¨w³‡Z¡i cÖKvi‡f` Abymv‡i| †Kb Gme nq
ev N‡U GLb ch©šÍ GUv GKUv AbymÜv‡bi welq/e¨vcvi| QqwU mvaviY gvbwmK Amy¯’Zv
n‡”Q- †ccwUK Avjmvi, gjvkq R¡vjv‡cvov, D”Pi³Pvc, gvB‡MÖb gv_ve¨_v, h¶v/
nvucvbxKvwk I mœvqy †ivM|
cwicvKZ‡š¿i Nv/¶Z (†ccwUK
Avjmvi)t GUv n‡”Q cvK¯’jxi ¶z`ªv‡š¿i GKUv ¶Z/Nv| ¶z`ªvš¿ cvK¯’jx †_‡K `k¸b
†ekx RwoZ| ¶z`ªvš¿ n‡”Q bvwofywoi A‡š¿i cÖ_g `k BwÂ| mvaviYfv‡e `k R‡bi GKRb GB
cwicvKZ‡š¿i Nv G AvµvšÍ nq Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi †Kvb GK mg‡q| GUv gwnjv‡`i †P‡q cyi“‡li
g‡a¨ †ewk n‡q _v‡K| GUv mvaviYZ 20 †_‡K 40 eQ‡ii g‡a¨, Z‡e †ewk †`Lv hvq 45
†_‡K 55 eQ‡ii g‡a¨| cvK¯’jxi im aviY K‡i nvB‡Wªv‡Kv¬wib GwmW| GB †¶‡Î AwZwi³
¶iY hv nRg GjvKvi f~-fvM †`nZš¿ †L‡q †djvi KviY n‡”Q AwZwi³ ms‡KvPb c×wZ|
wPwKrmvi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask n‡”Q Avi Ges Avi I wekªvg| GQvov e¨_v wbivgqKvix Jla I bxieZv kvšÍ
cwi‡e‡k _vK‡Z n‡e|
‡k®§v I gjvkq R¡vjv‡cvovt A‡š¿i e¨_v we‡kl K‡i LvIqvi ci A_ev
D‡ËRbvi ci Ges gjZ¨v‡Mi m‡½ †ekx cwigvb †k®§v †ei nq| GUv `~i nq wkw_jZv /
wekªv‡gi gva¨‡g| gjvkq n‡”Q GKUv eo Aš¿ cÖvq cvPu dzU j¤^v| BwWIc¨vw_K
D”Pi³Pv‡c cÖvß eq®‹‡`i cvPu fv‡Mi GKfvM †jvK GB †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nq| ZvB G‡¶‡Î
AwZwi³ Av‡ewMK Pvc Gwo‡q Pj‡Z n‡e|
gvB‡MÖbt GUv GKai‡bi cÖPÛ gv_ve¨_v, gv‡S gv‡S ejv nq Amy¯’
gv_ve¨_v mvavibZ gv_vi GKcv‡k AvµvšÍ nq| GUv GKai‡bi A`„k my² cÖfvi gva¨‡g n‡q
_v‡K| my² cÖfv n‡”Q GK‡Pv‡L ev `yB †Pv‡LB jvB‡Ui Av‡jv Sjgj/ R¡jR¡j Ae¯’v A_ev
Abyf~wZ ev Nvg nIqvi GKUv †evakw³| gvB‡MÖb Avi¤¢ n‡Z cv‡i DVwZ eqm †_‡K Ges 50
eQ‡ii ci P‡j hvq| GUv ïi“ n‡Z cv‡i cwiev‡i, cyi“l‡`i Zzjbvq gwnjviv †ekx
AvvµvšÍ nq| gv_v e¨_v n‡Z cv‡i cÖwZw`b A_ev gwnjv‡`i gvwm‡Ki mg‡q gv‡m GKevi
A_ev K`vwPr eQ‡i GKevi| gv_ve¨_v nq KviY †eª‡bi
agbx¸‡jv I Lywj i³ w`‡q c~Y© nqI eo n‡q ¯úw›`Z ev ayK ayK K‡i f¨_v Drcbœ
K‡i| A‡bK fy³‡fvMx gy³ n‡q‡Q mvB‡K †_ivwc Ges e¨w³Ë¡ cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g| eZ©gv‡b
a¨v‡bi c×wZ Ges ˆRe welq e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q GB j¶Y cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z Ges gv‡S gv‡S
GKmv‡_ gv_v e¨_v †_‡K gy³ nevi Rb¨|
h²v ev nvcvubx Kvwkt GB †ivM nj Kvwk Ges mvu mvu wbtk¦vm Gi
mv‡_ †k®§v, evZvm mÂvj‡bi c_ I GjvwR©i
mv‡_ m¤ú„³| hw` KwVb Ae¯’v nq Zvn‡j Mfxi Ny‡gi w`‡K wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| Av‡ewMK
nZvkvi Kvi‡Y GUv n‡Z cv‡i| hLb Av‡ewMK Pvc RwoZ _v‡K mvB‡Kv‡_ivwc wb‡Z n‡Z
cv‡i|
mœvqy‡ivMt GUv n‡”Q PzjKvwbi gva¨‡g Pvgovi `xN©¯’vqx Amy¯’Zv| GUv
GjvwR©i mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Ges Gi cÖavb ev g~j
a‡i †bIqv n‡q‡Q gb¯ÍvwË¡K welq‡K| Ab¨vb¨ g‡bv-kvwiixK Amy¯’Zvi gZ GUv `~i n‡Z
cv‡i hw` †ivMx cwi‡ekMZ Pvc †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges ¶wZKi g‡bvfve ev `„wófw½
¯^fve cwieZ©b K‡i| bxieZv Ges Ab¨vb¨ JlaI mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i GB †¶‡Î|
evsjv‡`‡k g‡bvwPwKrmK I Ab¨vb¨ G¨v‡jvc¨vw_K Wv³viMY mvaviYZ ˆRe
kixwii w`‡K cÖwk¶YcÖvß| hvB nDK MÖv‡gi †jvKRb hLb Amy¯’ nq ZLb Zv‡`i wewfbœ
cQ›` ev Dcvq i‡q‡Q my¯’ nevi Rb¨| Zviv wnvwgIc¨vw_K, ˆRe ivmvqwbK, Avq~‡e©w`K
Wv³vi A_ev KweivR dwKi I MvQšÍ Jly‡ai e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avevi n‡Z cv‡i
†R¨vwZwe©‡`i Kv‡Q hv‡e| cÖK…Z c‡¶ A‡bK †jvKB GB mg¯Í wPwKrmvi d‡j DcKvi cvq|
GUvi KviY nj Zviv Gme Wv³vi‡`i wek¦vm K‡i| M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq †h hw` †Kvb †ivMx
GB bKj ev wg_¨v Jla wek¦vm mnKv‡i MÖnY K‡i †m 20-40 fvM DcKvi cvq| GUvi KviY
n‡”Q †h, wek¦vmfvRb Wv³v‡ii KvQ †_‡K Jla †bIqv GKUv gw¯Í‡®‹i ni‡gv‡bi GÛiwdb Gi
cÖfve| wgwkªZ ev `vbv JlaI GKB fv‡e cxob ev K‡ói mg‡q mvnvh¨ K‡i|
GKB wRwbm N‡U †eª‡bi g‡a¨ hLb wbD‡Uªvm A·vBW A_ev A¨vKzcvsPvi e¨envi
Kiv nq| hviv civgk© ‡c‡q mn‡R †Kvb wKQy MÖnY K‡i Zviv mn‡RB GB Jla Øviv DcKvi
cvq| Pvifv‡e GKRb †jvK Ab¨ gvbyl‡`i mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i eZ©gvb AvaywbK Jla e¨envi
c×wZ mg‡Ü| D`vniY¯^i“c t †hme †jvK dwKi‡`i Kv‡Q hvq Zv‡`i mv‡_ KvR ev fvj AvPiY
K‡i, hLb Zviv gvbwmK fv‡e Amy¯’| dwKi‡`i mv‡_ hyw³Z‡K©i gva¨‡g †h ‡¶‡Î †Zvgiv
†k‡l nZvkv -wbivkvMÖ¯— n‡e| †Zvgiv Zv‡`i mv‡_ Pj †mUv mZZv n‡ebv †Zvgiv AÁ n‡Z
cvi| †h †¶‡Î †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡`i `vwqZ¡ Gwo‡q PjQ| PviUv Dcvq e¨env‡ii Rb¨ A‡bK
cwic° Ávb I `¶Zv _vK‡Z n‡e| †Zvgiv nvjKvfv‡e †Ljv †Lj‡Z cvi ¸Re iwmKZvi Øviv,
GB †¶‡Î †Zvgiv g~L©Zv, UvKv I mgq AcPq K‡i _vK dwKi‡`i Rb¨|
gw¯Í‡®‹i Af¨šÍiw¯’Z c×wZ/ AvKl©Y (Intrapsychic
Apporoch)
ˆRec`v_©we`¨v †_‡K GwU Kg ˆeÁvwbK cš’v hv Abygvb Ges KvíwbK gZev‡`i
Dci ¯’vwcZ| Zviv c`v_©weÁvbx‡`i Avwe®‹…Z mg¯ÍB MÖnY K‡i| e¯‘Z¡, Zviv wek¦vm K‡i
†h ewn©fv‡Mi Zzjbvq gvbeRvwZ AviË †ekx Mfxi, RwUj I inm¨gq| M‡elYvMv‡ii Zzjbvq
wK¬wb‡KB (¯^v¯’¨ wbev‡mB) Zviv Zv‡`i KvR K‡i| Zv‡`i‡K Mfxi gb¯ÍË¡we` e‡j AwfwnZ
Kiv nq| c~‡e© D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q ‡h Zviv eskMZ cvwicvwk©¦K Ae¯’vi Dci ‡ewk ‡Rvi
‡`q wKš‘ ˆRe c`v_© we`¨vi g‡Zv bq| (d«‡qW GB c×wZi cÖwZôvZv| gw¯Í‡®‹i
Af¨šÍiw¯’Z AvKl‡©Yi wZbwU w`K `uvo Kiv‡bv hvq)|
1| cÖv_wgK wkï‡`i Dci †Rvi †`qv nq we‡klfv‡e Rb¥ †_‡K 5 eQi ch©š—
†Kbbv, ÒAvR‡Ki wkïB AvMvgxi wcZv| ˆkk‡ei NUbvmg~nB cÖvß eqmKv‡ji wek„sLjvi
cÖZ¨¶ KviY|
2| GB Amšy‘ó I AMÖnYxq ¯§„wZ¸‡jv `wgZ Ges A‡PZb| Z_vwc †m¸‡jv LyeB
RxešÍ Ges wewfbœ D‡ØM Drcbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i hvi KviY Dcjwä Kiv hvq bv|
3| hLb GB ¯§„wZ ¸‡jv cy‡bvivq †R‡M DVvi Dcµg nq ZLbB GB gw¯Í‡®‹i
Af¨šÍiw¯’Z c×wZ/ AvKl©Y Gi evav m„wó K‡i| ‡ivMx‡K my¯’¨ Kivi Rb¨ GB myß
¯§„wZ ¸‡jv A‡š^lY K‡i Ges ‡h Amv¯’¨Ki c×wZ e¨eüZ n‡”Q e¨w³ Øviv
Zv Avwe®‹vi Kivi wbi“cY K‡i| hLbB
†m¸‡jvi mÜvb ‡g‡j ZLbB Zv Zv‡`i kw³ nvwi‡q †d‡j| ‡mB A‡PZb Ae¯’vq †cŠQv‡bvi
Rb¨ Mfxi gb¯ÍË¡we` 4wU c×wZ e¨envi K‡ib:
1| gy³ Abyl½u (Free Association): ‡ivMx‡K
¯^vfvweK wbqš¿Y ¶gZv‡K wkw_j Ki‡Z Ges Zvi g‡a¨ ‡h wPšÍv ev Av‡eM Av‡m ‡m¸‡jv‡K
cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ ejv nq|
2| ¯^cœ we‡klY (Dream Analysis): ¯^cœ‡K ejv nq
Ny‡gi AwffveK| d«‡qU Zvui weL¨vZ eB m‡cœi we‡kl‡Y (w` B›Uviwc‡Ukb Ae wWªg)
mcœ‡K ‡PZ‡bi w`‡K ivRKxq c_ wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| mcœ¸‡jv fwel¨Z NUbv m¤ú‡©K bq
eis ‡m¸‡jv e¨w³ Zvi wb‡Ri m¤ú‡©KB wb‡©`k K‡i| ivw·Z `wgZ fq Ges AvKvsLv ¸‡jv
‡ivMxi i¶Y ¶gZv ‡f` K‡i wewPÎ mvs‡KwZK gy‡Lvm aviY K‡i| ¯^cœ‡K fy‡j hvËqv fvlv
wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
3| Afx‡¶cY c×wZ (Projecting Test): (GB c×wZ‡Z ev Afx¶vq e¨w³ wb‡Ri AÁv‡Z Zvi Avkv, AvKv•¶v, fvev‡eM BZ¨vw`
Awf¶vi welqe¯‘i cÖwZ cÖwZwµqvi gva¨‡g cÖKvk K‡i): me ‡_‡K wZbwU
Ab¨Zg cwi¶‡Yi bvg n‡jvt-
K) Rorschach ikvK Afx¶v
1922t (GwU e¨w³Z¡ cwigv‡ci GK cÖKvi Awf‡¶cx
Afx¶v| G‡Z cÖv_x©‡K wewfbœ Qvc wewkó †Pvl KvMR †`Lv‡bvi ci Zv‡`i eY©bv Ki‡Z ejv
nq) GB c×wZ‡Z cwi¶v_x©‡K Qvcv Kvwji wPwýZ `kwU wfbœ ai‡bi Kv©W †`Lv‡bv
nq Ges †m¸‡jv wK Zv Kíbvq wbi“cY Ki‡Z ejv nq| GB c×wZ‡K Kvwj Qvcc×wZ/ Afx¶vI
ejv nq|
L| Kvwnbx mscÖZ¨¶ Afx¶v (The TAT,
Thematic Apperception Test 1935) t- welqMZ cÖksmv
c×wZ :- GB cix¶vq g‡°j‡K mvgvwRK Ges gvbweq cwiw¯ÍwZi Dci Qwei Kv©W †`Lv‡bv nq
Ges ‡m¸‡jv cÖ‡Z¨KwU w`‡q 1wU PgKc` Mí ˆZix Ki‡Z ejv nq|
M) kãvbyl½u Afx¶v (Word Association 1905)t e¨w³‡K ejv nq AbM©j wKQy kãgvjv ejvi Rb¨| Zvi
g‡a¨ hv Av‡m Zv ejvi Rb¨| †hgb- MvQ, cvwL, AvKvk, c„w_ex, mvMi, bi, bvix, wkï,
KzKzi cÖf„wZ G‡Ki ci GK ejvi Rb¨| GB gy³ cix¶vwU cÖKvk K‡i e¨w³i A‡PZb c×wZ,
Ges g‡°‡ji e¨w³Z¡ m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i|
4| ¯’vbvšÍiY cÖwµqv (Transference) t d«‡qW Avwe®‹vi
K‡i‡Qb ‡h g‡°j wPwKrmK m¤ú©‡Ki g‡a¨ m¤ú©K Av‡ivcb cÖwµqv _vK‡Z nq| Gi A_© GB †h
ˆkkeKv‡j wcZv- gvZvi cÖwZ g‡°‡ji †h Abyf~ywZ I Ges g‡bvfve wQj GLb A‡PZb fv‡e
‡m wPwKrm‡Ki Dci Av‡ivc K‡i| ‡hgb- fv‡jvevmv, fw³, kª×v, N„Yv, fq, ivM| Zvn‡j
GB m¤ú©K ¯’vbvšÍiY cÖwµqv AZx‡Zi GB Abyf~wZ ¸‡jv‡K w`‡bi Av‡jvq ‡ei K‡i Av‡b
‡hb ‡m¸‡jvi Dci cix¶v Pvjv‡bv hvq| GB Av‡eM cÖwZwµqv ‡ei K‡i Avbvi Rb¨ wPwKrmK
wKQyB K‡ib bv eis wZwb wbw®Œq f~wgKv
cvjb K‡ib| wZwb e¨w³i g‡bvfve ev Dw³ Aby‡gv`bË K‡ib bv Avevi evwZjË K‡ib
bv&| wZwb †hb †ivMxi k~b¨/ wbieY©
c`©v| wPwKrmK hw` Zvi Dci Av‡ivwcZ GB Abyf~wZ ¸‡jv‡K ev¯—‡e MÖnY Kivi g‡a¨ f~j
K‡i †d‡jb Zvn‡j GB m¤ú‡K©i/ ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii
my¯’¨KiY c×wZ webó nq| Ggb Ae¯’v‡K ejv nq weiƒc ¯’vbvšÍiY c×wZ hv Aek¨B cwinvi
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ab¨vb¨ gb¯ÍvwZ¡Kwe`MY d«‡q‡Wi GB Z‡Ë¡i Ab¨ w`KI D‡jL K‡ib| Zv‡`i
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb- Rvs, GWjvi, ‡isK, Ëiwb, wiP, d«g&, GwiKmb, mywjfvb Ges wK¬Bb|
hw`I Zviv d«‡q‡Wi e¨vL¨vi cÖwZ wfbœ gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Z_vwc Zviv ‡mB AvšÍ- gvbwmK
c×wZ‡Z bZzb wKQy †hvM K‡i‡Qb|
wmMgyÛ d«‡qW (1856-1939):
wZwb n‡jb AvaywbK hy‡Mi GKRb cÖavb weZK©g~jK I cÖfvweZ wdKvi| †m GKRb Bû`x,
Awóqvq wf‡qbœv‡Z evm Ki‡Zb| †m g‡bvwe‡klY Z‡Ë¡i cÖwZlVvZv| †m Ae‡PZ‡bi †¶‡Îi
cÖ_g e¨envi K‡i‡Qb K…wÎg c×wZ, wKš‘ cieZx©‡Z nV¨vr eÜ n‡q hvq Ges Gi e`‡j
e¨envi K‡i‡Qb gy³ Abyl½ c×wZ| d«‡qW cÖ_g Ae‡PZ‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AbymÜvb K‡ib| Zvi g‡Z
gvbe gb‡¯Íi MVb wZb w`K †_‡K Av‡m| h_v:-B`, B‡Mv Ges mycvi-B‡Mv| B` G‡m‡Q `yÕwU
mnRvZ cÖe„Ë †_‡K-Rxeb cÖe„Ë †hwU‡K ejv nq Òwjwe`Ó Ges gyZz¨ mnRvZ cÖe„Ë, hv
Rxeb cÖe„‡Ëi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Rxeb cÖe„Ë n‡jv ‡hŠb kw³| GB `yÕwU mnRvZ cÖe„Ë GKB m`„k, hv Drcv`b K‡i
Ges AvZ¥ i¶v K‡i| †hŠbZvi w`K †_‡K Zviv m`„k Ges fvjevmv Ges hy× K‡i| †m e‡j‡Q-
ÒGK myLx Rxe‡bi Rb¨ `yÕwU wRwb‡mi cÖ‡hvRb, Zv n‡jv fvjevmv I KvRÓ| GUvi A_© n‡jv
mnRvZ cÖe„˸‡jv mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbv `vb Kiv| evB‡e‡ji cÖ_g `yÕwU Mí Av`g I Bf Ges
KvBb I Av‡ej bvUK iƒ‡c cwiYZ K‡i G `yÕwU mnRvZ cÖe„wË| B` myL bxwZ Øviv
cwiPvwjZ Ges Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q mgc~©bfv‡e Ae‡PZb| †eŠ× Abymv‡i Ò mewKQz R¡j‡QÓ| GUv
cigvYyi we‡ùvi‡Y Drcvw`Z GKwU Avmj kw³, †hLv‡b cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q kw³‡Z|
wjwe` GKwU j¨vwUb kã hvi A_© B”Qv| cÖK…Zfv‡e B` ïaygvÎ B”Qv Ki‡Z
cv‡i| Avb‡›`i †gŠwjK w`KwU B` cwiPvjbv `vb K‡i| bZzb wkï n‡jv Avmj B`| †Kvb
B‡Mv ev mycvi B‡Mv MVb Kiv nqwb| wkïwU Abyfe K‡i †h, wb‡Ri Aw¯ÍZ¡ Agi- Zvi
AvKl©Y, wPšÍv I Abyf~wZ¸‡jv kw³gvb|
B` n‡Z B‡Mv MwVZ nh; KviY ev¯Íe c„w_ex‡Z wkïwU Uzwc co‡Z wk‡L, GUvB
me wKQz bq | Avb‡›`i Dcv`vb¸‡jv KvR K‡i bv | Avwg eyS‡Z cvwi †h, Avgvi Rxeb
g„Zz¨i mv‡_ fq †c‡Z cv‡i | Avqbv‡Z †`wL Avwg †`vlx ev Avgvi LyuZ Av‡Q I
`yw©b©evi bq | RMr I gvbyl Avgv‡K †`Lvq †h, Avwg me©f~ bB | ev¯Íe RMr,
AwZ¯^qs MwVZ n‡q‡Q ¯^qs n‡Z, B` †_‡K bq| GUv KvR K‡i wePvi‡Ki
gZ-KvRK‡g©i Dci Ges ¯^qs‡qi wPšÍv| GUvi wZbUv KvR K‡i _v‡K: -m‡PZb, wbRch©‡e¶Y
I avibvi MVb|
¯^qs Gi KvR n‡jv: B` Zvibvi I ev¯ÍeZvi g‡a¨ Avcm-gxgvsmv †ei K‡i
Avbv Ges GUvi e¨_©Zv Pvcv D‡ËRbv, Av‡eM cÖeY I wek„sLjv wb‡q Av‡m| ¯^qs †Póv
K‡i GKUv fvimvg¨ Avb‡Z| B` n‡jv GK eb¨ †Nvovi gZ Ges B‡Mv n‡jv Ak¦v‡ivnxi gZ|
¯^qs I AwZ¯^qs Gi mv‡_ Avc‡m wggvsmv Kivi Rb¨ B‡Mv ev Avb¥v MwVZ nq
Ges GKwU gxgvswmZ mgvavb wb‡q Av‡m | ¯^qs cwiPvjK n‡q hvq Ges Gi RMr n‡jv
cÖvK…wZK ; †hgb- GKwU RsMj, wbqš¿‡bi evB‡i | †mLv‡b †Kvb KviY I dj †bB; e¯‘¸‡jv
ïay N‡U Ges †h‡Kvb n‡Z cv‡i| ev¯ÍeZvi RM‡Z hv ¯^qs †`‡L Zv cÖ‡qvRbxqZv nq, AwaK
k„sLjv I K…wÎgZv nq| B‡Mv †`‡L †h RsM‡ji cwie‡Z© GK myLx I fvj Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨
GKwU evMv‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxhZv c‡o| †hŠb I gvWv©‡ii AvPi‡bi g‡a¨ wkw_jZv n‡Z †`q|
¯^qs I AwZ¯^qs Gi mvnv‡h¨ GBB‡`i kw³mg~n fvjevmv I cwikª‡gi g‡a¨ cwiYZ n‡Z
cv‡i| ¯^qs e¨em&_v I wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| B` cv‡i bv, GUv ïay B”Qv Ki‡Z
cv‡i|
AvZ¥i¶Yg~jK c×wZmg~n:(Defence Mechanism): GUv n‡”Q Ggb
wKQz c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g e¨w³ wb‡R‡K Af¨šÍiwb I evwn¨K Pvc, Kó I `ywðš—v n‡Z i¶v
K‡i| Avgv‡`i Zvibv, Kvgbv, evmbv¸‡jv wbqš¿b Ges G‡`i d‡j m„ó Af¨šÍixY msNvZ `~i
Ki‡Z GUv ¸i“Ë¡ c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| GB c×wZ¸‡jv e¨w³i mnRvZ cÖe„wˇK †Mvc‡b ev
c‡iv¶fv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡i| G¸‡jv A‡bK mgq e¨w³i Avmj PwiÎ ev g‡bi Ae¯’v jyKv‡Z
mvnvhª K‡i Ges ev¯—eZv †_‡K K‡ív‡jv‡K wb‡q Kó †_‡K mvgwqK Dcmg `vb K‡i| G¸‡jv
mvavibZ ¯^vfvweK I ¯^v¯’¨cÖ` bh, Giv Avgv‡`i cÖPzi cwigv‡b gvbwmK kw³ bó K‡i
Ges ax‡i ax‡i Avgv‡`i AvZ¥wek¦vm `ye©j K‡i †`q-hv Avgiv m„Rbkxj Kv‡R e¨q K‡i
Av‡ivI DbœwZ mvab Ki‡Z cviZvg|
Defensive
mechanism (AvZ¥i¶vi
c×wZmg~n)
f~wgKv: Avgiv gvbyl, ZvB Avgv‡`i †`n, AvZ¥v I gb Av‡Q| Avgv‡`i
cÖwZw`bKvi Rxe‡b bvbv ai‡bi Pvwn`v _v‡K hv
Avgiv bvbvfv‡e c~iY K‡i _vwK| †hgb: †`Lv‡bvi cÖeYZv (Exhibition)| Avgv‡`i
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki g‡a¨ Kg‡ewk GB Pvwn`vwU (Need) i‡q‡Q| ZvB
Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Avgv‡`i †kªó wRwbl, ev `¶Zv, BZ¨vw` cÖ`k©Y Ki‡Z fvjevwm| mwZ¨ ej‡Z wK, Ae‡PZb g‡b Zv K‡iI _vwK| Avevi
evB‡i †_‡K hLb †Kvb wKQy Avgv‡`i g‡bi Abyf~wZ ev Pvwn`vi Dci n¯Í‡¶c K‡i Zv
Avgiv Ae‡PZb g‡b A¯^xKviI K‡i _vwK| G¸‡jv me wg‡j Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ ˆZix nq Defensive
mechanism| Gi ga¨ w`‡q e¨w³ wb‡R‡K g~jZ: evwn¨K Ges Af¨šÍixY Pvc, Kó I
`ywðšÍv †_‡K wb‡R‡K i¶v Kivi †Póv K‡i| GB c×wZ Avgv‡`i Zvobv, Kvgbv I
evmbv¸‡jv‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z Ges G ¸‡jvi d‡j m„ó Af¨š—ixY msNvZ mg~n‡K `~i Ki‡Z
¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Defensive
mechanism g~jZ: †ewki fvM mgqB e¨w³i Avmj PwiÎ ev g‡bi Ae¯’v‡K jyKv‡Z mvnvh¨
K‡i Ges ev¯ÍeZv †_‡K K‡ív‡jv‡K wb‡q wM‡q mvgwqKfv‡e K‡ói Dckg K‡i| cÖK…Z c‡¶
AvZ¥i¶vi G c×wZ ¸‡jv A¯^vfvweK I gvbwmK w`K w`‡q A¯^v¯’¨Ki| KviY G c×wZ¸‡jv
e¨env‡ii d‡j Avgv‡`i cÖPzi cwigv‡Y gvbwmK kw³ bó nq, AvZ¥ wek¦vm `~e©j nq Ges
Avgv‡`i m„Rbx kw³ ax‡i ax‡i webó n‡q hvq|
Defensive mechanism (AvZ¥i¶vi c×wZmg~n)
¯^vfvweK fv‡eB Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ wewfbœ Pvwn`v ev Abyf~wZi D`q nq| hLb
†m¸‡jv‡K ¯^vfvweKfv‡e cÖKvk bv K‡i Avgiv Avovj Kwi, `~‡i mwi‡q ivwL, †X‡K ivwL,
A¯^xKvi Kwi ev Pvwc‡q ivwL ZLb Avgv‡`i G cÖ‡Póv¸‡jv‡K Defensive
mechanism (AvZ¥i¶vi c×wZ) e‡j| wb‡P wewfbœiKg AvZ¥i¶vi c×wZmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiv
nj:
1| Repression (Ae`gb): GwU Ggb GK AvZ¥i¶vi cÖwµqv, hvi ga¨
w`‡q gvbyl mgv‡R hv MÖnYxq bq, Ggb wKQy KóKi ¯§„wZ ev Abyf~wZ A_ev Zvobv‡K f~‡j
_vKvi Rb¨ †m¸‡jv‡K m‡PZbfv‡e m‡PZb gb †_‡K Ae‡PZb g‡b XywK‡q iv‡L| A_v©r e¨w³
†mB †e`bvgq ¯§„wZ‡K evi evi f~‡j †h‡Z Pvq| GRb¨ e¨w³ †e`bvgq ¯§„wZi mv‡_ RwoZ
†h †Kvb e¯‘ bó K‡i †d‡j|
2| A¯^xKvi Kiv (Denial): GwU w`‡q e¨w³ g~jZ Mfxi K‡ói NUbv,
wPšÍv ev Abyf~wZi Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i| †hgb: nVvr K‡i hLb †KD wcÖqRb‡K nvivq,
ZLb ¯^fveZB †m wKQy¶Y bxie †_‡K †mB
ev¯ÍeZv‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i hw`I c‡i †m Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i †bq| Av‡iKwU D`vniY
†`Iqv hvq, †hgb: LvIqvi †Uwe‡j
K‡qKRb wg‡j †L‡Z e‡m‡Q Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb welbœ g‡b wKQy wPš—v Ki‡Q| GKRb welbœ
g‡b _vKv e¨w³wU‡K wRÁvmv Kij- AgyK wK wPš—v KiQ? †Zvgvi wK gb Lvivc? e¨w³ gyPwK
nvwm w`‡q DËi w`j, bv wKQy nqwb| Avm‡j †m Zvi g‡bi wfZ‡ii †Kvb wKQy‡K gy‡Li
nvwm w`‡q Avovj Ki‡Q|
3| Regression
(c~‡e©i Ae¯’vq wd‡i wM‡q Avc‡mvm Kiv): AZx‡Zi †Kvb
myLKi ev Avb›`gq ¯§„wZ‡K Aej¤^b K‡i hLb
†KD wb‡Ri Kó‡K fy‡j _vK‡Z Pvq ZLb Zv‡K Regression ev c~‡e©i
Ae¯’vq wd‡i wM‡q Avc‡mvm Kiv e‡j| †hgb:
A‡bK ¯¿x Av‡Q hviv m`¨ weevwnZ ¯^vgx‡K nvwi‡q Amnbxq Kó fy‡j _vKvi Rb¨ ¯^vgxi
†Kvb wKQy e¨envh© †Kvb e¯‘ ev Qwe, A_ev ¯^vgxi mv‡_ Zvi †Kvb gaygq ¯§„wZ‡K
AvuK‡o a‡i evKx Rxeb KvwU‡q †`q Avi Avc‡mvm K‡i| G‡ZB Zviv Zv‡`i Kó f~‡j _v‡K I
Avb›` cvq|
4| Fixation (e×g~j aviYv ev gvbwmK DbœwZi e¨vnwZ): †Kvb †Kvb gvbyl
Av‡Q hviv Rxe‡b msNl© I SzwKi m¤§~Lxb n‡Z fq cvb| d‡j Zv‡`i gvbwmK DbœwZi e„w× NUv‡Z Pvb bv|
KviY Zviv fq cvq, `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Ki‡Z Pvqbv Gs AwbðqZvq †fv‡M| †hgb:
Kv‡iv mv‡_ Avgvi eÜzZ¡ bó n‡q hv‡e GB †f‡e eÜy‡K Avwg mZK© ev mgv‡jvPbv bv K‡i
Zvi A‰bwZK Kv‡R Avwg hLb mg_©b †hvMvB ZLb Zv‡K Fixation e‡j|
5| Projection (A‡b¨i Dci wb‡Ri wKQy Pvwc‡q †`Iqv): †ev‡mi cÖ‡eg
wb‡Ri Kvu‡a enb K‡i wcIb ¯^vgx hLb ¯¿xi Dci †mwUi cÖKvk NUvq ZLb Zv‡K e‡j Displacement| Avi wcI‡bi
g‡a¨ †h mgm¨v Av‡Q wcIb Zv wb‡Ri g‡a¨ †`L‡Z bv †c‡q hLb ¯¿xi g‡a¨ Zv †`‡L ZLb
Zv‡K Projection e‡j|
6| Reaction
formation (cªwZwµqvi
MVb): GwUi ga¨ w`‡q gvby‡li Ggb AvPiY‡K †evSvq hv gvby‡li wfZiKvi Avmj
Abyf~wZ ev AvKv•¶v‡K cÖKvk bv K‡i wVK Zvi D‡ëvUv‡K cÖKvk K‡i| A_©vr Avgvi wfZ‡i
Av‡Q, †bwZevPK Abyf~wZ; wKš‘ Avwg evB‡i †`Lvjvg BwZevPK Abyf~wZ | †hgb: GKw`b K¬v‡m Avmvi mgq GKRb
†mwgbvixqvb‡K †`Ljvg †Mvgov gy‡L K¬v‡mi w`‡K hv‡”Q| c‡_ †h‡nZz Zvi mv‡_ †`Lv
n‡jv, Zv‡K ejvg Ò†Kgb Av‡Qv fvB?Ó †m GKwU gwjb nvwm w`‡q ejj- fvj AvwQ| GwU
A‡bKUv †`vKv‡b _vKv †g‡q‡`i cvw÷K nvwmi gZ| KviY g‡bi wfZ‡i Zv‡`i ivM ev `ytL
_vK‡jI Zv‡`i nvm‡Z nq| GLv‡b Reaction
I Formation G `ywU welq KvR K‡i KviY
Zv‡`i g‡b ivM Av‡Q| Zv cÖKvk bv K‡i D‡ëv
my›`i nvwm †`q| GB AvZ¥ i¶vi cÖwµqv A‡bK mgq - Positive †_‡K Negative
action
n‡Z cv‡i Avevi Negative action †_‡K Positive
action
I n‡Z cv‡i|
7| Undoing (gy‡Q †djvi †Póv): †Kv_vI wKQy
GKUv Kivi ci A‡bK Acgvb‡eva n‡qwQj Zv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c ¯§„wZ †_‡K gy‡Q †djvi †PóvB
n‡jv Undoing| gy‡Q †djvi
†Póv GK ai‡bi Defensive
attitude|
gy‡Q †djvi †Póv Kivi d‡j Zv ¯§„wZ †_‡K gy‡Q †djv m¤¢e n‡jI cÖK…Z c‡¶
Acgvb‡ev‡ai Abyf~wZ gvby‡li g‡a¨ †_‡KB
hvq| Avi GKvi‡bB GKB iKg Abyf~wZ gvbyl ¯^‡cœi ga¨ w`‡qI Abyfe K‡i _v‡K| Undoing gvby‡li gvbwmK Rxe‡b A‡bK †cÖmvi m„wó K‡i hv
gvby‡li Rb¨ ¶wZKi| ZvB †h †Kvb †bwZevPK Abyf~wZ¸‡jv gy‡Q †djvi †Póv bv K‡i
†m¸‡jv‡K Kv‡iv bv Kv‡ivi Kv‡Q cÖKvk Ki‡Z
nq| Zvn‡j Acgvb‡eva ev j¾v `~i nq Ges gvbwmK †cÖmvi †_‡K wbivgq N‡U|
8| Sublimation (mnRvZ cÖe„w˸‡jv‡K AwaKZi mvgvwRK Lv‡Z
cÖevwnZKiY): e¨w³i g‡a¨ AcÖZ¨vwkZ †h mKj A‰bwZK kw³ ev Zvobv, Kómg~n
Av‡Q; †m¸‡jv‡K f~‡j _vKvi Rb¨ e¨w³ mvgvwRKfv‡e Aby‡gvw`Z wewfbœ Dbœqb g~jK
KvRK‡g©i mv‡_ hLb wb‡R‡K RwoZ K‡ib ZLb Zv‡K Sublimation e‡j| †hgb: msN, mwgwZ, wk‡íi Abykxjb
BZ¨vw`|
9|
Humor (nvm¨-†KŠZzK
g~jK AvPiY ev gb †gRvR): GB AvZ¥i¶vi c×wZ e¨vw³‡K AcÖxwZKi ev weiw³Ki †Kvb
wKQyi Dci †dvKvm Ki‡Z AbygwZ †`q hv‡Z e¨w³ wb‡Ri Kó‡K Rq Ki‡Z cv‡i| nvm¨-†KŠZzK
g~jK AvPiY ev gb †gRvR n‡jv AvZ¥i¶vi c×wZi e‡›`ve‡¯Íi †¶‡Î DrK…ó c`‡¶c|
10| Suppression (†Mvcb Kiv ev fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ wejw¤^Z Kiv): Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ †h
wbivb›``vqK †bwZevPK Abyf~wZ (Unpleasant feelings) ev my›`i
my›`i NUbv ¸‡jv Av‡Q †m¸‡jv‡K `wg‡q ivLv ev †Mvcb K‡i †djv‡K ev †m¸‡jv‡K Gwo‡q
Pjv‡K Suppression e‡j| †hgb: ivM ev N„Yv‡K jywK‡q ivLv ev Gwo‡q Pjv| KviY G¸‡jv n‡jv KóKi I
bxim|
11| Anticipation (c~e© Ávb ev c~e©vfvm A_ev c~ev‡ýB Av‡jvPbv ev
Dcjwä Kiv): GB AvZ¥i¶vg~jK g‡bvfv‡ei ga¨w`‡q e¨w³ fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ Av‡M
†_‡KB cwiKíbv K‡i ev wb‡R‡K cÖ¯‘Z K‡i| GiKg g‡bvfve‡K BwZevPK AvZ¥i¶vg~jK c×wZ
e‡j|
12| Compensation (¶wZ c~iY I e¨_©Zv‡K Avovj Kiv): †Kvb GKwU †¶‡Î
hLb Avgiv e¨_© nB ZLb Ab¨ †Kvb GKwU KvR K‡i Zv XvK‡Z PvIqvB e¨_©Zv Avovj Kiv (Compensation) e‡j| †hgb: QvÎ cix¶vq †dj K‡i e¨_©Zv I j¾v
XvKvi Rb¨ evwo‡Z wM‡q gv-evevi c”Q‡›`i KvR Lye g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q Ki‡Z _v‡K| GUv
A‡bKUv †Nvj w`‡q `y‡ai mva †gUv‡bvi gZ| e¨w³i †cÖlYv I Kv‡Ri Dci wbf©i K‡i Dcjwä
Kiv hvq †h, e¨w³ Zvi e¨_©Zv Avovj (Compensation) Ki‡Q wK bv?
13| Identification (cwiwPZ nIqv): GwUI gv‡S gv‡S AvZ¥i¶vi Dcvq
n‡Z cv‡i| GB Identification g~j¨‡ev‡ai †¶‡Î bq Z‡e Defensive - Gi †¶‡Î
e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| GLv‡b Identification ej‡Z gvby‡li
g‡a¨ †h †bwZevPK Abyf~wZ (Feelings) I Pvwn`v
¸‡jv‡K (Needs) †evSv‡bv
n‡”Q| †hgb: GK e¨w³i g‡b A‡bK e¨_v
Av‡Q| Ab¨ Av‡iKR‡bi g‡a¨I GKB e¨_v Av‡Q d‡j `yR‡bi g‡a¨ fvj m¤úK© M‡o I‡V Ges
Zv‡`i †bwZevPK Abyf~wZ I Pvwn`v¸‡jv c~iY bv nIqvi Rb¨ ïayB `xN©k¦vm †d‡j| hLb
Zv‡`i Ac~Y© Pvwn`v ev Abyf~wZ ¸‡jvi †h
†Kvb GKwU PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ `yRbB GKmv‡_ KvR K‡i
ZLb Zv‡K Reciprocal Identification e‡j|
D`vniY wn‡m‡e ejv hvq, †Kvb GK Mªv‡g `yB bZzb eD Av‡Q Ges Zv‡`i
k¦vïixiv †Kvbfv‡eB Zv‡`i‡K c”Q›` K‡i bv| †QvU †QvU wel‡q Zv‡`i fyj a‡i Ges Zv
wb‡q A‡bK MvwjMvjvR K‡i| `yB eDB GRb¨ A‡bK Kó cvq; wKš‘ k¦vïix‡K wKQz ej‡Z cv‡i
bv| Zv‡`i GB K‡ói Kvi‡Y g‡b w`‡b w`‡b k¦vïixi wei“‡× ivM N„Yv Rg‡Z _v‡K| `yB
bZyb eD hLb Zv‡`i ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ GKB Abyf~wZ Avwe®‹vi I mnfvwMZv †c‡i‡Q Zv‡`i
g‡a¨ eÜz‡Z¡i m„wó n‡q‡Q| Kvib Zv‡`i Pvwn`v (fvjevmv I ¯^xK…wZ cvevi AvKv•¶v) I
AbyyfywZ (Kó, ivM, N„Yv) GKB| ZvB ZvivI wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q my‡hvM hLb Avm‡e ZLb ZvivI Zv‡`i k¦vïix‡`i
Qvo w`‡e bv|
14| Fantasy (KvíwYK KíYv ev Kí‡jv‡K evm Kiv): GwUi gva¨‡g
gvbyl KíYvq GgbwKQy KíYv K‡i, hvi ga¨ w`‡q †m Zvi A‡PZb g‡bi Kó `~i K‡i ev
Pvwn`v (Afve) c~i‡b AvZ¥Z…wß jvf K‡i| †hgb:
†gwUìv (The
heroine of the Diamond Necklace), †h Lye my›`ix| Mixe N‡i Rb¥ jvf Kivq
GKRb wcI‡bi mv‡_ Zvi we‡q wVK n‡j ci Zvi g‡b A‡bK K‡ói D`q nq| †m wb‡Ri fvM¨‡K
†`vlv‡ivc Ki‡Z _v‡K| GB ivM Zvi A‡PZb g‡b _vKvi d‡j cÖvqB Zvi gb welbœ _vKZ|
Zvi GB Kó‡K f~‡j _vKvi Rb¨ wgwUìv KíYvq †`LZ †Kvb wWDK ev †mbvcÖavb A_ev †Kvb
A‡bK abx e¨vw³ Zv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z hv‡”Q| wb‡R‡K Zv‡`i ¯¿x †f‡e A‡bK Avb›` †cZ Ges
Gi ga¨ w`‡q †m Zvi Kó‡K fy‡j _vKZ|
15| Retionalization: Avgiv gvbyl|
Avgv‡`i †hgb Av‡eM (Emotion) Av‡Q; †Zgwb hyw³ w`‡q wePvi
Kivi ¶gZvI (Rationality) Av‡Q| ZvB, ïay hyw³ w`‡q Av‡eM‡K AeÁv
K‡i, wb‡Ri Kg©‡K cÖwZwôZ Kiv ev wb‡Ri †Kvb AcKg© XvKv, A_ev wb‡Ri `~e©j w`K
jywK‡q ivLvi †Póv KivB n‡jv Rationalization| A_ev ej‡Z
cvwi †h, Avgvi g‡a¨ †`Lv‡bv cÖeYZv (Need) Av‡Q; Ab¨w`‡K
Avgvi j¾vI (Feeling) Av‡Q| hLb Avwg Av‡eM‡K AeÁv K‡i ïay
gvÎ hyw³ ZK© w`‡q †Kvb wKQy j¾vi f‡q; Ab¨w`‡K Ab¨‡K †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ Kwi (cÖK…Z c‡¶
hv Kiv wVK bq) ZLb Zv‡K Rationalization e‡j| †hgb: 2007 mv‡j bwfwk‡q‡U _vKvjxb hLb
wmW‡i GKwU Avg MvQ c‡o hvq, Zv KvUvi Rb¨
eZ©gvb wekc myeªZ Avgv‡K e‡jb, Òcv¯‹vj, Zzwg wK Mv‡Qi AvMvq D‡V Wvj ¸‡jv KvU‡Z
cvi‡e?Ó †h‡nZz †mLv‡b g‡iv ‡mwgbvixqvb I bexmfvB‡qiv wQj, Avwg wb‡Ri AcviMZv
cÖKvk bv K‡i GK Dˇi e‡j †dwj cvie dv`vi| hLb Mv‡Q DVjvg ZLb †`wL Avgvi cv
Kvcu‡Q Ges Wvj KvU‡ZI A‡bK fq jvM‡Q| GKRb †QvU fvB hLb ejj, Òcv¯‹vj `v, Zzwg wK
KvU‡Z cvi‡e?Ó Avwg DËi w`jvg, †Póv †Zv
Kwi| Avm‡j, GLv‡b Avwg Avgvi j¾v I AcviMZv‡K XvKvi hyw³ e¨envi Kivi †Póv
KiwQjvg|
16| Displacement (Av‡e‡Mi wePz¨wZ): GwU g~jZ:
gvby‡li g‡a¨ †h †bwZevPK AbyfywZ ¸‡jv wewfbœ Kvi‡b ˆZix nq †m¸‡jv‡K hLb mwVK
RvqMvq I mwVK e¨w³i mvg‡b cÖKvk bv K‡i, Ab¨ RvqMvq I Ab¨ e¨w³ ev e¯‘i Dci (we‡kl K‡i wb‡©`vl eD, †Q‡j-†g‡q, cÖvYx
ev e¯‘i Dci) cÖKvk Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K Displacement e‡j| †hgb: Awd‡mi wcIb Awd‡m †ev‡mi KvR †_‡K
ivM ev Acgvb †c‡q evwo G‡m eD‡qi Dci †mB ivM Sv‡i| d‡j †mB ivM Avevi eD Zvi
†Q‡ji Dci Sv‡o; †Q‡j †mB ivM Avevi `iRvi mvg‡b ï‡q _vKv weov‡ji Dci Sv‡o| Avm‡j
GB cÖwµqvq mgm¨vi †Kvb mgvavb †bB; eis Gi ga¨ w`‡q e¨w³i g‡a¨ Av‡iv mgm¨vi m„wó
nq| ev¯Í‡e †`Lv hvq †h, mwVK RvqMvq
mwVKfv‡e †bwZevPK AbyfywZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z bv †c‡i e¨w³ Aby‡kvPbv K‡i| cÖK„Z c‡¶ GwU
AvZ¥i¶v Qvov wKQyB bq| Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b GwU Kvg¨ bq|
17| Isolation (c„_KxKiY ev wew”QbœKiY A_ev wbtm½): GwU Av‡iKwU Defensive
Attitude|
GwUi gva¨‡g †h mKj †bwZevPK Abyf~wZ Ges Pvwn`v (Negative
Feelings and Needs) m¤úwK©Z cÖm½ gvbyl‡K Kó‡`q †m¸‡jv hLb †KD DÌvcb K‡i
ZLb †m welq †_‡K Ab¨ wel‡q hvevi †Póv‡K Isolation (c„_KxKiY ev
wew”QbœKiY A_ev wbtm½)| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq, GKevi †Kvb GK AvÇvq Avgvi GK eÜz
Rwg‡q wKQz welq Dc¯’vcY KiwQj Avi Avgiv mevB Zv nv K‡i ïbwQjvg| †Kvb GK cÖm‡½ eÜzwU GKRb †Q‡ji bvg D‡jL Ki‡j Avgvi
GK evÜex (†h gb‡hvM w`‡q eÜzwUi K_v ïbwQj) eÜzwUi K_v ïbv ev` w`‡q Avgvi mv‡_
Ab¨ cÖm‡½ K_v ejv ïi“ K‡i| KviY †h †Q‡jwUi bvg Avgvi eÜzwU D‡jL K‡iwQj †m
†Q‡jwU Avgvi GB evÜexi Rxe‡b †cÖgRwbZ Kvi‡b GK eo AvNvZ G‡bwQj| ZvB hLbB
evÜexwU †mB †Q‡jwUi bvg ï‡b ev †Kvb RvqMvq Zvi cÖm½ D‡V, †m ZLbB Ab¨wKQz‡Z
gb‡hvM †`q Avi bv n‡j cviZ c‡¶ †m ¯’vb Z¨vM K‡i| Kvib †Q‡jwU Zv‡K A‡bK Kó
w`‡qwQj hvi Rb¨ evÜexwU Zv‡K ¶gv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
Avgiv †`Ljvg Avg‡`i g‡a¨ KZ iKg AvZ¥i¶vg~jK c×wZ Av‡Q| Pvwc‡q ivLv,
mwi‡q ivLv, †X‡K ivLv, Avovj Kiv, D‡ëvUv cÖKvk Kiv BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jv meB Avgv`‡i
Abyf~wZ ev Pvwn`viB cÖKvk gvÎ hvi ga¨ w`‡q Avgiv wKQy mg‡qi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i AvZ¥i¶v g~jK g‡bvfve‡K `~‡i mwi‡q ivL‡Z cvwi;
wKš‘ ci¶‡YB †m¸‡jv Avgvi g‡a¨ †R‡M I‡V| ZvB †m¸‡jv cÖKvk KivB Avgv‡`i Rb¨ fvj|
gw¯Í‡®‹i Af¨šÍixb gvbwmK Amy¯’¨Zvi `ª“Z cwieZ©bkxj Ae¯’vi mvivsk: d«‡q‡Wi
cÖew©ZZ gb mgx¶Y gZev‡` ejv nq †h, ˆkk‡e hw` e¨w³i e¨w³Z¡ (Id) KvVv‡gv ch©vß
cwigv‡b AvZ¥Zzwô bv nq Zvn‡j †m nZvkvMÖ¯’ nq Ges ˆkke n‡Z Zvi g‡a¨ AmvgÄm¨c~Y©
AcwiZ…ß `ywðšÍv ¯’vqx nq| †mLv‡b A‡bK Acwic~Y© KvR _v‡K| mg¯Í †ivM we`¨v ZLb
nq, GKUv kix‡ii mnRvZ nZvkvMÖ¯’Zv| †hLv‡b gvby‡li mË¡v `yej© nq †mLv‡bB GB
nZvkvMÖ¯ÍZv kw³cÖvß nq| mË¡vi (Ego) Rb¨ e¨w³i AwamË¡vI (Super
Ego) Lye †ekx kw³kvjx n‡Z cv‡i hv h_vh‡_vfv‡e
B‡Mvi mg¯Í wKQz‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ Zvi dj nj DwØMœZv| DwØMœZv nj AvksKv
Ges `ywðšÍv hvi Drm nj ARvbv, AcwiwPZ Ae¯’v| `ytwðšÍv n‡jv Ah_v Aeva DwØMœZv,
ev D`‡eM hv †Kvb wbw`ó D‡Ïk¨ QvovB DrmvwiZ nq| mœvqyi g‡a¨ GB Ae‡PZb g‡bi
`ywðšÍv I msNvZ A‡bK mœvqyweK cxovi m„wó K‡i| †hgb: A‡nZzK AvZ¼Mª¯ÍZv, LyuZ Lyu‡Z ¯^fve, KvíwbK †iv‡Mi fq, A‡nZzK
fq, Ny‡gi †Nv‡i nvUv, g„Mx †ivM ev gb
giv †ivM n‡q _v‡K| hv ax‡i ax‡i e¨w³‡K wm‡Rv‡d«bxqv bvgK GK gvbwmK †iv‡Mi w`‡K
†V‡j †`q| GB RwUj gvbwmK †ivM e¨w³i BW&-†K Aek K‡i ‡d‡j| d‡j e¨w³i †Kvb
Kv‡Ri Rb¨, RbMY ev wbR Rxe‡bi Rb¨, †KvbiKg Abyf~wZ _v‡K bv Ges †m †Kej gvÎ ˆ`e¨
¯^‡cœi gva¨‡g AvZ¥ gyw³ Luy‡R|
d«‡qW Zvi Av‡jvPbvq ˆkk‡ei DbœwZi ¯Íi‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ges wKfv‡e
mnRvZ Af¨vm¸‡jv cÖ‡Z¨K ¯Í‡i †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z nq ZvI wZwb Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| GB
¯Íi‡K wZwb gvbwmK †hŠb DbœwZi avc e‡j‡Qb| Zvi g‡Z gvsm †ckxi g‡a¨ GB ¯Í‡ii
†K›`ª¸‡jv nj-gyL, gjvkq, g~Îvkq|
cÖ_g ¯Íi nj Rb¥ †_‡K
†`o eQi ch©šÍ hv‡K †gŠwLK ¯Íi e‡j| G ¯Í‡i Zviv gyL, †VuvU I wRnŸv bvov Pvov Ges
Pe©‡Yi gva¨‡g †hŠb kw³ I Avb›` Luy‡R|
Ab¨w`‡K wØZxq ¯ÍiwU ïi“
nq 2q eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Ges GwU GK eQiKvj ¯’vqx nq| G ¯Íi‡K cvqy ¯Íi ejv nq| GB ¯Í‡i
AwffveKMY wkï‡`i Uq‡jU e¨envi m¤ú‡K© wk¶v `vb K‡i| G eq‡m wkïiv g~Î _wj,
gjvk‡qi gvsm †ckxmg~n †P‡c aiv wk‡L Ges G‡Z Zviv AvZ¥Z…wß I Avb›` Luy‡R cvq |
wZwb Avevi g‡b K‡ib †h, G ¯—‡i wkïi GiKg KivUv nj wcZv-gvZv‡K Lykx ev
`ywðšÍvMÖ¯’ Kivi GKUv c_ | KviY wkïi GB bZzb kw³ LuyRv cÖvqB iwmKZvi cwi‡ek
m„wó K‡i| Z…Zxq ¯ÍiwU †`Lv hvq wkïi
4_© I 5g eQ‡i | wkïi G ¯Íi‡K Am‡PZb wj½
ch©v‡qi ¯Íi ejv nq Kvib G ch©v‡q wkïi †hŠb kw³ Rbb A½¸‡jv‡K †K›`ª K‡i cÖKvwkZ
nq| GB ¯Í‡i wkïiv Zv‡`i †hŠb A½¸‡jv ¯úk© K‡i, †hŠbv½ ¸‡jv mg‡Ü †KŠZznj nq Ges
†Q‡j I †g‡qi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb nq| GB mg‡q GKRb evjK evevi wei“‡× wM‡q
Zvi gv‡K wb‡Ri K‡i fve‡Z ïi“ K‡i, Ges gv‡qi fvjevmv cvevi Rb¨ †m gwiqv n‡q D‡V|
Ab¨w`‡K †g‡q‡`i Rb¨I GKB e¨cvi N‡U| †g‡q Zv‡`i evev‡K Avcb K‡i fve‡Z ïi“ K‡i,
Ges gv‡K cÖavb kΓ g‡b K‡i| d«‡qW GB AvPiY‡K Avmw³gyjK RwUjZv (gb¯Í‡Ë¡ wcZvi
mwnZ cÖavbZ †hŠb e¨vcv‡i cy‡Îi Ae‡PZb cÖwZØw›ØZv I kΓyZv) e‡j‡Qb| MÖxK †jLK
m‡dv‡K¬m Zuvi ÔBwWcvmÕ bvgK Ki“Y Kvwnbx‡Z GKRb gvZvi cÖwZ GKRb cy‡Îi cÖej
Avmw³ K_v dzwU‡q Zyyy‡j‡Qb | wcZvi Avmj
cwiPq bv †R‡b cyÎ ivRv ÔBwWcvmÕ Zvi wcZv‡K nZ¨v K‡ib Ges cieZx©‡Z wZwb Zvi ivbx
A_©vr Zuvi gvZv‡K we‡q K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z †m hLb Zvi GB AvPiY m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb nj ZLb
†m cÖvqwð‡Ëi Rb¨ cÖej Kvbœvq †f‡½ coj| d«‡qW, GB Z…Zxq ¯ÍiwU‡K wkïi g‡bv‰`wnK
DbœwZi Rb¨ GK KwVb mgqKvj wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb|
cieZx© ¯Íi‡K ejv nq myß ev
ARvMÖZ Kvg‡eva Ae¯’v| G ¯Íi g~jZ wj½ ¯Í‡ii c‡i ïi“ nq Ges 6 eQi †_‡K 12 eQ‡ii
g‡a¨ c‡i| GB mgq wkï‡`i †hŠb AvKl©Y ev †SvK Ae‡PZb ev NygšÍ Ae¯’vq _v‡K Ges
e¨w³i AwamË¡v AwaK `„pZvi m‡½ MwVZ I cÖwZwôZ nq| G mg‡q wcZv-gvZv †h mg¯Í
wbqg-Kvbyb, evav-wecwË, wkï‡K wk¶v †`q wkï Zv wk‡L Ges Zv wb‡Ri g‡a¨ AvZ¯Í K‡i|
myZivs G eq‡m †KejgvÎ wkï Ges wcZv-gvZvi g‡a¨B mnRvZfv‡e msNvZ nqbv eis Zvi
g‡a¨ †h mnRvZ ¯^fve I Av`k© Av‡Q Zvi mv‡_ wkïiI gvbwmKfv‡e msNvZ N‡V| G ¯Í‡i
wkïi AwamË¡v wcZv-gvZvi AwamË¡vi Dci wbf©i K‡i M‡o I‡V| e¯‘Z, Zv‡`i AwamËv
Zv‡`i wcZvgvZv‡`i Av`‡k©B cwic~Y© n‡q I‡V| e¨w³i AwamË¡v nj GKwU evnb hv mgv‡Ri
HwZn¨, g~j¨‡eva, Ges Av`k©¸‡jv‡K GK cyi“l †_‡K Ab¨ cyi“l chšÍ© enb K‡i |
P~ovšÍ ¯Íi nj
e‡qv:mwÜKvj| GwU ïi“ nq 12 eQi eqm †_‡K Ges evKx Rxeb ch©šÍ Zvi e„w× N‡U| G
¯Í‡i †hŠb Rxeb cybivq RvMÖZ nq Ges hyeiv ¯^Zš¿fv‡e mgeqmx‡`i cÖwZ AvK…ó I
DrmvwnZ nq| d«‡qW wek¦vm K‡ib †h, ˆkke
†_‡K †hŠe‡bi e‡qv:mwÜKv‡j c`©vcb Kiv AZ¨š— KwVb; KviY GwU GKwU AZ¨š— KwVb I
RwUj mgq| cÖ_gZ: wcZv-gvZviv GB mg‡q
mšÍvb‡`i mv‡_ wK iKg AvPiY Ki‡e Zv Rv‡b bv Ges wbwÏó KZ¸‡jv mgm¨v¸‡jv wK fv‡e
†gvKv‡ejv Ki‡e ZvI Zviv ey‡S DV‡Z cv‡i bv| wØZxqZ:
GB ¯Í‡i e‡qvmwÜi welqwU Zzjbvg~jK fv‡e Aí mg‡q N‡U _v‡K| hLb GB ¯ÍiwU mwVK fv‡e Kv‡R e¨envi nq bv, ZLb GB
eq‡mi DwØMœZv I Øܸ‡jv cÖvß eq‡mi g‡a¨I †_‡K hvq| ZvB GB mgq‡K w¯’wZKvj ejv nq
ev G mg‡q e¨w³i DbœwZ aiv c‡o| cÖ_g ¯Í‡i wek¦vm ev Awek¦vm wk¶v jvf nq Ges Zv
g‡bi g‡a¨ `„pfv‡e ¯’vqx nq| GKRb e¨w³i gvbwmK †h weKvk Zv f‡q me`©v nvivq, mZ©K
nq Ges AwZwi³ mvnvh¨Kvix I †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z Amg_¨© nq|
cÖvßeq¯‹ e¨w³i Rxe‡b SuywK Ges ¯^vaxbZv| 2q av‡c wkïiv
Aek¨B wb‡R‡`i ¯^vaxbfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z wk‡L| Avi hw` Zv bv nq Zvn‡j Zvi g‡a¨
j¾v A_ev fq †`Lv †`q| GB mg‡q Zviv †hvM¨Zv ev Abychy³Zv mg‡Ü GKcÖKvi Abyf~wZ
jvf K‡i| g‡bvwe` d«‡qW wek¦vm K‡ib †h, GB av‡c †h mg¯Í e¨w³iv gvbwmK DbœwZ‡Z
euvavcÖvß nq Zv‡`i g‡a¨ AwZwi³ GK¸‡q ev GK‡ivLv g‡bvfv‡ei w¯’iZv N‡U|
3q av‡c wkïiv c`‡¶c wb‡Z wk‡L A_ev wb‡R‡`i †`vlx fv‡e| G‡¶‡Î †h e¨w³
gvbwmK DbœwZ‡Z euvavcÖvß n‡q‡Q †m cieZx© Rxe‡b AvZ¥m¤§vb‡eva ev wb‡R‡`i †`vlx
fve‡Z wk‡L| hviv wek„•Ljv I cÖwZeÜKZvcivqb Zv‡`i †¶‡Î G mg‡q e¨w³‡Z¡i ¯’vwqZ¡
NU‡Z cv‡i| GUv Zvi D‡ËRK e¨w³Z¡, hv †`v`yj¨gvb, Aw¯’i Ges hvi fwel¨Z AwbwðZ|
Ab¨w`‡K Avgiv ‡`wL †h, wkï hw` g‡bv¯ÍvwZ¡K Ø›` KvwU‡q DV‡Z cv‡i Z‡e wkïi g‡a¨
†hŠb AvKv•Lvi wewfbœ w`K †mœn, fvjevmvi ga¨ w`‡q cÖKvk cvq | Avi ZLb †Q‡j eyS‡Z
wk‡L †h, Zvi evev GKRb †Q‡j gvbyl Avi †g‡q eyS‡Z wk‡L †h Zvi gv GKRb †g‡q
gvbyl| Gfv‡e Zviv †hŠbZv I cÖwZ‡kvacivqbZv wbqš¿b Ki‡Z †k‡L|
Dc‡iv³ wel‡q hvwš¿K / K…wÎg †KŠk‡ji D‡aŸ©I e¨w³i mnRvZ I Ø›`c~Y©
gvbwmKZvi mv‡_ AvPiY cÖ‡qvM cÖYvjx i‡q‡Q| GB D”PZg Kvh©Pvjb cÖwµqv‡K ejv nq
AvšÍte¨w³‡Z¡i mvgÄm¨ weÁvb ev e¨w³‡Z¡i ˆewkó¨| Avi GB Kv‡Ri m‡e©v”P MVY‡K ejv
nq e¨w³‡Z¡i MVY| GLv‡b †gvU 8wU bgybv Av‡Q|
Avi GB 8 wU bgybv hLb e¨w³i Rxe‡b e¨eüZ nq ZLb Zv‡K e¨w³i Rxeb aviv ejv
nq| Gi mvims‡¶c cieZ©x‡Z 16 c„ôvq †`Iqv Av‡Q| g‡bvweÁvbx K¨‡ib ni&bx
(1885-1952) ch©‡e¶Y K‡i †`Lv‡”Qb †h, gvbyl wZb fv‡e Zvi AvPiY cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K hv
8wUi msw¶ß iƒc i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b Avgiv †`wL †h gvbyl gvby‡li Kv‡Q hvq ¯^xK…wZ I
fvjevmv †c‡Z| Avi GB ai‡Yi †jvK A‡b¨i Dci wbf©ikxj ev webxZ nq| Avi †h mg¯—
gvbyl gvby‡li wei“‡× hvq ¶gZv cvevi Rb¨ Zviv we‡`ªvn, kΓZv Ges Ang cÖKvk K‡i|
Zviv n‡”Q ¯^vaxb| Avi †h mg¯— e¨w³iv gvby‡li KvQ †_‡K `~‡i m‡i hvq ev
mvgvwRKfv‡e Ae¨vnwZ †c‡Z Pvq Zviv n‡”Q wewQbœ e¨w³|
cieZx©‡Z, w_‡qv‡Wv‡i wgjb, ni&bxi ch©‡e¶Y‡K 8wU e¨w³‡Z¡i
ˆewkó¨‡Z DwbœZ K‡ib| wZwb †`Lvb †h, gvby‡li e¨w³‡Z¡i ˆewkó¨ i‡q‡Q hv wba©vwiZ
nq hLb gvbyl Rxeb‡K gvwb‡q †bevi mvnvh¨ cvq ZLb| wewQbœ e¨w³iv wb‡Ri wKsev
A‡b¨i mvnvh¨ Pvqbv| wKš‘ wbf©ikxj e¨w³iv wb‡R‡`i Kv‡Q I A‡b¨i KvQ †_‡K mg_©b
jv‡fi †¶‡ÎI AšÍ©Ø‡›` _v‡K| Zviv wb‡Ri ev A‡b¨i e¨vcv‡i `„pfv‡e wm×všÍ wb‡Z
cv‡ibv| gvby‡li KvQ †_‡K `~‡i ev Zv‡`i wei“‡× G¸‡jv 8wU mywbw`©©ó¨
AvšÍte¨w³‡Z¡i ˆewkó ˆZix K‡i|
hw` †Kvb e¨w³, wb‡R‡K †h †Kvb Ae¯’vq gvwb‡q wb‡Z cv‡i, Zvi †¶‡Î D‡jwLZ
†h †Kvb ‰ewkó cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, we‡kl K‡i e¨w³i Ae¯’v Abymv‡i †h bvwK wb‡Ri
Ae¯’vb eyS‡Z cv‡i| mvaviY GKRb e¨w³i g‡a¨ AvšÍte¨w³‡Z¡i mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i GKUv
Dcv`vbB _vK‡Z cv‡i hv Zvi Rb¨ AvivgcÖ` I myweavRbK g‡b n‡e| GUvB n‡e Zvi Rb¨
wbZ¨w`‡bi weÁvb ev ˆewkó¨| Zvici 2wU Dcv`vb Avm‡Z cv‡i hv †m Nb Nb e¨envi Ki‡Z
cv‡i| †hgb myk„•Lj e¨w³iv, KwVb I GK‡ivLv g‡bvfvevcbœ Ges Kv‡Ri Kg©¶g wKš‘ †h
†Kvb cvwU©‡Z †M‡j †m cy‡ivgvÎvq mvgvwRK, Avjvcx I Avc¨vqbkxj n‡Z cv‡i| hw` Zvi
AwaKvi jw•NZ nq,Zvn‡j †m KwVbgbv n‡Z cv‡i Ges `„pZvi mv‡_ ¯úófvlx n‡q DV‡Z
cv‡i| wKsev cÖv_©bvi mgq D`vmxb, †e`bv‡evanxb e¨w³i gZ kvš—-‡Kvgj n‡Z cv‡i|
GB 8wU ˆewkó¨ ¯^v¯’¨cÖ` ev A¯^v¯’¨cÖ` n‡Z cv‡i| wb‡`©k`v‡b hLbB GB
ˆewkó¨mg~n A¯^v¯’¨cÖ` nq ZLb Gi bvg Avgiv cvëve| †hgbt †e`bv‡evanxb-AmvgvwRK,
¯úk©KvZi-Acwinvh©, mn‡hvMx-eva¨, mvgvwRK-m½wjáy BZ¨vw`||
msw¶ß avc/ch©vq eY©bv
1g ch©vqt †e`bvnxb D`vmx e¨w³Z¡ : GB av‡ci D”P gvb`‡Ûi
e¨vw³iv wb‡R‡`i‡K kvšÍ Av‡eMnxb ivL‡Z hZœkxj nq| Zviv †Lvjv-nv‡Zi I Db¥y³ g‡bi
Ges mn‡R D‡ËwRZ nqbv| Zviv Ab¨‡`i mv‡_ Av‡e‡Mi Øviv hy³ nqbv Ges welq e¯‘i cÖwZ
†Kvb †SuvK Abyfe bv Kivi cÖwZ †Rvi †`q| Zviv Ab¨‡`i AeÁv K‡ibv wKš‘ Ab¨‡`i mv‡½
_vK‡Z Zviv D`vmxb|
2q chv©q t mn‡R Abyfebkxj e¨w³Z¡ : GB
av‡ci D”P gvb`‡Ûi e¨w³iv Ab¨‡`i mv‡_ mv”Q›` fv‡e Pj‡Z wKQyUv j¾¡v †eva K‡i Ges
mvgvwRK fv‡e Amy¯’ cÖeY nq| Gai‡bi e¨w³iv Ab¨‡`i mv‡_ KvQvKvwQ _vK‡Z c”Q›` K‡i
wKš‘ Zviv wk‡L‡Q †h, Ab¨‡`i mv‡_ `yiZ¡ eRvq ivLv Ges Ab¨‡`i eÜz‡Z¡ Av¯’v bv
ivLv fvj | hw`I Zviv A‡bK mgq GKvKxZ¡ Abyfe K‡i; Zviv e¨w³MZ m¤ú©K cwinvi K‡i,
cÖZ¨vLv‡b fq cvq Ges †Kvb †Kvb mgq Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i cÖwZ Lye `„p Abyf~wZ cÖeY nq|
3q ch©vq t mn‡hvwMZv e¨w³Z¡ : GB ch©v‡qi
e¨vw³iv Ab¨‡`i mv‡_ m¤ú©K eRvq ivL‡Z bgª-ü`q, †KvgjZvc~Y© Ges ¯^vfvweK nq| Zviv
wb‡R‡`i‡K Rvwni Ki‡Z Pig fv‡e Awb”QyK, Z`ycwi †bZ…‡Z¡i `vwqZ¡ †bIqv cwinvi K‡i|
A‡b¨i Dci wbf©ikxj nIqvi cÖwZ Zv‡`i †SuvK †ekx _v‡K Ges Ab¨‡`i †bZ…Z¡ wb‡Z †`q,
Zv‡`i wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z c”Q›` K‡i| G¸‡jv Zv‡`i wbR¯^ AR©b‡K ¸i“Z¡nxb e‡j cÖZxqgvb
Kiv Ges Zv‡`i †hvM¨Zv‡K gyj¨nxb Kivi Av`k©¯^iƒc n‡q hvq|
4_© ch©vq t mvgvwRK e¨w³Z¡ : GB ch©v‡qi e¨vw³iv euvPvj
cÖK…wZi, mvgvwRK fv‡e AvKl©bxq A_ev Av‡e‡Mi mv‡_ wb‡R‡`i cÖKvk K‡i| Zviv Ab¨‡`i
mv‡_ Nwbó m¤ú©K eRvq ivL‡Z Pvq wKš‘ ev¯—‡e Zv Lye nvjKv nq| Gai‡bi e¨w³iv memgq
bZzb wPËvKl©bxq Ges Avb›``vqK AwfÁZv¸‡jv Lyu‡R| †ewki fvM mgq Zviv M`euvav
wbq‡g Ges `xN©¯’vqx m¤ú‡©K wei³ †eva K‡i|
5g ch©vq t AvZ¥wek¦vmx e¨vw³Z¡ : GB
e¨w³‡Z¡i †jv‡Kiv Zv‡`i †hvM¨Zvi Dci h‡_ó Av¯’v iv‡L Ges ‡ewki fvM †¶‡Î Ab¨‡`i
`„wó‡Z AvZ¥‡K›`ªxK Ges AnsKvix g‡b nq| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Zviv Zv‡`i wbR¯^ e¨w³MZ
†hM¨Zv‡K m‡›`n K‡i Ges AvZ¥wek¦vmxi gZ AvPiY K‡i| GB ai‡bi e¨w³iv Ab¨‡`i cÖwZ
`vb Kivi cÖeYZv †`Lvq wKš‘ Zviv †Kvb mgq Zv‡`i mv‡_ hviv _v‡K Zv‡`i cÖwZ †Kvb
mn‡hvwZv †`Lvq bv|
6ô ch©vq t ‡R`x
e¨w³Z¡ : GB e¨w³‡Z¡i gvby‡liv cÖej B”Qv kw³, A`g¨ g‡bi, Ab¨‡`i
†bZ…Z¡ ‡`Iqv Ges kvmb Kiv cÖeY nq| Zviv Lye mn‡RB A‡b¨i †hvM¨Zvi cÖkœ K‡i Ges
AwZwi³ `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z Pvq I †h ‡Kvb gû©‡Z wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z c”Q›` K‡i, Zviv †ewki fvM
mgq ¯úóev`x, wb`©q Ges A‡b¨i `~e©jZvq A‰ah©¨ cÖKvk K‡i|
7g ch©vq t wbqgZvwš¿K e¨w³Z¡ : GB
e¨w³‡Z¡i †jv‡Kiv Lye AvšÍwiK g‡bvfv‡ei I `¶ nq| wbqg m‡PZb e¨w³iv mewKQy mwVK
Ges h_vh_ fv‡e Ki‡Z Pvq| Zviv Zv‡`i Av‡eM‡K `gb K‡i Ges PvKwPK¨ †jvK‡`i Ac”Q›`
K‡i| Zviv Lye ¯^vfvweK fv‡e, mycwiKwíZ Xs‡q Rxebhvcb K‡i‡Z c”Q›` K‡i| Zviv
AbvMZ fwel¨ØvYx I AcÖZ¨vwkZ Ae¯’v cwinvi K‡i|
8g ch©vq t Abby‡gq e¨w³Z¡ : GB
¯Í‡ii e¨w³iv Amš‘ó I nZvk cÖeY nq| Zviv †ewki fvM mgq wb‡R‡`i‡K fwel¨Øvwbnxb
iƒ‡c AvPiY K‡i| †Kvb †Kvb mgq Zviv ewnM©gb Ges †KŠZznjx nq Ges Zvici ZvovZvwo
wecix‡Z cwiYZ nq| GB †jv‡Kiv †ewki fvM mgq Zv‡`i welbœZv‡K Aciv` †eva wn‡m‡e
Abyfe K‡i| Zv‡`i mv‡_ hviv AšÍfy©³ _v‡K Zv‡`i Kv‡Q `ytL cÖKvk K‡i wKš‘ ¶wY‡Ki
g‡a¨B Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Av‡Mi welbœZv P‡j Av‡m|
GLv‡b wZbwU ew³‡Z¡i wPý Av‡Q hvi Øviv `~e©j e¨w³‡Z¡i bgybv wePvi Kiv
hvq| cÖ_gwU n‡”Q, GB e¨w³ GwU e¨venvi Ki‡Z Abgbxq _v‡K| GB e¨w³ nq‡Zv †h‡Kvb
Ae¯’vq †Kvb †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i| GKRb AbyfywZkxj e¨w³ Zvr¶wYK fv‡e Lye jw¾¡Z, fxZ,
kvš— n‡Z cv‡i; †m mvgvwRK Rxe‡b, ¯‹z‡j GgbwK cwievi ev AvZ¥xq-¯^b‡`i mv‡_ mshy³
_vK‡Z cv‡i bv| Ggb Ae¯’vq †m GZ `ye©j n‡q hvq †h, †m Lye Kg wb‡R‡K Rvwni K‡i
hLb Zvi wb‡Ri wKQy cÖ‡qvRb nq, Ggb wK hLb Zvi AwaKvi j•Nb Kiv n‡”Q ZLbI| GKRb
mvgvwRK e¨w³Z¡m¤úbœ e¨w³ weevn K‡i wKš‘ cvwievwiK wbqg, wbqgZvwš¿K Rxe‡b †m
wei³‡eva K‡i| †m RuvKvj kvwoi wcQ‡b A‡bK A_© AcPq K‡i| †m †cÖ‡gi fvb Ki‡Z Af¨¯Í
Ges Zvi ¯^vgx m‡›`n K‡i †h, Zv‡`i mš—vb Zvi wb‡Ri cyÎ wKbv| Zvi A‡bK eÜz-evÜe
Av‡Q e‡j g‡b n‡jI Zv‡`i mv‡_ Zvi †Kvb Nwbô m¤ú©K M‡o D‡V bv|
2q `~e©j MVb cÖYvjx n‡”Q †h, AveZ©b P‡µi gZ DbœwZ jvf K‡i| Zvr¶wYK
fv‡e, GKRb Mwe©Z, `„p g‡bvfve m¤úbœ cÖgvYKi e¨w³ Zvi mnKg©x‡`i Zvi wei“‡× wb‡q
Avm‡e| Zvi cÖwZ`v‡b †m Av‡iv †ekx N„Y¨ I ivMx nq Ges ejv nq Zzwg †h KvD‡K
wek¦vm Kibv Zv gvÎ cªgvY K‡i| Gfv‡e Zvi mgm¨v¸‡jv cÖPÊfv‡e e„w× cvq Ges
wPi¯’vqx nq|
‡ivMwe`¨vMZ †KŠk‡ji Z…Zxq wewkô MVb n‡”Q w¯’iZvi Afve| GB e¨w³
bgYxq| Zvi AvwgZ¡ kw³ `~e©j| ZvB †m Awahš¿ev` i¶vq Kg©-kw³ e¨q Kivi w`‡K
cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i|
(**GLv‡b gvbwmK Ae¯’vi gyj¨vqb Ki‡Z wZbwU wP‡ýi e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
K) ev¯ÍeZv m‡PZb t Awahš¿ev` i¶v †hgb, mshg e¨w³i ev¯—eZv
A¯^xKvi Kivi KviY n‡Z cv‡i| ZviciI †m e‡j †h, KvD‡K wek¦vm Kiv hv‡e bv|
L) Av‡eMxq `gb t GKRb mn‡hvwMZvc~Y© e¨w³ hw` Awahš¿ev`¸wji mg_©b
AR©b Ki‡Z e¨_© nq, †m Lye mn‡R AwZwi³ nZvkvq fyM‡Z cv‡i| e¨w³ wkïi gZ m¼zwPZ,
Amnvq n‡q hvq, `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ Gov‡bvi Rb¨ †m Zvi eywׇK `wg‡q iv‡L| Zviv hw`
mgw_©Z bv nq, Z‡e Mfxi wbivb‡›` cwZZ n‡Z cv‡i|
M) Ávb mseiY t †Kvb †Kvb
mgq ¯úk©KvZi e¨w³‡`i wPšÍb Ges Av‡eM GZ cÖKUfv‡e `wgZ ev AvUKv‡bv _v‡K †h Zvi
wPšÍb Ges wPšÍvaviv LwÊZ Ges wehy³ n‡q hv‡e| e¨w³ wØavØw›`Z n‡e Ges K_vevZ©v
Gvjv‡g‡jv n‡q hv‡e|
GiKg GKR‡bi nvjKv w¯’iZv hw` mwµq, AwaKZi AebwZi w`‡K †h‡Z _v‡K
Zvn‡j Zvi weKviZ¡ eb¨wew”QbœZv †_‡K wbqwš¿Z wew”QbœZvi w`‡K avweZ nq| ZvB
cÖwZeÜK Awahš¿ev` mnRvZ cÖe„w˸‡jv Ges AšÍ`©›Ø ¸‡jvi wbqš¿Y nviv‡Z ïi“ Ki‡e|
Avf¨šÍixY I evwn¨K kw³i ¸i“Z¡ AwaKZi †ewk n‡q hv‡e| j¶Y¸‡jv cÖKvk cv‡e| GB
j¶Y¸‡jv n‡e DwØMœZv, mœvqyweK cxov A_ev gvbwmK weKviRvZ Amy¯’Zv A_ev G¸‡jvi
mswgkªY|
DwØMœZv †fvMx GKRb‡K memgq D‡ËwRZ g‡b n‡e, wkw_j n‡Z AcivM,
†euvSvw`‡Z AZ¨waK cxwoZ, Dc`ªeKi, wLUwL‡U, fq I Pig `yt‡L Av‡bvw›`Z gb Ges
wb`ªvnxbZv I A™¢yZ wbkv¯^‡cœi cÖwZ Avmw³| Zvi AvKv•Lv Lye Kg _vK‡e Ges m¤¢eZ
AeY©bxq Aemv` †fvM Ki‡e| †Kvb †Kvb mgq Zz”Q NUbv¸wj weaŸsmx Ges g‡bvej †f‡½
†`Iqvi gZ †`Lv ‡`q| GwU nq Kvib Zvi wbqš¿‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q Am‡PZb fxwZ¸wj †f‡½
PzY©-wePzY© n‡q hv‡”Q| A‡hŠw³K kΓZv Ges Aciva‡eva GB `vwei gZ g‡b nq| Aí mg‡qi
g‡a¨ †iMxi ü`¯ú›`b †e‡o hvq, `ª“Z k¦vm-cÖk¦vm ‡bq, †m `ye©j n‡q c‡o ewg Ki‡Z
Pvq, VvÛ Ges `ye©j Abyfe K‡i Ges AZ¨waK †N‡g ‡h‡Z cv‡i|
A‡b‡Ki †¶‡Î hLb AbyKiY wbqš¿Y Ges fvimvg¨Zv †f‡½ hvq, L¨vcv‡U
e¨w³‡Z¡i j¶Y¸wj †ewi‡q Av‡m| mœvqyweK cxov n‡”Q, e¨w³‡Z¡i g„`yZv ev mnbxq
wew”QbœZvi e¨vwa| ZviciI bvUKxq wPý¸wj n‡”Q †hgb, AvZ¼ Ges ˆecixZ¨ (g„Mx‡ivM)|
GB A¯^v”Q›`Zv _vKv m‡Z¡I Zviv Zv‡`i Avf¨š—ixY fvimvg¨ i¶v K‡i Ges mvgvwRK
wµqvKg© K‡i| Zv‡`i j¶Y¸wjB Zv‡`i‡K Am‡PZb DwØMœZv Ges kΓZv †_‡K gy³ n‡Z mvg_©¨
K‡i †`q Ges g‡bv‡hvM, mg_©b Ges Ab¨‡`i KvQ †_‡K mngwg©Zv; GKB mgq Ab¨‡`i KvQ
†_‡K g‡bv‡hvM, mg_©b Ges mngwg©Zv Aby‡iva K‡i|
¯^vaxb e¨w³ mË¡v¸wj mœvq~‡iv‡M †fv‡M bv| hw` Zv‡`i wbqš¿Y mvwe©K w`K
w`‡q mgwš^Z bv nq Z‡e Zviv `y:wðšÍvi Avµg‡Y gw¯Í®‹I mvgvwRK mvgÄm¨nxbZvq †fv‡M|
bxowjß e¨w³ mË¡vM‡jv gvbwmK weKvi RwbZ Amy¯’Zvq †fv‡M bv| hw` Zv‡`i ev¯—weK
`ye©jZv¸‡jv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i Z‡e Zviv w÷‡KvR †iv‡M †fv‡M|
mvaviYZ 6wU mœvq~‡ivM i‡q‡Q
1| phobia (AvZsK RwbZ †ivM)- A™¢yZ I wePvi
eyw×nxb fq †mB e¨w³i Rvbv A‡hŠw³ZK wKš‘ †h¸‡jv Aek¨B cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e| fq
†`Lv‡bv e¯‘ wKQy A‡PZb `ywðš—vi cÖZxK| `y:wðš—vi Rb¨ wKQy cÖwZ¯’vcb Kivi gva¨‡g
e¨w³ mvd‡j¨i mv‡_ `y:wðš—v Z¨vM Ki‡Z cv‡i |
2| Conversion (cwiewZ©Z nIqv) (g„Mx‡ivM mœvqy‡ivM) -
kvwiwiK j¶Y¸‡jv hv Avw½K Amy¯’Zvi gZ †`Lv hvq| †hgb †`‡ni A½ cÖZ¨½ Aek n‡q
hvIqv, kix‡ii wKQy Ask Avmvo, ewaiZv, `„k¨gvb cªwZewÜZ¡Zv, wLPzbx, K_v ejvi
mgm¨ Ges evKv AvZsK ev N„Yvi gZ GB j¶Y¸wj g‡bvwPš—vi cÖZxK|
3| Dissociation (mgvRP~Z¨Kvix) - wew”QbœZv ev we‡”Q‡`i
Abyf~wZ, nZweneŸj Ae¯’vi gZ Ae¯’v, ¯^cœPvixZv (RvwMqv Nygv), m¤ú~Y© ¯§„wZ †jvc,
eû Dcv`v‡b MwVZ e¨w³Z¡‡KI Ae¨w³Z¡ m¤úbœ mœvq~‡ivM e‡j|
4| Obsessive (gb‡K Avweô) - ejcÖ‡qvM mœvq~‡ivM|
†R`x wPšÍv †_‡K e¨w³ gy³ n‡Z cv‡i bv, AjxK ev AmsMZ KvR I ixwZ-bxwZ¸wj hv‡Z
e¨w³ g‡b K‡i Aek¨B Ki‡Z n‡e, wbR mË¡vi cÖwZ m‡›`n, wbqgvbyewZ©Zv, cwi¯‹vi
cwi”QbœZvi AwZwi³ cÖ‡qvRb|
5| Dijection (wbivb›`gqZv) - wbRmË¡vi AMÖvn¨Zv,
Zz”QZvi Abyf~wZ, †`vlx Ges A¯úóZv| wKQy D‡ËwRZ Ges fvi D‡ËvjK; Ab¨iv n‡e
GKvwKZ¡ Ges wbi“rmvwnZ|
6| Hypochondria (nvB‡cvKb)- AUj Ges AwZiwÄZ mshy³KiY
¯^v¯’¨ n«vm cvq hw`I †Kvb Avw½K mgm¨v Lyu‡R †c‡Z cv‡i| GB gvbyl ¸wj wek¦¯Ífv‡e
fvb K‡i bv| hw`I GKRb e¨w³ Amy¯’Zvi fvb K‡i, GUv nvB‡cv‡Kvbwbqv bv GUv‡K e‡j
KZ©e¨ Gov‡bvi Rb¨ †iv‡Mi fvb (gvwjsMvwiI)| )
me wek„•Lj mœvq~i 2wU D‡Ïk¨ i‡q‡Q| G¸wj nj cÖv_wgK AR©b I wØZxq
AR©b| cªv_wgK AR©b nj DwØMœZv Kgv‡bv Ges wØZxq AR©b nj g‡bv‡hvM, mnv‡bvf~wZ I
mg_©b cvIqv| ejv cÖ‡qvRb †h ZvwjKv ¸wj Ae‡Pb|
GKwU †¯‹j ev gvb`Û hv, gvbwmK Amy¯’Zv Ges my¯^v¯’¨ cwigvc Kiv hvq,
GLv‡b wZbwU wbqš¿Y avc D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| m‡ev©”P av‡c ejv nq mnRjf¨Zv ev
bgbxqZv| GLv‡b Avwg AvURb my‡KŠkjx I `¶ e¨w³i wewfbœZv e¨envi K‡iwQ| Avwg
e¨envi KiwQ Avgvi hš¿wk‡íi `¶Zv, †hgb GKUv dzj ej wUg‡K ‡f‡½ †`Iqv| Gmg¯ÍB
Avgv‡K mnR K‡i †`q Avwg †Kv_vq Avwg †h‡Z PvB| Avgvi Rxeb hvcb nj bgbxq I w¯’i|
AZ:ci Avgvi Rxe‡b wKQy Pv‡ci Kvi‡Y Avwg Av‡iv AwaK hvwš¿K cÖwZ‡iva e¨envi Ki‡Z
cvwi| G‡`i ejv nq cÖwZ‡iva ¯Íi KviY Avwg e¨wn¨K I Avf¨šÍixY ûgKx A_ev Pvc †_‡K
wb‡R‡K i¶v KiwQ| GLv‡b Avgvi †ivM we`¨v nj big/bgbxq e¯‘Z: d«‡qW GB ¯Íi‡K e‡j
cÖwZw`bKvi g‡bv‡ivM we`¨v| Avgvi ev¯Íe m‡PZbZv †Kej gvÎ cÖwZ‡iva hvwš¿KZvev`
Øviv mvgvb¨ fv‡e n«vm †c‡q‡Q (cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwZi¶v hvwš¿KZvev` ev †h‡Kvb fv‡e ev¯ÍeZv
A¯^xKvi ev weK…Z K‡i)| GKB fv‡e Avgvi Av‡ewMK Ges Rvbv‡Z m¶g wbqš¿Y n‡jv
†KejgvÎ mvgvb¨fv‡e n«vm †c‡q‡Q| myZivs Avwg fvjgZ KvR Ki‡Z cvwi| hw` Pvc Dckg
bv nq Z‡e Avwg D`weMœZvq A_ev mœvq~weK cxovq †fvM‡Z ïi“ Ki‡Z cvwi| GB ¯Íi‡K ejv
nq Dyscontrd Ggb wK GLv‡b
Avgvi †ivM we`¨v‡K †Kej gvÎ Zxeª mxgve× Kiv|
A‡bK gvbyl D`weMœZv, mœvq~weKZvi, K_v _vKv m‡Ë¡I cÖwµqvkxj Rxeb hvcb
K‡i| ‡m hvB †nvK, Avwg Avgvi Kv‡Ri †¶‡Îi Kvh©µg msw¶ß Kie Kvib Avgvi kw³ e¨eüZ
n‡q‡Q mvgvb¨fv‡e Ges Avgvi wbqš¿YI `ye©j| mvaviYZ: gvbyl GB ¯Í‡i wb‡R‡`i wbqš¿Y
Ki‡Z cv‡i| AwaKš„‘: aŸsm ev AebwZ GKRb e¨w³‡K K‡Vvi Ae¯’vq wb‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i|
GLv‡b wbqš¿YnxbZv GZ †ekx KwVb †h †ivMx Avi mv&aviY Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
GB ai‡Yi wKQy Ae¯’v‡K ejv P‡j gvbwmK fvimvg¨nxbZv hv c‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|
hw` e¨w³i ‡ivM cÖwZ‡iva cÖwµqv m¤ú~Yiƒ‡c †f‡½ c‡o Zvn‡j wZb ai‡bi
†h‡Kvb GKwU Ae¯’v n‡Z cv‡i| G Ae¯’v¸‡jv n‡jv wm‡Rv‡d«wbqv, mvB‡Kv‡dªwbqv Ges
†civ‡d«wbqv| e¨w³i gvbwmK AeKvVv‡gv cwic~Y©fv‡e webó nq| †ivMx AvZ¥-wbqbªY ¶gZv
I mvgvwRKZvi g‡bvfve nvwi‡q †d‡j| ZvB GKwU wkïi gZ Zvi hZ¥ wb‡Z nq| ev¯Íe †PZbv
GZB `ye©j n‡q c‡o †h †m Kíbv I ev¯ÍeZv‡K c„_K K‡i wPb‡Z cv‡i bv| wPšÍv ev
Abygvb Kivi ¶gZv nvwi‡q †d‡j| GB `yi©fvM¨ RbK e¨w³ A‡bK †¶‡Î AcÖvmw½K I A™¢yZ
wPšÍv †cvlY K‡i Ges cÖvq åvšÍ `k©‡bi cÖeYZv cwijw¶Z nq| wPwýZ Pig Ae¯’vi wbi“cY
wnmv‡e G Ae¯’v‡K AwfwnZ Kiv nq| hw` G Ae¯’v Pj‡Z _v‡K, G AacZb NU‡Z _v‡K Zvn‡j
GK mgq Mfxi Pig Ae¯’vi ch©vq Av‡m| GUv‡K ejv nq weavMÖ¯Í e¨w³Z¡| KviY †ivMx G
Ae¯’vq AvZ¥-h‡Z¥i Ges AvZ¥ g‡bve‡ji †Póv †Q‡o †`q Ges g‡b nq †hb e¨w³‡Z¡i
AeKvVv‡gv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c weavMÖ¯Í n‡q‡Q| ‡iv‡Mi MwZ c~ev©fvm †Kvb Avkvi mÂvi K‡i
bv| G ai‡bi †ivMx‡K ivLvi †¶‡Î wPi Rxe‡bi Rb¨ nvmcvZv‡j ivL‡Z nq| GB Dc‡iv³
wPwýZ Pig Ae¯’vq mKj †ivMxi GKUv mvaviY j¶¨ †`Lv hvq| GwU nj nxbgb¨Zv I
we‡”Q‡`i GKwU Abyf~wZ †hgbwU cÖvqB ¯^‡cœi g‡a¨ Abyf~Z nq| †m g‡b K‡i †h A™¢yZ
nZeyw×Ki †Kvb kw³i Kvi‡b †hb †m GKvwU A¯úó I fxwZ Ki c„w_ex‡Z wePiY Ki‡Q| †m
wb‡R‡K g‡b K‡i A™¢yZ ev AcwiwPZ †KD, GKwU fxZmš¿¯Í cÖvYx hv †m †Kvb g‡Z Avi
eyS‡Z cv‡i bv| nZeyw× I AvkvnxY Ae¯’vq †m GKvKx c‡o _v‡K|
GB mvaviY j‡¶¨i Kvi‡Y mvB‡Kv‡d«wbqv Ges †c‡iv‡d«wbqv AvµvšÍ †ivMxiv
cÖvqB wm‡Rv‡d«wbqv †ivMx wnmv‡e wPwýZ nq| Z‡e Zv‡`i AvPiY I AbyfywZ wKQy cv_K¨
cwijw¶Z nq| mwZ¨Kv‡i wew”Qbœ e¨w³Z¡ A_vr D`vwmb Ges ¯úk© KvZi e¨w³Z¡ ‡_‡K m„ó
nq (1,2)|mvB‡Kv‡d«wbqv †iv‡Mi m„wó nq wbf©ikxj Ges `ygbv e¨w&³Z¡ †_‡K mvnvh¨
cÖvY, mvgvwRK, mgiƒcx Ges wØavMÖ¯Í e¨w³Z¡ †_‡K (3,4,7,8)| GKBfv‡e ¯^vaxb I
`ygbv Rxeb Ae¯’v A_vr AvZ¥-wbwðZ, AvZ¥ c¶ mg©_Kvix, mgiƒcx Ges wØavMÖ¯Í AvšÍ:
e¨w³K Ae¯’v n‡Z Avwef~Z nq †c‡iv‡d«wbqv †ivM|
hw` e¨w³‡Z¡i AeKvVv‡gv `ye©j n‡q c‡o A_vr ¯úk© KvZi e¨w³ n‡q c‡o
`„k¨gvb Ges AvZ¥ c¶ mg_©bKvix n‡q c‡o KjncÖeY ev AvZ¥-mg_©K, Z‡e Zv‡K ejv nq
mvavib Pig Ae¯’vi e¨w³Z¡ AeKvVv‡gv| hw` G †ivMxivB eQ‡ii ci eQi a‡i Avi †ekx
Aw¯’i n‡q c‡o, Zviv Lye KgB Dc‡i D‡jwLZ †ivM wbiƒcY Kvix e¨w³Z¡i mshy³ Pig
Ae¯’vi Aatch©vq Zviv Ae¯’vb K‡i hv‡K ejv nq mxgvšÍ Ae¯’vbKvix e¨w³Z¡| ‡K wKiƒc
Ae¯’v n‡Z G‡m‡Q Zvi Dci wbf©i K‡i G‡`i‡K wkR‡qU (Schizoid), †civb‡qU (Paranoid) Ges mvB‡Kv‡qU
(Cycloid) e¨w³Z¡ wnmv‡e
AwfwnZ Kiv nq| e¨w³‡Z¡i f½yiZv Ges Aw¯’iZv m‡Ë¡I G ai‡bi †ivMxiv ev¯ÍeZv ¯ú‡k©
Avm‡Z cv‡i Ges Lye Kó K‡i mgv‡Ri m`m¨ wnmv‡e KvR K‡i †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †hfv‡e Dc‡i
D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i e¨w³‡Z¡i f½yiZvq cÖ‡qvRb nq i¶Y cÖwµqvi e¨envi Ges fq,
mœvqyweK weKjZv Ges g‡bv ˆ`wnK cxovmg~‡ni cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †¶‡Î Giv mdjZv AR©b Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv|
hvB †nvK, mg‡qi mv‡_ Zv‡`i Ab¨Zg wecRbK gyû©Z n‡”Q †h, Zviv GK mg‡q
gvbwmK e¨wa‡Z Kó cv‡e| G¸‡jv ¶wZc~i‡Y A¶g e¨w³‡Z¡i mv‡_ cv_©K¨ †hvM¨ †h, H mg¯Í
wPwýZ Pig DcmM©¸wj Giƒc cwi‡e‡k msKURbK Z‡e `xN©Kvjxb bq| G Ae¯’vq †ivMx Ges
†iv‡Mi DcmM©¸wj †`L‡Z GK cÖKvi AbyfywZ k~b¨, wbf©ikxj ev m‡›`nevwZK e¨w³‡Z¡i
g‡b nq| hw`I G mKj gvbwmK e¨waMÖ¯’ e¨w³iv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e msw¶ß mg‡qi Rb¨
w¯’wZKvj _vK‡Z cÖeYZv Z‡e ¯’vwq‡Z¡i Rb¨ bq, †hgbwU wPwýZ e¨w³‡Z¡i g‡a¨ †mB
cÖebZv n‡q‡Q|
DcmM©¸wji Dci wfwË K‡i Zviv AvUwU ev AvU cÖKvi gvbwmK e¨wa‡K cÖ`k©b K‡i hv Avevi †ivM wbiƒcbKvix e¨w³‡K
Zz‡j a‡i| G¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡K we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡e| cÖ_g wZbwU DcmM© †`L‡Z
GK cÖKvi åvšÍ aviYv e‡j g‡b nq| Z‡e Zv ¯’vqx bq eis `~i n‡q hv‡”Q| 1)
Abyf~wZnxY ev D`vmxbZvi e¨wa cÖZ¨vnvi fvev Rxe¤§Z, GKB Ae¯’vi N›Uvi ci N›U e‡m _v‡K|
Gi c‡iiUv‡K ejv nq wbðj cÖK…wZi †ivMx 2) fvsPzi Kivi e¨wa- wfbœgyLx,
G‡jv‡g‡jv, mgq RvqMv Ges wb‡Ri cwiPq m¤ú‡K© A¯úó| Ah_v gyL †P‡c nvmv, A™¢yZ
PjvPj Ges k‡ãi mswgkªY †`Lv hvq| 3) Motor rigity e¨wa- Nywl
gviv, `yB †Pvqvj `„pfv‡e eÜ ivLv, wbw`©ó Ae¯’vb| G‡K Avevi g~Q©v †ivMI ejv nq|
‡ivMx‡K GK †ivLv ev †R`x cÖK…wZi Ges Amn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e †`Lv hvq|
cieZx© wZbwU wew”Qbœ mvB‡Kvwmm †ivM GKB ai‡bi DcmM© cÖ`k©b K‡i
wbf©ikxj I DfqgyLx e¨w³Z¡ †ivMxi cÖwZ| cybivq Zvi AvPiY ¶Y¯’vqx mvaviYZ cÖvšÍ
fv‡e AvµvšÍ n‡j †hgb AvPiY K‡i †Zgb bq| ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK weKv‡k evav¸‡jv nj:
nvZkv, wek„sLjv, evowZ ev †evSv¯^i~c, K¬všÍ g‡b nIqv, welbœZv, cÖZ¨vLvb, AZxZ
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evavMÖ¯’, wek„sLjv Ave¯’v, wew¶ß aviYv Ges Av‡eM mg~n, wek„sLjv, ZeyI
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I wbg©gZvq| Gi wecix‡Z GKR‡bi wek¦vmNvZKZv I cÖwZ‡kvac~Y© AvPiY Avkv Kiv hvq|
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Zv‡`i i‡q‡Q GK D`vmxb we‡eK Ges †h wKš‘ mg¯Í wbg©gZv I mvgvwRK `vwq‡Z¡i D‡aŸ©
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A_ev GKRb Ab¨R‡bi wfZ‡i| †mLv‡b wek¦¯Ívi Afve Ges g~j wbf©iZvi Afve i‡q‡Q| Z‡e
GB gZvgZ MÖnYxq bq †h hLb GKRb AcgvwYZ wKsev AvnZ nq Zvi cÖwZwµqv D`vmxb bq| GB
ai‡bi †jv‡Kiv cÖwZÁv fv½v, Pzw³, ---‡Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i Z¨vM K‡ib Ges Kg©Pvix‡`i‡K
wbivkvMÖ¯’ K‡ib|
Jungian-g‡bvwe`¨v
Jungian-g‡bvwe`¨v gvby‡li Pvi (4) ai‡Yi DbœwZi
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cÖ_g Ae¯’vq GKRb e¨w³‡K Zvi AvwgZ¡ †_‡K c„_K Ki‡Z n‡e Ges GKRb
e¨w³ cÖK…Zc‡¶ wK Zv Luy‡R †ei Kivi †Pó Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv‡K Aek¨B Zvi Mfx‡i cÖ‡ek
Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zvi wfZ‡ii AvwgZ¡‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e wb‡R‡K
Avwe¯‹vi Kivi gva¨‡g cÖK…Z e¨w³‡K Luy‡R cvIqv hvq, hv‡K Av¯’vfvRb e¨w³ wnmv‡e
mbv³ Kiv hvq|
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gva¨‡g Ab¨ e¨w³i mv‡_| ZLb †m c„_K †_‡K wgjbve× nq Ges Abyfe K‡i †h Zvi cÖK…Z
¯^iƒc mnfvwMZvi gva¨‡g A_ev K‡_vcK_‡bi gva¨‡g cwic~Y©Zv jvf K‡i|
Z„Zxq Ae¯’vq GKRb e¨w³ m½e×Rxeb AwfÁZv K‡i, e¨w³i †PuvL ZLb
Ly‡j hvq Ges †m Abyfe K‡i †h fvj ev g›` †nvK Avgiv mevB gvbyl¨ RvwZ; Avgv‡`i
Rxeb ¶Y¯’vqx| e¨w³ Abyaveb K‡i mve©Rbxb HK¨ Ges Ávb AR©b K‡i †h, Avgiv ci¯úi
fvB-‡evb| cÖvPxbKv‡j g~j Av`‡k©i
cÖwZg~wZ© Zvi Kv‡Q †Rvovj K‡Ú e‡j Avgv‡`i mve©Rbxb D‡Ïk¨ Ges cÖvPxbZv wK| e¨w³
wkL‡Z ïi“ K‡i mngwg©Zv Ges Zv‡K Zvi e¨w³MZ RMZ MV‡b ¯^vaxb K‡i †Zv‡j|
PZz_© Ae¯’vq e¨w³ Ck¦‡ii
Av`‡k©i Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K mgú©Y K‡i| cÖvPxbKv‡j Ck¦‡ii Av`k© Dc¯’vcbv Kiv n‡qwQj
fvj-g›`, AÜKvi-Av‡jvi mgš^‡q GB cÖwZg~wZ© wQj GKw`‡K gy³ I Ab¨w`‡K fqvbK|
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e¨w³, hxïi g‡a¨ †`L‡Z ïi“ K‡i hxïi Av`k©¨ Ges AÜKvi †_‡K Av‡jv Ges fvj †_‡K
g›`‡K c„_K Ki‡Z| kqZvb, weZvwiZ ¯^M©`~Z †_‡K wb‡R‡K c„_K K‡i| hxïi gva¨‡g Avgiv
Ck¦‡ii fvjZ¡‡K Luy‡R cvB Ges Zuvi Av‡jv‡Z c_ Pwj| Gfv‡e gb I AvZ¥v Ck¦i †_‡K
DrcwË| †m ZLb n‡q D‡V Zuvi wcÖqZgv| Rvs wek¦vm KiZ †h, GB ai‡bi c×wZ `~j©ffv‡e
cwic°Zvq DrmvwiZ nq ga¨ eq‡mi Av‡M|
GwiK evi‡Y GKRb d«qwWq g‡bvwe` whwb Av`vb-cÖ`vb we‡kl‡Yi D™¢veK|
wZwb Zvi wcZv-gvZv, eq¯‹-eq¯‹v Ges wkï †_‡K d«‡q‡Wi ¯^Ë¡v, Awa¯^Ë¡v I
g‡bvtmgx¶Y gZev‡`i aviYv jvf K‡ib| GB aviYv cwiwPwZi w`K †_‡K d«‡q‡Wi mv‡_
cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q hw`I wKQzUv mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q| Z‡e d«‡qW Av‡iv †ekx RwUj| ev‡Y©i D‡Ïk¨
wQj Zvi gZvgZ †hb mvaviY gvbyl eyS‡Z cv‡i| wU, G, GK ai‡bi RbwcÖq wPwKrmv| GU
gvbyl‡K Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i‡K eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges Ab¨‡`i GB wZb ai‡bi KvR Ki‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i| evi‡Yi me©vwaK cÖKvwkZ eB ÒGomes people play” hv
1968
mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb Av‡iv `ywU eB cÖKvk K‡ib| eB¸‡jv n‡jv : Ò
what do you say after you say Hello” Ges ÒScripts People
live”
nvwi‡mi iwPZ eB ÒI am ok, You are ok” hv evi‡Yi wU,
G, gZev‡`i Dci wfwË K‡i iwPZ n‡qwQj| evi‡Y 1972 mv‡j gviv hvb|
`„k¨gvb c`‡¶c
GUv‡K gvbexq g‡bvwe`¨vI ejv nq| GUvi Aš—wb©wnZ ¯^Ë¡v c×wZi mv‡_ wgj
i‡h‡Q wKbv Zv weÁvb m¤§Z wbf©~jZv Ges AwfÁZvjä Áv‡bi Dci cÖvavb¨ ‡`q, hv Zv‡`i
c×wZi Drm| Zviv wek¦vm K‡i †h Aí K‡VviZv c×wZ¸‡jv Dchy³ Ges mvnvh¨Kvix wQj
weÁv‡bi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q| Zviv wek¦vm KiZ †h
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mg‡Ü djvdj Zz‡j a‡i Ges AvPiY me‡P‡q †ekx Zvrch©c~Y© Ges GB dj Zv‡K g~j¨‡ev‡ai
mb¥y‡L `uvo Kivq| cÖ‡Z¨K gvbyl c„w_ex‡K wewfbœfv‡e †`‡L Ges wewfbœfv‡e Zvi
Abyf~wZ e¨³ K‡i| GB we‡kl Dcjwä GKRb e¨w³i †¶‡Î cÖavb KviY †h, g‡bvwe`¨vi GB
kvLv wewfbœ gZev` Z¨vM K‡i Ges mgwóMZ gvby‡li Rxe‡bi AwfÁZv‡K D”P gv‡b wb‡q hvq
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gvby‡li e¨w³Z¡ n‡”Q m‡e©vrK…ó aviYvK…Z GKK Ges D”P I ALÊ c×wZ| e¨w³ev`x
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K‡i _v‡K|
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`k©‡b hviv wek¦vm K‡i †mUv A¯^v¯’¨Ki gvbwlK wµqv c„_K K‡i| hLb GKRb
e¨w³ `yB ai‡Yi wek¦vm A_ev AvPiY jvjb K‡i †m¸‡jv G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ Am½Z Ges
wew”Qbœ Amyweav NUvq| GB ai‡bi gZ‡f` `Õyai‡bi Áv‡bi K_v hv GKwUi mv‡_ AciwUi
wgj †bB| GUv N‡U hLb GKRb e¨w³ wek¦vm K‡i hv Abyfe K‡i †h, GB NVbvUv mZ¨
Ab¨vb¨‡`i Pv‡ci gy‡L Zvi Dci Pvwc‡q †`qv nq ZLb ‡m wØavMÖ¯’ nq| GB KviY ¸‡jv
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gvbyl wek¦vm K‡i †h, cÖK…Zc‡¶ gvbexq †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb n‡jv e¨w³i †¶‡Î Zvi wb‡Ri
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cÖwZôv K‡i| Ab¨K_vq wb‡Ri DrKl© mva‡bi Rb¨ welq avh© I cwiPvjbv Kivi †¶‡Î g‡°jB
`¶ †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv ev civgk© `vZv bq| civgk©`vZv Dc‡`‡ki ga¨w`‡q mnvqZv K‡ib bv
eis g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mwnZ K_v †kvbvi ga¨w`‡q K‡i _v‡Kb hv‡K mwµq kªeY e‡j|
GKRb g‡bvweÁvbx Gfv‡e Dcjwä I eyS‡Z cv‡i Zvi AšÍi mË¡vUv †Kgb?
civgk©K e¨w³ †hfv‡e Zvi AwfÁZv I mgm¨v ¸‡jv eY©bv K‡i †Kvb iƒc fvjg›` wePvi bv
K‡iB wZwb †kv‡bb| Gfv‡e mvnvh¨Kvix †m e¨w³i g‡a¨ Dcw¯’Z _v‡Kb| civgk©K Ges
g‡°‡ji mv‡_ m¤úK© m„wó K‡i Ges GUv ‡mB m¤úK© hv e¨w³‡K wbivgq K‡i| GKRb e¨w³i
AwfÁZvi mv‡_ Ab¨ e¨w³i mwZ¨Kvi m¤ú‡K©i d‡j †mB e¨w³ my¯’Zvi w`‡K avweZ nq| GUv
PgrKvi Ges mvgÄm¨c~Y© m¤ú‡K©i cÖKvk| †Kbbv GB m¤úK© gvbe RvwZi GKRb m`‡m¨i mv‡_
m¤úK© hy³| iRvi wek¦vm K‡ib †h, †Kvb cÖwk¶K bq eis GKRb mvaviY gvbyl Ab¨‡`i
my¯’ K‡i †Zv‡j A_ev Zv‡`i‡K my¯’ n‡Z mg_© K‡i †Zv‡j|
iRvi Av‡iv wek¦vm K‡i †h civgk© `v‡bi mgq K_v¸‡jv Aek¨B Av‡ivM¨
`vbKvixi gZ n‡Z n‡e| kã e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e LyeB †f‡e wP‡š—| g‡°‡ji Rb¨ ïaygvÎ
Dc‡`k K`vwPZ cª‡qvRb nq| hv me‡P‡q †ewk cÖ‡qvRb Zv n‡”Q g‡°‡ji K_v †kvbv|
wPwKrm‡Ki K_v bq, †ivMxi g‡bi K_vB n‡”Q GLvbKvi wPwKrmK| Ab¨K_vq g‡°j wb‡RB Zvi
Wv³vi, ÒwPwKrmK wb‡RB wb‡R‡K my¯’ K‡i †Zv‡j|Ó GRb¨ iRvi g‡b K‡ib civgk© `v‡bi
mgq g‡°‡ji Dci cÖvavb¨ we¯Ívi wbqš¿Y ev †m e¨w³i Rb¨ †Kvb aviYv ev B”Qv¸‡jv
wba©viY K‡i †`Iqv wVK bq| mnvbyf~wZ ev
mvšÍbv `v‡bi m¤úK© Ab¨iKg| wPwKrmK g‡°‡ji K_v †kvbv I mvov `vb‡K e‡j
h_v_© mngwg©Zv| h_v_© mngwg©Zvi A_© n‡”Q Avwg †Kvb e¨w³i AšÍtRMr Zvi gZ K‡i
eyS‡Z cvwi †hb GUv Avgvi wb‡Ri †Kvb welq| civgk©‡Ki cÖ‡kœ‡Ëvi mvaviYZ ev¯Íe
m¤§Z Ges msw¶ß| ms‡¶‡c ejv hvq †Kvb e¨w³i Pvgovq †hvM Kiv Ges Zv‡K eyS‡Z †`Iqv
†h Zvi Abyf~wZUv †Kgb Zv Avwg eS‡Z †c‡iwQ| hw`I Avwg e¨_© nB, Avwg hw` Zvi
Ae¯’v eyS‡Z ïay †Póv Kwi Gi A_© n‡”Q †h Avwg Zv‡K e¨w³ wn‡m‡e gh©v`v w`w”Q Ges
Avwg wek¦vm Kwi †h Zvi Abyf~wZ Ges g‡bi Ae¯’v eyS‡Z m¶g| cÖwZ‡ekx‡K fvjevmvi
A_© n‡”Q Zv‡`i Rb¨ Avgvi Rxe‡b RvqMv †`Iqv hv‡Z Zviv wb‡R‡`i c_ Lyu‡R wb‡Z
cv‡i| Gi A_© n‡”Q Zviv hv, Zv‡`i Zv n‡Z †`Iqv| iRvi kZ©nxb BwZevPK `„wófw½ K_v
e‡jb| civgk©K GB ai‡Yi g‡bvfve Zvi g‡°‡ji cÖwZ iRvi †Póv K‡ib| Gi A_© n‡”Q GKRb
e¨w³ †h iKg, †mfv‡eB Zv‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z Avwg †Póv Kwi Ges †m e¨w³‡K g~j¨vqb ev
wePvi bv K‡i| G m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î civgk©K g‡°‡ji Kv‡Q Lªx‡ói cÖwZg~wZ© wn‡m‡e
we‡ewPZ nq Ges e¨w³ AvNvZ †n‡q wcQ‡b wd‡i bv| m¤§vb kãwU g‡°‡ji cÖwZ civgk©‡Ki
g‡bvfv‡eiB †hvMdj| iRvim kZ©nxb BwZevPK gh©v`vi K_v e‡jb Gi A_© n‡”Q Avwg G
e¨w³‡K †m hv †mfv‡e MÖnY Kwi KviY †m GKRb AvgviB g‡Zv gvbyl| Avwg hw` †m e¨w³i
cÖwZ mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© wek¦vm _v‡K Zvn‡j Avwg Zv‡K Aek¨B wek¦vm Kie| Avwg wek¦vm Kwi
†h G e¨w³i g‡a¨ wb‡R‡K cwieZ©b Ges e„w× NUv‡bvi Rb¨ Af¨š—wib m¤ú` Ges kw³ i‡q‡Q|
e¨w³i cÖwZ G ai‡bi g‡bvfve Av‡iv cÖKvk K‡i †h Avwg Zvi cv‡k i‡qwQ, Avwg Zvi
Rb¨| cÖwZwU e¨w³i wfZ‡i GKwU myß m¤¢vebv wb‡q GwM‡q P‡j| hLbB G e¨w³‡`i Dci †KD
hw` wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡i(myß m¤¢vebv ¸‡jv cÖKvk cvq)| G †¶‡Î hv cvIqv hvq Zv
e¨e¯’vcbv‡K `vqx Kiv hvq bv|
cwi‡k‡l gh©v`v A_© n‡”Q g‡°‡ji mv‡_ wPwKrm‡Ki KvR Kivi B”Qv Ges
wek¦vm Kiv †h, mgq I kw³ wewb‡qvM Kiv A_©en| kZ©nxb k‡ãi A_© n‡”Q †Kvb kZ©
QvovB GKRb e¨w³ †hgb †mfv‡eB Zv‡K MÖnY Kiv| DËg wcZvgvZv Zv‡`i mš—vb fvj ev g›`
GB Kvi‡Y fvjev‡mbv eis Zviv †h Zv‡`i mš—vb GB Kvi‡YB fvjev‡m Ges Gfv‡e Ck¦i
Avgv‡`i kZ©nxb fv‡e fvjev‡m| Avgv‡`i‡K Zuvi fvjevmv AR©b K‡i wb‡Z nq bv|
djcÖkÖ“ civgk©‡K Aek¨B LuvwU n‡Z n‡e| GKRb e¨w³i mv‡_ m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi
†¶‡Î Avgv‡K Aek¨B Avmj Ges Am¤ú~Y© e¨w³ n‡Z n‡e| _¨vivwc÷ m¤úK© hy³ e¨w³i mv‡_
Zvi mvg‡b cÖKv‡k¨ Abyf~wZ Ges g‡bvfve ¸‡jv‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z nq hv †m e¨w³ †_‡K Av‡m|
civgk©K G mg¯— Abyf~wZ¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Ges hw` Zv cÖ‡qvRb g‡b K‡ib Zvn‡j wZwb
Zv‡`i mv‡_ G e¨vcv‡i Avjvc Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Ab¨K_vq wZwb LyeB cÖvbešÍ _v‡Kb Ges
†hvMv‡hvM K‡ib|
GKRb AvšÍwiK e¨w³ ZLbB ¯^Ztd~Z© AvPiY K‡i, hLb †m †KŠk‡j (Ab¨‡`i
m¤§vb cÖ`k‡b©i Ask wn‡m‡e) Avµgbv³ bv n‡q D`vi g‡bvfve †cvlY K‡i, Av‡eM Zvobv
†_‡K gy³ _v‡K| GKB mg‡q GKRb e¨w³ AvšÍwiK n‡Z cv‡i Avevi AvZ¥-iÿYkxj bvI n‡Z
cv‡i, D`vniY ¯^iƒc ejv hvq †h, hw` GKRb mvnvh¨cÖv_x© wb‡Ri cÖwZ †bwZevPK
g‡bvfve cÖKvk K‡i...ej‡Z cv‡i †h, ÒAvwg GLv‡b G‡m †Kb Ah_v mgq bó KiwQÓ| Gi
Dˇi civgk©`vZv ej‡Z cv‡i, ÒZzwgB GKRb †h, GUv‡K mgq bó Kiv e‡j g‡b KiQ Zvi
gv‡b Zzwg wK †Zvgvi GB Ae¯’vi DbœwZ PvI bvÓ A_ev ej‡Z cv‡i, Ò†mUv n‡”Q †Zvgvi
wm×všÍÓ| G‡ÿ‡Î civgk©`vZv eyS‡Z †Póv Ki†Z cv‡i,
mvnvh¨cÖv_©xi wfZ‡i wK Abyf~wZ n‡”Q: ÒGLv‡b †Zvgv‡K wb‡q G‡m ‡Zvgvi c~e©
Aciv‡ai †Kvb cÖwZwnsmv MÖnY Kiv n‡”Q bv| hw`I GUv g‡b nq djnxb GKUv AwaK wbivb›`
KvRÓ| ZviciI wZwb e¨w³‡K AvNv‡Zi cwie‡Z©
Zvi mv‡_ KvR Pvwj‡q wb‡q hv‡eb| Ab¨ †h m~¶ `¶Zv hv civgk©`vZv e¨envi K‡ib I
mvnvh¨cÖv_x©‡K e¨envi Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡ib Zv n‡jv mvnvh¨cÖv_©xi mv‡_ HK¨gZ cÖKvk
Kiv| GKRb e¨w³ ZLbB ev¯Íem¤§Zfv‡e K_v e‡jb, hLb wZwb wbw`©ó Abyf~wZ, AvPiY, I
NUbvmg~n wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| mnvbyf~wZi mv‡_ wgj ‡i‡L GB Dw³ `yÕai‡Yi: 1)
welqe¯‘ ev Dcv`vb 2) Abyf~wZ ev g‡bvfve| mvnvh¨cÖv_©xi mv‡_ HK¨gZ cÖKvk, hv
Av‡jvPbv mfvi MwZ I kw³i ZxeªZv wb‡q Av‡m; GUv Qvov Av‡jvPbv mfv weiw³Ki n‡q
D‡V| Avgvi fvj jvM‡Q bv K_vUv A¯úó Z‡e GUv ¯úó I ev¯Íem¤§Z †h, ÒMZ gv‡m Avgvi
¯¿xi mv‡_ †h fqvbK SMov n‡q‡Q †mB ¯§„wZ Avgv‡K N„wYZ I wØavMÖ¯’ K‡i Zz‡j‡QÓ
fvlvi e¨envi GKRb‡K Kv‡Q wb‡q Av‡m Avevi `~‡iI †V‡j ‡`q| Zywg ev
Avgiv e¨envi Kivi †P‡q me©bvg ÔAvwgÕ e¨envi Kiv AwaK cÖZ¨¶ I ev¯Íem¤§Z| ÒZzwg
ïay wPšÍv Kivi †Póv Ki †Zvgvi GB Amnvq †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i wK n‡e! hvi gv‡b n‡PQ, Zv
n‡jv Avwg ïay AevK n‡q fvwe GB Amnvq †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i Rxe‡b wK NU‡e!Ó Ò hLb gvbyl
†Zvgv‡K AeÁv K‡i ZLb Zzwg wbt¯^ Abyfe
Ki| GUv bv e‡j, ejv hvq †h, Avwg wbt¯^ Abyfe Kwi, hLb gvbyl Avgv‡K AeÁv
K‡i|Ó A_ev hw` Dc‡`‡k ejv nq, ÒCk¦‡ii
Dci fimv ivL‡Z Avgv‡`i wkL‡Z n‡e| GUv bv e‡j, hw` GLv‡b ejv hvq Avgv‡K Ck¦‡ii
Dci Av¯’v ivL‡Z wkL‡Z n‡eÓ Zvn‡j Zv Av‡iv †ewk cÖZ¨¶, ev¯—e I e¨w³MZ nq| hw`
civgk©`vZv cÖkœ Ki‡Z Pvq Z‡e Zv‡K Aek¨B Zv wfZ‡i Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` Zzwg cÖkœ Ki Z‡e
Ô†KbÕ kãUv ev` w`‡Z n‡e| Ô†KbÕ Giƒc GKwU cÖkœ m&vnvh¨cÖv_©x‡K Zvi AZxZ
Rxe‡b wb‡q hvq, wKš‘ Zvi †P‡q ‡ewk ¸i“Z¡c~Y© n‡”Q eZ©gvb mg‡q _vKv
ZvB eis KLb, †Kv_vq, wKfv‡e, wK N‡U‡Q Ges eZ©gvb mg‡q Zvi wK
Abyf~wZ n‡”Q Giƒc kã e¨envi Kiv DwPZ| Ò†Kb `yR‡b SMov ïiæ K‡iwQ‡j GUv bv e‡j,
hLb `yR‡b SMov Ki ZLb wK N‡U, GUv ej‡j fvj nq?Ó A_ev hLb Zzwg SMov Ki ZLb
‡Zvgvi g‡a¨ wK Abyf~wZ nq? A_ev Gme SMovi Drm †Kv_vq? Aek¨ †h me cÖ‡kœi GKwU
gvÎ DËi Av‡Q GiKg cÖkœ bv K‡i, †h cÖ‡kœi GKvwaK DËi Av‡Q †h me cÖkœ Kiv DwPZ|
‡h me cÖ‡kœi †Kej gvÎ GKwU DËi Av‡Q, †m me cÖ‡kœi DËi †Kej gvÎ n¨vu ev bv A_ev
wbw`ó GKwU DËi w`‡q DËi †`Iqv hvq| †hgb
†Zvgvi KZ Rb †Q‡j‡g‡q? A_ev
Zzwg wK bvMix‡Z _vK? GB ai‡bi cÖ‡kœi gvÎ GKwU DËi nq| Aciw`‡K, Zzwg wK †Zvgvi
cwievi m¤^‡Ü wKQz ej‡Z cvi? GB ai‡Yi cÖ‡kœi i‡q‡Q nvRviI EËi| †h me cÖ‡kœi GKwU
gvÎ DËi Av‡Q, †m me cÖkœ K‡_vcK_b‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvq †mB w`‡K, hv civgk©`vZv ïb‡Z
Pvb| Zviv wKQz wKQy †¶‡Î Zv‡`i Avf¨šÍixY RM‡Zi K_v, civgk©`vZviv mvnvh¨cÖv_©xi
†P‡q †ewk ej‡Z cv‡ib| GB R‡b¨, cÖ‡kœi †P‡q Dw³ †ewk fvj; Rb wK †Zvgv‡K AvNvZ
w`‡q‡Q, GUv bv e‡j, Avwg Abyfe KiwQ †KD †Zvgv‡K AvNvZ K‡i‡Q, GUv ejv A‡bK fvj;
wK N‡U‡Q Avwg ïb‡Z cÖ¯‘Z| Zywg wK hvwPšÍv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z PvI? GUv bv e‡j, †Zvgv‡K
Lye DwØMœ g‡b n‡”Q GB †f‡e ‡h, Zzwg g‡¯‹v hvIqvi Av‡M we‡q Ki‡e, wK Ki‡e bv?
GUv ejv fvj| cÖkœ Kivi †P‡q eY©bvg~jK wee„wZ ev Dw³ A‡bK fvj|
hw` mvnvh¨cÖv_©x G‡jv‡g‡jv fv‡e K_v ej‡Z ïi“ K‡i Ges wek` fv‡e NUbvi
eY©bv Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i, GUv me‡P‡q †ewk fvj n‡e, hw` civgk©`vZv Zvi w`‡K Sz‡K c‡o
ev¯Íem¤§Z I mgq Dc‡hvMx DËi †`b| Gme DËi¸‡jv Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e Zvi ev¯ÍeZv I g~j
welq¸‡jv cÖKvk Ki‡Z| mvdj¨gq civg‡k©i
g‡a¨ wbwnZ Av‡Q, mvdj¨gq Av‡jvPbv|
mnvbyf~wZ, AvšÍwiKZv, m¤§vb, ev¯ÍeZv
Avgiv B‡Zvg‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ Pvi ai‡Yi civgk©`v‡bi †KŠkjmg~n,
†h¸‡jv mvnvh¨cÖv_©x‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e wb‡R‡K Avwe®‹vi Ki‡Z| Av‡jvPbv Pvwj‡q wb‡q
hvIqvi Av‡M Avwg wKQz kixwiK I e¯‘MZ ev¯ÍeZv m¤^‡× K‡qKwU w`K Zz‡j ai‡Z PvB, hv civgk© `v‡bi ‡¶‡Î mnvqK n‡Z
cv‡i Avevi ¶wZi KviYI n‡Z cv‡i, †hgb- mv¶v‡Zi ¯’vb, civgk©`vZvi A½fw½ ev
Ae¯’v| ¯’vbwU‡K n‡Z n‡e Avivg`vqK, wKš‘ RvuKRgKc~Y©, Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Dchy³, wekªv‡gi
Rb¨ bq| †h me civgk©`vZvMY †Uwe‡ji wcQ‡b e‡mb Zviv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e mvnvh¨cÖv_©xi
Kv‡Q ch©vßfv‡e Dcw¯’Z _v‡Kb bv| †Uwe‡ji Ae¯’vb ‡Rvi †`q civgk©‡Ki f~wgKv whwb
civgk©`v‡bi †k‡l ¯^vaxb f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡eb| wbqg n‡”Q †h, civgk©`v‡bi †k‡l
ev¯ÍeRxe‡b civgk©`vZv I mvnvh¨cÖv_©x †h Zvi Kv‡Q mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ G‡mwQ‡jb Zvi m‡½
†Kvb cv_©K¨ _vK‡e bv|
cÖ_gZ, civgk©`vZvi A½fw½ nIqv DwPr m¤ú„³Zvi| GUv e¨w³‡K
Rvwb‡q w`‡e Avwg †Zvgvi mv‡_ mve©¶wYKfv‡e AvwQ,
cÖ‡qvR‡b Avgvi Kv‡Q Avm‡Z cv‡iv| mgvbfv‡e e¨w³i gy‡LvgywL nIqv|
wØZxqZ, K_v ejvi mgq †Pv‡L †PvL ivLv (AvB KbUªv±) w¯’i `„wó
QvovB GUv ïi“ Kiv hvq|
Z…ZxqZ, †Lvjv‡gjvfv‡e A½fw½ e¨envi Kiv| AvovAvwo fv‡e cv, evû,
nvZ, BZ¨vw` †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î AvZ¥i¶vg~jK AvPiY/ g‡bvfve cÖKvk K‡i| †Lvjv‡gjv
A½fw½ e‡j †`q, Avwg †Zvgvi mv‡_ mivmwi m¤úK© i¶v KiwQ|
msÁv: myß Ae¯’v myweb¨¯Ífv‡e hv ¶gZvnxbiƒ‡c e¨w³i g‡a¨ wbw®Œqfv‡e _v‡K (canglig) GKwU
gvsm‡ckxi MÖwš’| me‡P‡q †ewk Ae¯’vb K‡i †gi“`ÛZš¿xi evB‡i|
e¨w³i cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx nIqv| GUv cÖKvk K‡i Zywg eZ©gvb, mnRjf¨ Ges
wel‡qi mv‡_ m¤úK© hy³| Rey_ey Ae¯’v Gi wecixZUv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| hLb G me wKQzi
Dci mvnvh¨cÖv_©x wbf©i K‡i, ZLb civgk©`vZv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Aviv‡g ev wPšÍvgy³
_v‡K| ‡h welq m¤^‡× Avwg wKQz ej‡Z hvw”Q Zv n‡”Q wb‡Ri Kjv-†KŠk‡ji mv‡_ A½fw½i
mgš^q mvab Kiv| Zzwg g‡b Ki bv †h, memgq
Zzwg GKB fv‡e Zv Ki‡e|
ïaygvÎ GKUz m‡PZb nIqv wKfv‡e †Zvgvi A½fw½ gvbyl‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| hLb
Zzwg G¸‡jv Abykxjb Ki‡e ZLb cÖ_‡g GUv †Zvgvi Kv‡Q K…wÎg welq e‡j g‡b n‡e wKš‘
Zzwg hw` G¸‡jv evi evi Aa¨emv‡qi mv‡_ Pvwj‡q wb‡q hvI Z‡e G¸‡jv ¯^vfvweK Ges
†Zvgvi wb‡Ri Kjv-‡KŠk‡ji Ask n‡q DV‡e, wVK †mB iKg hLb Zzwg cÖ_g dzUej †Lj‡Z
†kL, evBmvB‡Kj Pvjv‡Z ev bvP‡Z †kL| Avwg Aek¨ Av‡iv wKQz welq D‡jøL Ki‡Z PvB,
Zv nj-N‡ii wfZi chv©ß Av‡jv _vKv GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| wbwðZ Ki †h, Rvbvjv †_‡K
Avmv Av‡jv ev cÖ`x‡ci Av‡jv †hb e¨w³i †PvL bv avuwa‡q †`q|
Gi 2q avc g‡°j‡K cwiPvjbv K‡i ïay wb‡R‡K eySevi Rb¨ bq eis AvPibMZ cwie©Zb eySvi Rb¨| GB av‡c Pvi ai‡Yi `¶Zv Av‡Q| cÖ_gUv‡K e‡j AwZwi³
mnvbyf~wZ| GLv‡b Dc‡`óv GK ai‡Yi Abyf~wZ jvf K‡i eySv‡Z cv‡i †h, †h †Kvbfv‡e
G¸‡jv g„Z, †Mvcb Ges g‡°‡ji eySvi D‡aŸ©| 1g av‡c AbyK¤úv †_‡K Kx cÖKvwkZ nq
;AwZwi³ mnvbyfywZ‡`‡L GUv Kx ïay AšÍwb©wnZ A_© cªKvk K‡i | g‡°j: Avwg LyeB
`y:wLZ †h Avgvi ¯^vgx AvR Avgv‡K †`L‡Z Av‡mwb | Dc‡`óv: Avwg g‡b Kwi ZzwgI GKUz
ivMvwš^Z|Ó g‡°‡ji Dc¯’vcbv †m g~j welq †ei K‡i ;Zzwg hv wKQy e‡jQ, Zv †_‡K eySv
hvq ‡h, Zzwg Lye Kg gvbyl‡K wek¦vm Ki‡Z cvi |Ó wZwb g‡°‡ji Rb¨ wKQy Ask ev
bgybv ivL‡Z cv‡ib A_ev wZwb hv e‡j‡Qb Zvi msw¶ßKiY Ki‡Z cv‡ib | hv g‡°j‡K eo
Qwe ‰Zwi Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e Ges Zv‡K wewfbœ `„wófw½ w`‡eGes ‡m wewfbœ Avw½‡K
mgm¨v‡K †`L‡e |
Zzwg †`‡LQ †h, 2q avcwU AviI wb‡`wk©Z | hv‡nvK, PviwU `¶Zvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU
cvi¯úwiK gy‡LvgywL Ae¯—v n‡Z Av‡m| GB avcwU iRvi - Gi wk¶vicwiewZ©Z I DbœZ
Ae¯’v | 2q `¶ZvwU n‡”Q ¯^-cÖKvk ev wbR `„wó‡MvPi | GL‡b mvnvh¨Kvix Zvi wb‡Ri
AwfÁZv g‡°‡ji mv‡_ mnfwMZv Ki‡Z B”QyK| cÖK…Z mnfvwMZv g‡°j‡K mwZ¨B wb‡R‡K
fvjfv‡e eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i | hv‡nvK, Avgv‡K msw¶ß n‡Z n‡e bZzev Avwg g‡°j‡K nZvk
Ki‡ev, Ggb wK Avwg Zv‡K fyj c‡_I wb‡q ‡h‡Z cvwi
lv‡Ui gvSvgvwS, iRvi ÒGKRb †_‡K GKRbÓ Dc‡`k `vb eÜ K‡ib, Ges `jxq
mv¶vrKvix `‡ji Rb¨ wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ K‡ib, hv‡K wU-`j ev cÖwk¶v_x© `j ejv hvq|
G‡K Avevi m~¶ Abykxjb, gvbweK m¤¢vebv `j, gvbweK DbœwZ `jI ejv n‡q _v‡K| GB
`jxq mv¶vrKv‡i †h e¨w³ mnfvwMZv K‡i Zvi Dci ¸iZ¡ †`Iqv n‡q _v‡K| GUv‡K Rynvwi
ev Rvbvjv c×wZ ejv nq,hv jydU Ges ‡nwi BbMÖvg m„wó K‡i|
Rvbv †_‡K AvRvbv
wb‡R‡K
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1..wb‡Ri mg‡Ü Rvwb
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2..wb‡Ri Kv‡Q AvRvbv
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3..wb‡Ri Kv‡Q A`„k¨bxq Ges A‡b¨Kv‡QA`„k¨bxq
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4..Ae‡PZb I A`„k¨bxq
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1g Rvbvjv wb‡Ri Ges A‡b¨i Kv‡Q `„k¨bxq| GUv RbM‡Yi RvqMv| welqe¯‘
mnfvwMZv Ki‡Z Avwg BPQv cÖKvk Kwi|
2q Rvbvjv wb‡Ri Kv‡Q AvRvbv I A‡b¨i Kv‡Q Rvbv| hLb RbMb Avgv‡`i
m¤§yLxb nq, ZLb Avgiv G mg‡Ü Rvb‡Z cvwi|
3q Rvbvjv wb‡Ri Kv‡Q
`„k¨bxq wKš‘ A‡b¨i Kv‡Q A`„k¨| Avwg Avgvi m¤^‡Ü Rvwb, Ges †Zgvi m¤^‡Ü bvI Rvb‡Z
cvwi| GUv e¨w³ wb‡R‡K cÖKv‡ki †¶‡Î| Avgvi Abyf~wZ Ges wbR¯^ mZ¨ cÖKvk‡K KLbI
KLbI j¶¨ mÜvb e‡j| Avwg †Zvgv‡K fvjevwm ZLb, hLb Avwg †Zvgv‡K Rvbevi Rb¨ mwZ¨B
SuzwK MÖnY Kwi|
4_© Rvbvjv Ae‡PZb Ges A`„k¨| AvZ¥cÖKvkGes cvi¯úvwiK m¤§yLxb nIqv
Ae‡PZ‡bi Avfvm| GUv GKwU evowZ cvIbv wKš‘ `jxq †_ivcxi D‡Ïk¨ bq| K‡qKRb
g‡bvweÁvbx, cªavbZ I(0) †nvevU©gyi, wmWbx Gg. RyiviW ¯^-cÖKvk‡K Zv‡`i cÖavb
Aej¤^b wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| Avgv‡`i Av`‡k©i Rb¨ Dc‡`óv GUv mZ©KZvi mv‡_ e¨envi
K‡i‡Qb| Dc‡`óv g‡°j‡K chšÍ© ¯^-cÖKvk wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| hv‡nvK ¯^-cÖKvk A‡bK mgq
Dc‡`kK mnvqK bq| GUv A‡bK mgq g‡°j‡K fq †`Lvq| ZvB GUv e¨env‡i mZK© n‡Z
n‡e |
2q av‡ci Z…Zxq `¶Zv n‡PQ
gy‡LvgywL nIqv| GUv mnRfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e, wKš‘ GUv g‡°j‡K Avµgb ev kvwšÍi
Rb¨ e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e bv gy‡LvgywL nIqv n‡PQ †Kvb e¨w³‡K Zvi AvPiY cix¶v Ki‡Z
Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv Ges Gi A_© wK Zv Rvbv‡bv | D`vniY ¯^iƒc- RvwmšÍv, Zzwg wb‡R‡K
Rvwni Ki Ges fvj msMVK e¨w³ wn‡m‡e g‡b
Ki Ges GUv mZ¨‡h, Gi Rb¨ gvbyl ‡Zvgvi cÖksmv K‡i| wKš‘ A‡bK mgq hLb Zzwg Avgv‡K
wKQy Ki‡Z ej, ZLb Avwg ‡`wL †h Zzwg GKwU evwjKvi gZ `vexKi| gy‡LvgywL nIqv,
GKRb e¨w³‡K Ae¨en„Z m¤¢vebv¸‡jv wPb‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| Rb, Zzwg hLb K_v ej, ZLb
†Zvgvi my‡i GK ai‡bi kÎæZvi fve j¶bxq| ZeyI Zzwg Avvgv‡K Ggb GKRb e¨w³ wn‡m‡e
†`wL, †h me©`v A‡b¨i Rb¨ Ges Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z BPQv †cvlY K‡i| n‡Z cv‡i Zzwg
KviI mv‡_ †Kvgj I Nwbó n‡Z fq cvI| GB
`¶Zv g‡°j‡K wb‡Ri, A‡b¨i Ges c„w_exi wewfbœ `„wófw½ DcjwׇZ mnvqZv Ki‡e|
c`gh©v`v I wWMÖx A‡c¶v wk¶v A‡bK †ewk
¸i“Z¡cyY© | A_ev e¨_v ev `y:‡Li PvB‡Z Rxeb‡K A‡bK †ewk SzwKc~Y© g‡b n‡Z cv‡i|
A_ev †Zvgv‡K eyw×gv‡bi PvB‡Z †Xo †ewk iwmK g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| A_ev Zzwg KvR Ki‡Z fq
cvI, Ab¨_vq Zzwg Kv‡Ri A‡hvM¨| gy‡LvgywL nIqv gvbyl‡K wewfbœ wKQy †`L‡Z mvnvh¨
Ki‡jI, wb‡Ri w`K †`‡Lbv | hv‡nvK, Zzwg †Zvgvi we‡q m¤ú©‡K Avgv‡K ‡Zgb fvj wKQyB
ejwb, hw` ej‡Z, Z‡e n‡Z cviZ Giƒc welq¸‡jv †Zvgvi we‡q m¤ú©‡K A‡bK BwZevPK w`K
†Zvgv‡K mvnvh¨ KiZ|
GwiK e¨v‡ib Gi wU. G.c×wZ
GwiK e¨v‡ib Zvui wU.G. c×wZi ga¨ w`‡q RbMb‡K Rxe‡bi gy‡LvgywL nIqvi
†P‡q eis Rxeb‡K wb‡q †Ljvi NUbv‡KB cÖvavb¨ w`‡”Qb| cÖ_g ¯¯Í‡i, Dc‡`óv Ggb GKwU
cwi‡ek m„w÷ Ki‡e †hLv‡b †Ljv mnR n‡ebv| D`vnib ¯^iƒc ejv hvq, hw` wZwb Dc‡`k
cÖ`vb cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| Dc‡`k cÖ`vb †Ljv ïi“i GKwU wbwðZ avc| gy‡LvgywL nIqv Dc‡`k
`v‡bi †P‡q Avjv`v| Kvib AwZwi³ mnvbyf~wZ e¨w³i Abyf~wZ¸‡jvi Mfxi eySv-cov †_‡K
Av‡m Ges e¨w³‡K Zvi mv‡_ RwoZ K‡i|
mivmwi gy‡LvgywL
g‡°‡ji Dci `vwe m„wó K‡i| ZeyI, wPwKrmK GUv K‡i bv g‡°‡ji `yejZvi gy‡LvgywL n‡q
wKš‘ Zv K‡i e¨w³i Ae¨ewiZ kw³, †hvM¨Zvmg~n I Drm¸‡jv †_‡K| Dc‡`óv‡K †Kb SzwK
wb‡Z n‡e †m m¤ú‡K© †evakw³ _vK‡Z n‡e, KLb gy‡Lvkcov wVK n‡ebv| K‡qKRb Dc‡`óv
g‡°j‡K †bwZevPK DIi w`‡Z wØav‡eva K‡ib| Gi d‡j Zv‡`i Kvh© ¶gZv webó n‡q hvq|
†hgb- A‡bK gvbyl Lvivc msev` w`‡Z cQ›` K‡i bv| A‡bK mgq GB kw³kvjx cÖwZ‡ivaK
g‡°j MÖnY Ki‡Z Pvqbv| ZeyI Dc‡`k`vb n‡”Q Ggb GKwU c×wZ hv g‡°j‡K wKQy wKQy †¶‡Î
gy‡LvgywL n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i hv Kvh©Ki Rxeb-hvc‡bi Rb¨ `iKvi| g‡°j‡K cÖwZ‡ivaK
MÖn‡b eva¨ Kiv‡bv Dc‡`óvi KvR bq, eis mnvqZv Kiv Zvi KvR|
PZy_© Ges me©‡kl `¶Zv
n‡”Q ci¯úi mivmwi K_v ejv, hv‡K ejv nq Zzwg - Avwg msjvc| mvnvh¨Kvix Ges mvnvh¨
MÖnYKvix Zv‡`i ga¨Kvi eZ©gvb m¤úK©, wek¦v‡mi Afve, AwZwi³ wbf©iZv, cQ›` ev
AcQ›`, AvKl©Y, `yiZ¡ ev NwbôZv, m¤ú‡K© wewfbœZv cÖf~wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i| mvaviYZ
RbMb wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb AbymÜvb K‡i- nZvkv, DwØMœZv, wb`ªv”QbœZv, GK‡N‡qwg,
kvixwiK †iv‡Mi j¶Y, BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ mgm¨v hv‡nvK, Gme NUbv D™¢e nq e¨w³MZ m¤ú‡K©i
Amyweavi Kvi‡Y| e¨w³MZ m¤úK© cix¶v K‡i †`Lvi Rb¨ †h `¶Zvi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv‡K ejv
nq Òmivmwi †hvMv‡hvM ev cÖZ¨¶Ó| GLv‡bB Zv‡K mivmwi Ges †LvjvLywj fv‡e A‡b¨i
mv‡_ Zvi e¨w³MZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbvi †hvM¨Zv _vK‡Z n‡e|
fvM¨µ‡g I jvfRbK ¶gZv-AvKw¯§K wkíKg© Avwe¯‹vi| wPwKrmv we`¨vq kw³
cÖ‡qvM‡K cÖwZ‡iva, we‡klZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© c`v_© Avwe¯‹vi‡K cÖwZ‡iva ev mshZ ivLv| n«vm
ev Dcmg- †ivMwe`¨vMZ Ae¯’vq ¸i“Z¡c~Y© DbwœZi mgq| Bw›`ªqMZ- †hŠb kw³¸‡jv jvf
Kiv| cÖej D‡IRbv- GKwU j¶Yxq wek„•Lj Ae¯’v eY©bv Kiv nq hv GLbI, D‡IRbv,
wew”QbœZv Ges wek„•Ljv, weåvwš— Ges AjxK wek¦v‡mi ga¨ w`‡q we`¨gvb|
we‡kvab-cybivq WvKv Ges `y:LRbK Awf½Zv eY©bv Kiv Ges Av‡eM cÖKv‡k
mvnvh¨ Kiv| cÖZ¨¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q g‡°j‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv hv‡Z we‡klZ Dc‡`óvi mv‡_
mv¶v‡Zi mgq †m wK Ki‡Q †m wb‡R‡K AviI mwVKfv‡e Rvb‡Z cv‡i| Dc‡`óv†K †`‡L g‡°j
mivmwi cvi¯úwiK K_v ejvi cØwZ wkL‡Z cv‡i hv Avgv‡`i aviYvi evB‡i| hv‡nvK,
mivmwi, e¨w³MZ, cvi¯úwiK †hvMv‡hvM hw`I e¨w³MZ e„wׇZ DÏxcbvi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q,
wKš‘ ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Zv †`Lv hvq bv| Avkv Kwi g‡°j wkL‡e †h, GUv n‡Z cv‡i `yÕiKg
µge„w×, h_v- †m wKfv‡e cvi`wk©Zv AR©b K‡i‡Q Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv Ab¨‡K ej‡Z n‡e
wKfv‡e †m cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡Q| Avevi, †h‡nZz GB cvi¯úvwiKZv ˆ`›`w`b
Rxe‡b cÖwZw`b NU‡Qbv, ZvB g‡°‡ji Kv‡Q GUv bZzb Ges cvi`wk©Zv AR©‡bi `vex`vi |
myZivs GUv hZœmnKv‡i Ki‡Z n‡e, bZyev GUv mvnvh¨ MÖnxZv‡K fq †`Lv‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY
¯^iƒc- ÒAvwg Abyfe Kwi †h, GLbI Avgvi mv‡_ K_v ejv KwVb g‡b Ki, †hb me mgq Avwg
†Zvgvi mv‡_ AvwQ| A_ev, Zzwg †h Avgv‡K wek¦vm Ki bv GUv Avwg Abyfe Ki‡Z ïi“
K‡iwQ| GUv Avgv‡K g‡b Kwi‡q †`q †h, Avgvi nvZ¸‡jv †hb GLb evauv| Rvwbbv GKRb‡K
wek¦vm Kiv †Zvgvi Rb¨ KwVb, bv †Zvgvi mv‡_ Avgvi we‡kl †Kvb mgm¨v Av‡Q|Ó Avwg
g‡b Kwi, Zzwg Avgvi mv‡_ jovB KiQ ev n‡Z cv‡i mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ jovB KiQ| Avgiv GLb
MšÍ‡e¨i Kv‡Q hvw”Q ev Avgv‡`i Pzw³i evB‡i Ab¨ w`b †`L‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ wK
n‡”Q Zv wb‡q K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖZ¨¶Y wb‡R wb‡R †kl nq bv| GUv GK mgq n‡Z Ab¨
mgq ch©šÍ KvR K‡i, hw` GUvi DcKvix c×wZi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ _v‡K|
GB g‡W‡ji Z…Zxq avc n‡”Q MVbg~jK AvPiY cwieZ©‡bi KvR| GLv‡b mgm¨v
†Pbv nq Ges Zv we‡klb Kiv nq| hw` A‡bK mgm¨v _v‡K Z‡e Kv‡Ri AMÖvwaKvi cÖwZôv
nq| ev¯—e ev Kvh©Ki KR¸‡jvi Dci D‡Ï‡k¨ MÖnb Kiv nq| Kvh©Kixcš’v MÖnb Kiv nq hvi
Dci me‡P‡q †ekx mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i| gvb`Û ev bxwZ cÖwZôv K‡i Gi mdjZv ev e¨_©Zv
g~j¨vqb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| g‡°j‡K cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ GB bxwZ mwVKfv‡e mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q wKbv
Zv P~ovšÍfv‡e wePvi K‡i †`L‡Z n‡e|
Phenomenological (cÖcÂweÁvb) Approach-Gi wfZ‡i A‡bK
ai‡Yi cwiwPZ †_ivwc wPwKrmv i‡q‡Q| †M÷vë Gi ‡_ivwc wd«UR (1893-1970 Lªx:) wcijm
Gi Øviv cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| GB †_ivwc‡Z cvi¯úwiK m¤§yLxb nIqvi Dci ¸i“Z¡ †`Iqv nq|
GB c×wZ mgmvgwqK A‡bK †_ivwc wPwKrmvi g‡Zv †QvU †QvU `‡j wef³ n‡q Kiv nq| wcijm gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨‡K GKR‡bi mnvqZvq I
wbqš¿Y Øviv wbqwš¿Z nIqvi †P‡q eis ¯^-wbf©i Ges AvZ¥-wbqwš¿Z wnmv‡e msÁvwqZ
K‡i‡Qb| GB mgq †m AskMÖnYKvixi g‡a¨ e¨w³MZ m‡PZbZv DbœwZ K‡ib| Zv‡`i‡K eZ©gv‡b
evm Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡ib, hv‡Z Zviv eZ©gvb AwfÁZvi Dci ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q m‡PZb n‡Z cv‡i| †m
†QvU Mí ev KweZvi mvnvh¨ MÖnY K‡i I †Póv K‡i, Ges hv Ki‡Q Zv
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z g‡b K‡i| GB †_ivwc wPwKrmv‡K wZwb †M÷v‡ji cÖv_©bv wn‡m‡e
AwfwnZ K‡ib, Zv n‡jv ÒAvwg Avgvi KvR Kwi Ges Zzwg †Zvgvi KvR Ki| c„w_ex‡Z Avwg †Zvgvi
cÖZ¨vkvi Dci Rxeb hvcb Kie bv Ges Zzwg Avgvi cÖZ¨vkvi Dci Zv Ki‡e bv| Zzwg n‡e
Zzwg Ges Avwg ne Avwg Ges hw` fvM¨µ‡g `yÕR‡bi †`Lv nq, Z‡e GUv LyeB my›`i n‡e|
hw` bv nq Z‡e Zv mnvqK n‡e bvÓ|
GB ‡mk‡b wcijm GKRb nZvk e¨w³ wnmv‡e m½wZc~Y©fv‡e
Awfbq Ki‡e †h, †m (¯¿x-wj½) wKfv‡e
m‡PZbZv, wb‡Ri f~wgKv, AZx‡Zi Rxeb Ges Ab¨vb¨ wKQy Gwo‡q hv‡”Q| Zvi Abyf~wZi c‡¶ G¸‡jvi Ae¯’v‡bi Dci ¸i“Z¡
Av‡ivc K‡i, wZwb GUv‡K Aeqexi Ávb e‡j‡Qb KviY GUv eyw×i †P‡q eis
Abyf~wZi Dci cÖwZwôZ|
Psychodrama
A‡bK mgq wewfbœ ai‡bi †_ivwc‡Z wPwKrmv wn‡m‡e
e¨envi Kiv nq| hv‡Kve Gj. g‡i‡bv GUv Avwe¯‹vi K‡i‡Qb Ges 1920
Lªxóv‡ã GUv Aw÷ªqvi wf‡qbv‡Z e¨envi K‡i‡Qb| c‡i wZwb Av‡gwiKvq P‡j hvb| Psychodrama †Z `‡ji m`m¨iv
¯^Z:ù~Z©fv‡e Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g e¨w³MZ mgm¨v ¸‡jv Ly‡uR †ei K‡i| GB c×wZ Aby‡gvw`Z
Ges AZx‡Zi mgm¨v eZ©gv‡b †`Lv nq| Pschodrama Gi Kvh©KvwiZv
me mgq Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GwióUj we‡kvaK (catharsis) eY©bv K‡i‡Qb
(we‡kvaK, gyw³, cweÎZv) wn‡m‡e, hv RbM‡Yi Dci drama
Gi
cÖfve c‡o‡Q| iRvi Ges wcivjm - Gi gZ RbMY wek¦vm
K‡i †h e¨w³, GK †_ivwc †_‡K Ab¨Uv AcÖPwjZ, `yÕB hv Ach©vß Ges AKvh©Ki| `jxq
†_ivwc c„w_ex‡K wbivc` Ae¯’v `vb K‡i hv‡Z RbMY A‡b¨i cÖwZ Zv‡`i g‡bvfve Ges
AvPiY Avwe¯‹vi Ki‡Z cv‡i| `j †QvU n‡Z n‡e, Ges QqRb m`m¨ _vK‡Z
cvi‡e| m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ †MvcbxqZv, mZ¨Zv, ¯^cÖKvk, GLb Ges eZ©gv‡b evm Kiv Ges
A‡b¨i KvQ †_‡K feedback
Gi
DËi wKfv‡e w`‡Z nq Zv †kLv| cwi‡ek gv‡b n‡”Q GKR‡bi wbivc` Abyf~wZ mg_©b Kiv Ges Abyf~wZ cÖKv‡ki
Rb¨ mvnm `vb Ges A‡b¨i KvQ n‡Z mg_©b Avkv Kiv|
Aveªvnvg gvm&‡jv Abraham
Maslow
(1908-1970Lªx:): Aveªvnvg gvm&‡jv gvbeZvev`x g‡bvweÁvbx‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg GKRb
whwb AvZ¥-ev¯ÍeZvqb (cÖK…ZZ¡) g‡bvweÁv‡bi D™¢e K‡ib| iRv‡ii
(Rgers) g‡Zv gvm&‡jvI gvbeZvev`x g‡bvweÁv‡bi GKRb cÖeZ©K| wZwb
†iv‡Mi wPwKrmv wKsev Gi †KŠkjMZ welq wb‡q KvR K‡ibwb; wKš‘ GKRb g‡bvweÁv‡bi
wPšÍvwe` wnmv‡e Zvi me‡P‡q †ekx cÖfve wQj| gvbexq m¤¢vebvZ¥K g‡bvweÁv‡bi AMÖ`~Z
Ges †gŠwjK wPšÍvwe` wnmv‡e DBwjqvg †Rg‡mi (William
James)
ci Zv‡uK Av‡gwiKvi †kªô g‡bvweÁvbx ev g‡bvwe` wnmv‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq| A‡b‡K Zvui
GB L¨vwZ‡K AwZiwÄZ wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb; wKš‘ cÖK…Zc‡¶ wZwb mKj gvbeZvev`x
g‡bvweÁvbx‡`i Aby‡cÖiYv`vqK wQ‡jb|
AvZ¥ev¯ÍeZvqb ev AvZ¥-cÖK…ZZ¡ (Self-actualization) ej‡Z eySvq
GKR‡bi †gav I m¤¢ve¨ ¶gZv ev ˆewkó¨ hv GL‡bv weKvk jvf K‡iwb Zvi c~Y© e¨envi I
weKvk mvab| gvm&‡jvÕi `yÕRb wk¶K wQ‡jb hviv e¨w³MZ I †ckvMZ Rxe‡b c~Y©fv‡e
¯^v_©K I m„Rbkxj wQ‡jb| wZwb Zvui GKwU †bvU eB‡q Zv‡`i AvPiY, g‡bvfve,
g~j¨‡eva, †cÖiYv, Av‡eMmg~n, wPšÍv, eySvi ¶gZv ev aviYv Ges Av‡iv A‡bK wel‡q
ZvwiLmn wj‡L †i‡LwQ‡jb| wZwb †`L‡Z †c‡jb †h, cyi“l I gwnjv e¨w³‡Z¡i †¶‡Î hw`I
†ek wKQy cv_©K¨ i‡h‡Q, Z_vwc Zv‡`i g‡a¨ A‡bK wel‡q wgj i‡q‡Q| wZwb Av‡iv 16
Rb AvZ¥-ev¯Íeev`x (cÖK…ZZ¡) e¨w³‡K Zvui M‡elYvq AvIZvfy³ K‡ib| Zv‡`i
g‡a¨ A‡a©K †jvK wQ‡jb HwZnvwmK Ges A‡a©K †jvK wQ‡jb mgKvjxb e¨w³Z¡| G‡`i g‡a¨ Aveªvnvg
wjsKb (Abraham Lincoln), G‡jbi
†ivRvë© (Eleanor Rooserlt )
AvjevU© AvBbóvBb (Albert Einstein) AvjevU©
wmDRvi (Albert Schweitzer) Ges G ai‡Yi
Av‡iv A‡b‡K AšÍ©fy³ wQ‡jb|
AvZ¥ev¯ÍeZvev`xi (cÖK…ZZ¡) 15wU ˆewkó¨
wZwb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| G¸wji g‡a¨ wKQz nj -
1) wb‡R‡K I Ab¨‡K MÖnY Kiv, 2) mijZv I
¯^Z:ù‚Z©Zv, 3) AvZ¥-‡Kw›`ªKZvi
(B‡MvwfwËK) †P‡q mgm¨v-†Kw›`ªK, 4) ¯^Zš¿
ev Ab¨ †_‡K Avjv`v (e¨w³MZ ev GKvš—Zv),
5) ms¯‹…wZ‡Z ¯^vaxb (¯^vaxbZv‡PZv gb ev B”Qv), 6) cÖwZwbqZ cÖvYešÍZv ev cÖksmv (we¯§qKi
Abyf~wZ), 7) wbM~p/AwZ›`ªxq I P~ovšÍ
AwfÁZv, 8) RvwZ †Mvôx‡`i Rb¨ `i` I
Ab¨‡`i mv‡_ HK¨Zv, 9) Mfxi I AšÍi½
cvi¯úwiK m¤ú©K, 10) j¶¨ I Dcvq fvj I
g‡›`i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ m„wó K‡i, 11) `vk©wbK
iwmKZv, 12) m„RbkxjZv, 13) †Kvb ms¯‹…wZ MÖn‡Y Abgbxq|
gvm‡j&v wek¦vm K‡ib
†h, my¯’ gvbwmK ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ Aek¨B wbw`©ó wKQy †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z n‡e| Zv‡`i
msL¨v g~jZ 5wU: kvixwiK Pvwn`v (¶zav, Nyg Ges Ab¨vb¨), wbivcËv, (wbqg I
w¯’wZkxjZv), fvjevmv I m½Zv (cwievi, eÜzZ¡), kª×v (AvZ¥m¤§vb, ¯^xK…wZ),
AvZ¥ev¯—eZv (cÖK…ZZ¡) (`¶Zvi DbœwZ)| cÖ_‡g Aek¨B cÖv_wgK cÖ‡qvRbxqZv c~iY Ki‡Z
n‡e Ges c‡i ¸i“Z¡ Abymv‡i Ab¨ Pvwn`v c~i‡Y AMÖmi n‡Z n‡e|
Victor Frankl: wf±i d«v¼vj Zuvi bvrwmev`x wkwe‡ii
gg©cxov`vqK gvbwmK AvNv‡Zi AwfÁZv †_‡K Õj‡Mv
wPwKrmv c×wZÕ Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| GLv‡b †ivMx I wPwKrm‡Ki g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK
m¤úK©, cvi¯úwiK MÖnY I wb‡R‡K m¤ú~Y© cÖKv‡ki d‡j Zv‡`i g‡a¨ M‡o I‡V mym¤úK© hv †ivMx‡K Zvi Rxe‡bi
Aw¯Í‡Z¡i mwZ¨Kvi A_© Avwe®‹vi Ki‡Z mg_©
K‡i| d«v¼vj Rxe‡bi `ytL-K‡ói hš¿Yv ¯^vfvweK mZ¨ ev ev¯Íe e‡j ¯^xKvi K‡i e‡jb GB
`ytL-Kó Rxe‡bi mwZ¨Kvi A_© I mwVK D‡Ïk¨ eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| wZwb wkÿv †`b †h,
gvby‡li me‡P‡q ‡ekx cª‡qvRb hv Zv n‡”Q Zvi Rxe‡bi jÿ¨ w¯’i Kiv| Rxe‡bi
R¡vjv-hš¿Yv ‡_‡K gyw³ Kvgbv bq eis GB R¡vjv-hš¿Yv I Kó Kx Kvi‡Yi Rb¨ n‡”Q, hv Avgv‡K
Avjv`v Ki‡Q Zv Avwe®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e, cÖ‡hvR‡b `iKvi n‡j Gi Rb¨ KóI ¯^xKviI Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi Gi Rb¨ †Kvb
c_‡K Avwg MÖnY Ki‡ev Zv e¨w³i Dci wbf©i K‡i, Avm‡j †Kvb kZ© Qvov eis mwVK
wm×všÍB e¨w³i Rxeb Avjv`v K‡i †Zv‡j| gvbyl n‡jv `„p AvZ¥-cÖZ¨qx e¨w³, wb‡R hv
ev †h iKg ‡mfv‡e †m wb‡R‡K ˆZix K‡i ‡bq| GiKg wPwKrmv‡K Aw¯ÍZ¡ev`x wPwKrmv e‡j|
†ivj †g G ai‡Yi `„wó-fw½i GKRb cwiwPZ I cÖfvevwš^Z e¨w³, hw`I Zvi kãMZ w`K I
`vk©wbK wPšÍv cÖ‡qv‡Mi †ÿÎ d«v¼vj †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i|
Av‡iK cÖKvi wPwKrmv n‡jv Bw›`ªqMÖvn¨ wPwKrmv cÖc welq (hv cÂ
Bw›`ª‡qi MÖvn¨), hv †ivMx‡K Zvi mgm¨vi mv‡_ gy‡LvgywL Ae¯’vb K‡i| hvB †nvK, Gi
AšÍwb©wnZ g~j `k©b iRvi d«v¼vj I gvm‡jvi `k©b †_‡K m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v| †h mg¯Í
†ivMxiv Zv‡`i mgm¨v eyS‡Z Aÿg, `vwqZ¡nxb ev Amy¯’, Zviv Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i fv‡jvi
Rb¨ ‡Kb welq evQvB Ki‡Z Aÿg A_ev ‡Kb Zvi Awbnvfve †`Lv hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î wPwKrmK
ïaygvÎ wPwKrmvi j‡ÿ¨ wm×v‡šÍi †ÿ‡ÎB c~Y© KZ©„Z¡ MÖnY K‡i bv eis †ivMx‡K Zvi
hyw³nxb wPšÍvi gy‡LvgywL `uvo Kiv‡bv| ZvQvov †m Av‡`kg~jK †KŠkj cª‡qvM K‡ib hv
cÖ‡qvM K‡i †ivMx‡K g~j¨‡evamn †Kvb gZev` wkwL‡q †`b hv Zvi Rb¨ LyeB DcKvix|
wPwKrmK Zvi g‡a¨ BwZevPK wPšÍv-fvebv I ¯^v_©nxb civ_©ev` wPšÍv cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q
‡`evi ‡Póv K‡ib| ev¯Í‡e DBwjqvg Mø¨vmvi Ges I GBP nvIqvivi Gi mgwš^Z wPwKrmv
c×wZ Bnv ‡_‡K MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†ivMxiv `vwqZ¡nxbZvi Kvi‡Y Zviv Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o| Zviv mvgvwRKZvi
wbgœZi wbq‡gi Kvi‡Y Zviv mvgvwRK ‰bwZK gvcKvwV Abyhvqx AvPiY ev Rxeb mvRv‡Z
e¨_© n‡q c‡o| Zv‡`i ˆ`wnK hš¿Yv AwZwi³ †`v‡li ev wnbgb¨Zvi Kvi‡Y bq eis Zv‡`i
†`vl cvc¯^xKv‡i I `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Awbnv cÖKv‡ki Kvi‡Y n‡q _v‡K| GB †_ivwci
(†iv‡Mi wPwKrmv) KvR n‡”Q †ivMx‡K Zvi AZx‡Zi GB AbywPZ e¨envi I `vwqZ¡nxbZvi
cÖwZ m¤§yLxb Kiv‡bv Ges ÎæwUc~Y© KvR ¯^xKvi Kiv‡bv| Gi d‡j †m AZx‡Zi fzj
myaiv‡bvi my‡hvM †c‡Z cv‡i Ges bxwZevb I Rxe‡bi cÖwZ `vwqZ¡kxj n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i|
ev¯ÍeZv ‡gvKv‡ejvi gva¨‡g e¨w³ cybtivq Rxe‡bi ev e¨w³i mgš^q mvab Ki‡Z cv‡i|
G‡ÿ‡Î Avi GKwU mycwiwPZ P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§ywLbKiY †_ivwc hv Gi `„wófw½
†_‡K wfbœ; Avi Zv n‡jv hyw³msMZ Av‡ewMK †_ivwc hvi D™¢veK n‡jb AvjevU© Gwjm|
wZwb wek¦vm K‡ib †h, gvbyl wb‡R‡`i cÖwZ AwZwi³ KK©k Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡R‡K AwZwi³
†`vlv‡ivc I wePvi K‡i _v‡K| Gwjm GUv‡K g~j¨vqb K‡i †`‡Lb †h, Gi g~j KviY n‡jv
A‡bK gvbyl Av‡Q hviv Aev¯Íe I A‡hŠw³K wPšÍv K‡i Ges civwRZ AvZ¥vq Zviv wek¦vm
K‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc, GB ai‡Yi e¨w³ AweiZ wb‡R‡K e‡j ÒAvgv‡K fvjevmv I cªksmvi
†hvM¨ nIqv cÖ‡qvRbÓ, A_ev ÒAvgv‡K fvj, Dchy³ I †hvM¨ e¨w³ n‡Z n‡eÓ, A_ev ÒAvwg
fvj bv, ZvB Avgv‡K Dchy³ e¨w³ nIqvi Rb¨ Kó Ki‡Z n‡eÓ| G †_ivwci cÖ_g jÿ¨ n‡”Q
GB ai‡Yi wek¦vm I †bwZevPK wPšÍv‡K e¨w³ †_‡K wbg©~j Kiv Ges Zv‡K Zvi A‡hŠw³K
j¾v I ‡`vl †_‡K gy³ ev ¯^vaxb Kiv †hb †mB e¨w³ cÖwZK~j mvgvwRK cwi‡ek _vKv
m‡Ë¡I ev A‡b¨iv fzj cÖgvY Ki‡jI †m †hb
my›`ifv‡e Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z wkÿ‡Z cv‡i| †m †hb wkÿ‡Z cv‡i †h, cª‡Z¨‡KB Zvi wb‡Ri
g‡Zv bq; ev me wKQz‡ZB m¤ú~Y© †kªôZ¡ AR©b Kiv mevi m¤¢e bq|
cvwievwiK
†_ivwct GKwU cwiev‡ii
g‡a¨ wbwnZ g‡bvfve I AvPiY fvj bv g›` DfqB n‡Z cv‡i GKwU m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbv e„w×
jv‡fi Kvi‡Y cvwievwiK †_ivwc RbwcÖq n‡q D‡V‡Q| wPwKrmKMY GKwU cwiev‡ii mKj
m`m¨‡`i GKwÎZ K‡i Zv‡`i g‡a¨ ؇›Øi cÖavb KviY¸‡jv AbymÜvb K‡i †ei K‡ib Ges
Zv‡`i ga¨Kvi aŸsmvZ¥K AvPiY¸‡jv hv Zv‡`i mgm¨v¸‡jv‡KB wPi¯’vqx K‡i, Zv Zv‡`i
mvg‡b cÖKvk K‡ib| G‡¶‡Î wPwKrmKMY Zv‡`i cÖwZeÜKZv mg~n ms‡kvab K‡ib| GB †_ivwci
D™¢veK n‡jb fvwR©wbqv m¨vUvi (Virginia Satir)| Zvi GB
‡_ivwci Øviv A‡bK cwievi‡K myôz Ges bZzb I c~Y© g‡bvfve wb‡q ¯^vgx-¯¿x,
wcZvgvZv, mš—vb Ges cwiev‡ii mKjm`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ AvPiYMZfv‡e cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© Mo‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i|
`¤úwZ‡`i m‡¤§jb ev g¨v‡iR GKvD›Uvit `¤úwZ‡`i m‡¤§jb ev g¨v‡iR GKvD›Uvi nj GK ai‡Yi cvwievwiK
†_ivwc hv Kv_wjK `¤úwZ‡`i g‡a¨ we‡kl fv‡e mgv`„Z| GUv g~jZ ¯^vgx I ¯¿xi g‡a¨
m¤úvw`Z n‡q _v‡K †hb Zviv Zv‡`i `v¤úZ¨ m¤ú‡K©i Av‡iv DbœwZ mvab I Av‡iv Mfxi
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zviv †QvU †QvU `‡j wef³ n‡q wbqwgZfv‡e GKwÎZ nq Ges Zv‡`i ‰eevwnK
Rxeb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i Ges G‡K A‡b¨i mgm¨vq mnvbyf~wZ †`Lvq| gv‡S gv‡S GKRb
hvRK Zv‡`i mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ _v‡Kb|
AvPiYMZ j¶Yt G‡K wk¶Y c×wZI e‡j| GB ‡_ivwc c×wZwU Avevi ÔAvPi‡Yi cwieZ©bÕ bv‡gI cwiwPZ| mvwe©K
g‡bvfve cwieZ©b bv K‡i ev †ivMxi
e¨w³‡Z¡i cybtms¯‹vi bv K‡i AvPibev`x g‡bvwe`MY wbw`©ó KZ¸‡jv AvPiY cwieZ©‡bi
Rb¨ KvR K‡ib| Zviv gvbe hš¿‡K cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v Øviv wbqwš¿Z GKwU Ave× ev‡·i gZ
†`L‡Z †Póv K‡ib| †mRb¨ Mfx‡i `„wó wb‡¶c Kiv ev KvVv‡gvi cwieZ©b Avbv Ges wfwË
mg~n‡K cÖwZ¯’vcb Kiv wbmcÖ‡qvRb, †hgbwU Avwa‡ew`K ( ‡fŠwZK ev AwZcÖvK…Z)
†jv‡Kiv g‡b K‡i _v‡Kb| Zviv Abyf~wZ, Ae‡PZb I †h †Kvb ai‡Yi g‡bvMZ (AvZ¥wbô /Subjective) welq Awek¦vm
K‡i| Zviv g‡b K‡ib †h cybwbg©vY †_‡K †givgZ KivB cÖ‡qvRbxq Ges DËg| †m Kvi‡Y
AvPiYB †Kej cv‡V¨i wePvh© welq| kixi me©¯^ †jv‡Ki g‡Zv Zviv e¯‘wbô, cwigvbMZ
cÖgvY ¯^”QZv (Clarity) ev ev¯ÍeZvi Dci †Rvo †`q| G‡Z mË¡v e‡j wKQz †bB|
msÁv
kvixwiK ¯Íit gvbwmK Kg©Kv‡Ûi kvixwiK
KviY¸‡jv mg‡Ü DcvË ( M„wnZ ZË¡) Ges aviYv|
AvšÍtgb ¯Íit †KŠwkK (cÖwµqv) mg‡Ü DcvË Ges
aviYv, hv m‡PZbZvi MfxiZe ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb K‡i|
Kíbv cÖm~Z ¯Íit Ae‡jvKb‡hvM¨ cÖwZ‡Ëvi Ges †ivMxi Kvh©Kvjv
mg‡Ü DcvË Ges aviYv|
kvixwiK wPwKrmvt Jlax, ˆe`y¨wZK Ges A‡¯¿vcvPvi wPwKrmv
c×wZ¸‡jv AvPiY, Av‡eM Ges
wPšÍvi evwn¨K (ˆ`wnK) KviY¸‡jv
cwieZ©b Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq|
AvšÍtgvbwmK †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv (Intrapsychic theraphy)t GB wPwKrmv
c×wZ‡Z †ivMxi Ae‡PZb Ask I Ø›Ø mg‡Ü m‡PZb K‡i
I cwieZ©b K‡i hv‡Z e¨w³ Zvi e¨w³Z¡‡K Rvb‡Z cv‡i|
KíbvcÖmyZ wPwKrmvt GB †_ivwc c×wZ hv
e¨w³i Rxeb mg‡Ü AvZ¥civRq g‡bvfv‡ei cybweb¨vm
(†gvo Nywi‡q w`‡Z) Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
GB †_ivwc c×wZ wk¶Y c×wZi Dci
wbf©ikxj, Bnv e¨w³MZ Abyf~wZ ev Kg©Kv‡Ûi cwieZ©‡bi †P‡q AvPiYMZ cwieZ©‡bi ‡ekx
e¨envi Kiv nq| Ans Qvov e¨w³Z¡ nqbv| Gi j¶Y n‡jv AvPi‡Yi c~‡e© ms‡KZ †`Iqv I Zv
wbqš¿Y Kiv| cªvYx msµvš— wel‡qi gZB AvPiYev`xMYI HwZn¨MZfv‡e M‡elbvMv‡i/
j¨ve‡iUix‡Z KvR K‡ib| WviDBb Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q Zviv aviYv K‡i †h, gvbyl
Acwinvh©fv‡e Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYx †_‡K wfbœ bq| we. Gd.w¯‹bvi whwb 1904 wLª÷v‡ã Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib, wZwb Av‡gwiKvi me© cÖfvekvjx g‡bvwe` e‡j cwiwPZ| wZwb Bu`yi, K‡cvZ Ges
KzKz‡ii Dci cix¶v K‡i wbwðZ nb †h, cÖvYxi AvPiY m¤úY©~iƒ‡c c~e© †_‡K Rvbv m¤¢e
Ges Zv wbqš¿Y KivI m¤¢e| w¯‹bv‡ii wek¦vm, GKgvÎ gvbylB RwUjZg cÖvYx| †m Kvi‡Y
cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i GKwU Av`k© mgvR Mov †h‡Z cv‡i| Zvi g‡Z ¯^vaxb B”Qv, ¯^vaxbZv,
`vwqZ¡kxjZv, gh©v`v nj g‡bi KwíZ welq| me wKQz evwn¨K NUbvi Øviv e¨vL¨v Kiv
m¤¢e, hv cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡e| wZwb D‡jL K‡ib †h, †hLv‡b ¯^vaxb B”Qv
i‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b c~e© aviYv wbqš¿Y Kiv Am¤¢e n‡q ci‡e|
w¯‹bv‡ii c~e© ch©šÍ AvPiYev`x
g‡bvwe`¨v AwaKvsk †¶‡Î gnvb evwkqvb g‡bvwe` Bfvb cvfjf Gi Dci Ki‡Zv| KzKz‡ii
Dci cix¶v K‡i wZwb Af¨vmMZfv‡e †kLv Ges Af¨vmMZfv‡e DwÏcK wbwðZ cÖgvY K‡ib|
GUv‡K Af¨vmMZ mvov`vb e‡j| †h KvR †Zvgiv ¯^ZtùzZ© fv‡e Ki, wPšÍv bv K‡iB †h me
welq wkLQ, Zvi meB Af¨vmMZ cÖwZwe¤^| cv‡q nvUv _vgv‡bv, evB‡i hvIqvi mgq `iRv
AvUKv‡bv, ev‡¯‹Uej aiv, UvBc Kiv, PvgP ev nvZ w`‡q LvIqv cÖf„wZ mKjB mvnvh¨Kvix Af¨vm| ¯‹xbv‡ii cix¶v I †jLbxi
Kvi‡Y D‡b¥v³ cix¶Y (operant) GiB Dci AwaK †Rvo †`Iqv nq| G‡¶‡Î AvPi‡Yi ci m‡PZbZvi
(D‡ËRbv) BwZevPK ev †bwZevPK cÖfve c‡i| Avwg hw` GKRb `wi`ª †jvK‡K 100 UvKv
w`B, G‡¶‡Î `we`ª ‡jv‡Ki Rb¨ Zv n‡e UvKvUv †diZ †`Iqvi BwZevPK cÖfve| hw` GKRb
QvÎ KzB‡R 20 b¤^i cvq, Z‡e Zv n‡e QvÎiwUi eÜz‡`i mv‡_ cÖwZ mܨvq AvÇv †`Iqvi
†bwZevRK cÖfve|
AKv‡gi DBwjqvg, PZz`k© kZvãxi `vk©wbK GB wk¶v ‡`b †h, ev¯ÍeZv‡K cÖ‡qvR‡bi mv‡_ eûgvZ„K
nIqv DwPZ bq| Ab¨ K_vq mvgvb¨Zg mgvavbB g~jZ cÖK…Z mgvavb| GB A‡_© AvPiYev`xMY
KvjRqx n‡q‡Qb| KwZcq aviYv h_v, cÖwZDËi k‡Z©, cix¶Y k‡Z© Ges cÖfve we¯Ív‡ii
gva¨‡g Zviv g‡bvwe`¨vi mKj cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb| Zviv Aek¨ gvbe cÖK…wZi
RwUjZv I wewPÎZv‡K AwZ mvgvb¨ Ki‡bi `v‡q Awfhy³ n‡q‡Qb| w¯‹bv‡ii gZ me KviY
LyeB Kvh©Ki Ges mKj g‡bvwe` wKQzUv †ekx cwigv‡Y †gŠwjK Dcv`vb I c×wZ e¨envi K‡i
_v‡Kb| g~jZ: GB c×wZ¸‡jv AwfeveKMY Zv‡`i mš—vb‡`i Movi ‡¶‡Î e¨envi K‡ib, †hgb
wk¶v`vbKvixMY Zv‡`i we`¨vjq I †kªYxK¶ cwiPvjbv K‡ib|
w¯‹bvi wek¦vm K‡ib, A_ev wZwb wbwðZ cÖgvY K‡ib †h, cyi®‹vi wk¶v‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i
Ges AvPiY‡K j‡¶¨i w`‡K avweZ K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K kvw¯Í e¨w³‡K Zvi wK Kiv DwPZ Zvi †P‡q
†ewk e‡j †`q Zvi wK Kiv DwPZ bq| GKB mv‡_ kvw¯Í AvPi‡Yi mv‡_ †kl n‡q hvq bv,
GUv †Kej gvÎ AvPiY‡K QÙ †ek `vb K‡i| AwaKvsk †¶‡ÎB kvw¯Í djcÖmy wk¶vi eo euvav
¯^i“c| G Kvi‡Y KvivMvi, K‡q`x‡`i cwieZ©b K‡i bv| AvPiY wPwKrmvq c~e©-j¶YB †ivM|
we‡kl †Kvb kvixwiK KviY Av‡ewMK, gvbwmK, A_ev A‡PZb KviY AbymÜvb Kiv hvq bv|
a~gcvb, WªvM †meb, †bkv, AvZ¼, mvgvwRK ¶Z, ïwK‡q hvIqv †ivM we‡kl cÖf„wZi †¶‡Î
AvPiYB KvR K‡i, kvixwiK ev gvbwmK KviY G †¶‡Î ¸i“Ë¡c~Y© bq| nqZ Lvc †L‡Z A¶g
AvPiY ¸‡jv mwi‡q †dj‡Z n‡e, bqZ Kvw•LZ AvPiY¸‡jv‡K MwVZ Ki‡Z n‡e A_ev DfqB Ki‡Z
n‡e|
Aek¨ KiYxq c×wZwU fq I AvZ¼ n‡Z gy³
Kivi Rb¨ Dbœqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| e¨w³‡K hLb Zvi kix‡ii gvsm †ckx ¸‡jv wkw_j Kivi †KŠkj
†`Iqv nq, ZLb Zv‡K Ggb wRwbm ev Ae¯’vi K_v Kíbv Ki‡Z ejv nq, hv fq D‡`ªK K‡i|
ZLb wkiv D‡ËwRZ n‡j Zv wkw_j Kiv nq| †h‡nZy fq I wkw_jZv wei“× Pwi‡Îi, ZvB fq
cÖwZwµqv P‡j hvq|
w¯‹bv‡ii gZ LuvwU AvPiYv`xMY, Av‡eM I gvbwmK c×wZ MÖnY K‡ib bv| Ò‡m
ivMvwš^ZÓ bv e‡j Zviv ej‡e Ò‡m wPrKvi Kij Ges Zvi gywô w`‡q †jvKwU‡K AvNvZ Kij|
Ò‡m eyw×gvbÓ bv e‡j Zviv ej‡e Ò‡m iex›`ªbv_ gyL¯’ ej‡Q|Ó ev ‡m KwVb MvwbwZK mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Q|Ó Zviv
g~j¨‡eva¸wj‡K AvPi‡Yi Øviv e¨vL¨v K‡i| A‡b‡K eB cov‡K covi cÖwZ Avgiv g~j¨‡eva
e‡j e¨vL¨v Kie| b¨vh¨ gRywi cÖ`vb Ges mwgwZ cÖwZôv‡K e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡e G‡K A‡b¨i
b¨vh¨Zvi g~j †eva wn‡m‡e| cÖwZw`b cÖv_©bv Kivi A_©B nj cÖv_©bvi cÖwZ GKR‡bi
g~j¨‡eva|
msÁv: kZ©v‡ivc KiY-GKwU c×wZ ev
wk¶v hv m‡PZbZvi (D‡ËRbvi) gva¨‡g cªwZwµqv cÖKvk Kiv nq| hv g~jZ H cÖwZwµqv †ei
K‡i bv|
|
µwgK bs
|
Rxeb
¯Íi
|
KvR
|
m¼UKvj
|
|
1
|
wkï(Rb¥-2)
|
mvgvwRK eÜb
|
wek¦vm/Awek¦vm
|
|
2
|
GK cv, `y-cv Uj‡Z Uj‡Z/†U‡b nuvUv, (2-4) AwZ ˆkke|
|
MwZ kw³, K_v, AvZ¥mvshg|
|
¯^qswµq/j¾v ev m‡›`n (m¶gZv ev
A¶gZv)|
|
|
3
|
we`¨vj‡qi cÖv_wgK eqm (5-7) ga¨g
ˆkke|
|
MwZkw³i `¶Zv, wj½ mbv³ KiY (GKRb evjK evwjKv n‡Z †Kgb
jv‡M)|
|
c`‡¶c †bqv/ wØavMÖ¯’Zv
(AvZ¥-m¤§vb ev wb‡Ri B”Qv mg‡Ü wØavMÖ¯’|
|
|
4
|
we`¨vj‡qi gva¨wgK mgq (8-12)
ˆkk‡ei †kl ch©vq|
|
`jxq †Ljv-a~jv, ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_
cÖ_g eÜzZ¡| (gvQ aiv, d©vgKiv, ivbœv Kiv, †jLv‡jwL Kiv|
|
cwikªgx/ nxbgb¨Zv (Kv‡Ri cÖwZ
g‡bvfve) AR©‡bi Rb¨ †cÖiYv ev †Póv Kiv|
|
|
5
|
cÖv_wgK e‡qvtmwÜ (13-17)|
|
Kgeqmx‡`i `‡ji m`m¨, kvixwiK
cwic°Zv (†hŠb m‡PZbZv)|
|
`jxq cwiPq, GKvKxZ¡ (Kv‡iv nIqvi
Abyf~wZ A_ev wfbœ _vKvi Abyf~wZ| mgvR wew”QbœZv|
|
|
6
|
e‡qvtmwÜ †kl ch©vq (18-22)|
|
AwffveK n‡Z gy³/¯^vaxb nIqv,
cÖwZôv jv‡fi cQ›`, ˆbwZKZv AvZœ¯’ KiY, A_©‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv|
|
e¨w³‡Kw›`ªK cwiwPwZ/ e¨w³Z¡
cÖKv‡k wØav (KwgDwbwU ev `‡j wb‡Ri ¯’vb I `vwqZ¡) wØav-؇›Øi Abyf~wZ|
|
|
7
|
be‡hŠe‡bi e‡qvtmwÜ Kvj/cwic°Zvi
cÖv_wgK ch©vq (23-30)|
|
weevn, mšÍvb Rb¥`vb, KvR (Kg©
Rxe‡bi Dbœqb), Rxeb-avi‡bi aib, mvgvwRK emevm|
|
AšÍi½Zv/GKvKxZ¡ (MÖnYxq ev
GKvKxZ¡ †eva, hy³ ev wehy³) cQ‡›`i wel‡q m‡›`n|
|
|
8
|
cÖvK& ga¨ eqm, weeZ©b
(30-35)|
|
cybtg~j¨vqb, cybtwb‡ew`Z nIqv,
cybcÖwZÁve× nIqv| (`xN© c‡_ AMÖmi) GKR‡bi cÖwZôv jvf Kiv Ges Ab¨‡`i Rb¨
cÖwZÁv Kviv|
|
bevqb/ cwiZ¨vM Kiv| bZzb Rxe‡bi
Abyf~wZ A_ev GK †N‡qgx Ges wbw®K…wZ cvIqvi B”Qv|
|
|
9
|
cÖvK& ga¨ eqm(36-50)|
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ga¨ eq‡mi g~j¨vq, mšÍvb evox Z¨vM
K‡i (k~Y¨ cvwLi evmv), e‡qvwbe„wË| m¤ú‡K©i cwieZ©b, cwiev‡ii evB‡iI mshy³
nIqv|
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mvgvwRK Rxe‡bi AR©b I A_©/A¶gZv I
A_©nxb Abyf~wZ/kw³ I D‡Ïk¨ A_ev mœvqyi ¶wZ A_ev wb‡`©kbv|
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10
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ga¨ eqm, ga¨g cwic°Zv (51-65)|
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e¨w³MZ, ˆbwZKZv‡K mvg‡b †i‡L gvbe
cwiev‡ii †mev Kiv, Kv‡ivi cÖwZôv jv‡f euvav bv †`Iqv, ؛ظ‡jv cybtmgvavb Kiv,
Áv‡bi Dci Av¯’v mnKv‡i wbf©i Kiv| fwel¨Z eskai‡`i Rxebve¯’vi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨
Rxebve¯’vq kvixwiK `¶Zv †_‡K AwfÁZv Áv‡bi Dci wbf©i Kiv|
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m„RbkxjZv/wbi“ÏgZv, Ab¨‡`i gva¨‡g
AskMÖn‡bi gva¨‡g ¯’vqx cÖwZkÖ“wZ/AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªK, wbðj| (mvgvwRK †mev, wk¶v,
Dc‡`k, Ask MÖnY, mKj gvbyl‡K fvB-‡evb wn‡m‡e AwfÁZv Kiv/ AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªKZv|
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11
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ciewZ© cwic°Zv (65-g„Zz¨)|
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ciwbf©ikxjZv e„w×, GKR‡bi Rxeb
g~j¨vqb, Ab¨‡`i g„Zz¨i mv‡_ wbR g„Zz¨i K_v wPšÍv Kiv/GKvZ¥Zv ¯^xKvi Kiv, e„×
nIqv, Ges Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y wb‡Ri g„Zz¨i K_v fvev, Ab¨‡`i we`vq Rvbv‡bvi ¶gZv
Ges GKR‡bi kw³i cybtwb‡`©k|
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b¨vq civqYZv/ nZvkvi Abyf~wZ †h,
Rxe‡bi A_© I g~j¨ Av‡Q A_ev nZvkv, Rxe‡bi Rb¨ Drmvn a‡i ivLv, A_ev wbi“rmvwnZ
I wZ³Zv| AvZ¥-b¨vq civqYZv Zzjbvq Ki“bvi Abyf~wZ, e¨_©Zv I wbivkv, m‡Z¡ I
Rxeb A_©en|
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1| Rxeb avc-¯^Zš¿ Kvj ev eqm Rxeb
P‡µ we¯Ívi jvf K‡i, mvaviYZt eskMZ cixw¶Z wKš‘ KL‡bv wm×v‡šÍ Av‡m kvixwiK ¯’vqx
Ae¯’v †_‡K|
2| cwiPq m‡PZbZv- ZrciZv e¨vL¨v Av‡m
cÖ‡Z¨K e„wׇZ mgm¨vi djvd‡ji cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z|
3| gvbwmK fvev‡ek- gvbe mvwe©K
K‡g©i cÖavb welq| c„w_evx‡Z GKRb nŸvi Rb¨ g~jc`cv`¨|
4| mZš¿ ¸bvejx gvbexq kw³ hv ˆ`wnK
AvZ¥vi †PZbv I cÖvYešÍZv|
5| ¸i“Z¡c~Y© m¤ú‡K©i cwiwa e¨w³
hviv cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i cÖavb j¶¨ MVb K‡i|
6| cvigvbweK e„wׇZ mgm¨v Rxeb mg‡Ü
avibvi mwVK avc A_ev mZš¿ avc ev cÖ`Ë Rxeb av‡ci e„w× NUvq| GKwU cÖ‡qvR‡bi †gvo
†`q hLb Dbœqb Aek¨B `iKvi| my¯’ e„w×i Rb¨ GKwU M„nbxq AbycvZ cÖ‡qvRb|
Avgv‡`i Ava¨vwZ¥K Rxeb wbw`©ó
Dbœq‡bi avcmg~‡n cwiPvwjZ nq| mK‡ji mv‡e©v”P av‡c †cŠQvu‡Z cv‡i bv; hZ¶b bv
Lªx‡ói wk¶v‡K cwic~Y© AvZ¥¯’ K‡i, hv‡K mvaŸx †Z‡iRv mßg AÆvwjKv ev P~ov e‡j
AwfwnZ K‡ib, †hLv‡b AvZ¥vi we‡kl ai‡Yi Ávb †Kvb e¯Íy‡K mnR mij I ¯úó fv‡e ‡`‡L
Ges Zvi mwVK A_© Abyaveb K‡i| wKš‘
`yt‡Li welq eû eq¯‹ e¨w³ hviv Av‡iv cwic° fv‡e Rxeb hvc‡b m¶g I Z…ß Zviv
Ava¨vwZ¥K Rxe‡b Dbœq‡bi Acwic° avc i“‡c Av‡aq e¯‘ †i‡L †`q|
avc¸‡jv‡K GZ mnR fv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv
hvq bv| cÖwZwU Abya¨vbB nj KZ¸‡jv avibvi, g‡bvfv‡ei Ges wm×v‡šÍi mgwó h
Ava¨vwZ¥K Dbœq‡bi wekvj eY©vjx g‡a¨ GKwU `j ev mgwó wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i|
ag©‡K evn¨KiY: †Kvb e¨w³i Kvh©µg
‡cÖlYv/mÂvjb evB‡ii w`‡K AbyavweZ|
aviv 1- †cÖlYv/mÂvjb nj †Kvb e¨w³ ev †Kvb
e¯‘y n‡Z cvIqv Avb›` ev Kó|
avc 1: gvbyl kvw¯Íi
f‡q KvR K‡i|
avc 2: gvbyl KvR K‡i
KviY Zviv cyi¯‹vi I Avb›` †Luv‡R|
aviv 2: †cÖlYv/mÂvjb
nj `„pZv, myk„sLwjZ A_ev cÖPwjZ ixwZbxwZ|
avc 3: gvbyl KvR K‡i
KviY Zviv A‡b¨i g½j wPšÍv K‡i, Zv‡`i MÖnY K‡i|
avc 4: gvbyl KvR K‡i
wbq‡gi/AvB‡bi Kvi‡Y| Zviv wbqg AbymiY K‡i, gvb¨ K‡i wKš‘ Gi Rb¨ `vwqZ¡ MÖnY
Ki‡Z Pvq bv|
ag©‡K AšÍKiY: e¨w³i Kvh©µ‡gi
‡cÖlYv/mÂvjb hv Av‡m AšÍi †_‡K|
aviv 3: ‡cÖlYv/mÂvjb
GKcÖKvi AšÍibxwZ hv Øviv Avgiv Avgv‡`i KvRmg~n wePvi we‡ePbv K‡i _vwK|
avc 5: gvbyl wb‡Ri
Rb¨ wm×všÍ wb‡Z Pvq| Zviv wb‡Riv `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i Îes wb‡RB cÖwZÁve× nq| GUvB
Pzw³mË¡v avc, hvi g‡a¨ gvbyl wbq‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`L‡Z cvq wKš‘ GUv memgq
mywbwðZ bq| Zviv wek¦vm K‡i GUv †h‡Kvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cwieZ©bkxj Ges Zv‡`i AvPiY
Pzw³ ×viv cwiPvwjZ hv Zviv A‡b¨i mv‡_ K‡iwQj|
avc 6: gvbyl Zv‡`i
bxwZ‡Z Rxeb hvcb K‡i| Lªxóvb‡`i g~j bxwZ ev g~j¨‡eva nj- †mev hv Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri
wb‡`©kbv †`q| Zv‡`i aviYv I wPšÍv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| wek¦vm I wµqv ÎK n‡q D‡V|
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Avqyn«vm I g„Zzi c~‡e© wek¦vm I Avb›` ebvg K…cYZv
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AvZ¥m¤§vb ebvg AvZ¥-AeÁv
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Db¥y³Zv ebvg AZx‡Zi cÖwZ `„p AvbyMZ¨Zv
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eyw×`xß cÖKvk ebvg AvZ¥‡MvcbxqZv
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cÖK…Z g~j¨ ebvg `¶Zv Ges g~j¨ nviv‡bv
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cvi¯cwiK mg_©b ebvg ¯^v_©ci Pvwn`v
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mvnm Ges cÖZ¨q ebvg Rxe‡b c~Y© AeÁZv
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Ang mgbœq ebvg nZvkv
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kvšÍ Ae¯’v ebvg cÖwZi¶v g‡bvfve
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AvZ¥`„pZv ebvg SuywKi fq
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m„RbkxjZv ebvg cybive„wË
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Aa¨vemvqx ebvg Abyrmvnx
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g~j¨‡eva ebvg Av‡eMx †`vjvqgvb
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mnfvwMZv ebvg e¨envi Kiv
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cÖRbb ebvg wbðjZv
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m¤ú~Y© bxieZvq a¨vbgq AvwZ_¨Zv
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cÖZ¨vk ebvg Zx³Zv
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Pzw³e×Zv ebvg BZ:¯ÍZv
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AvZ¥cÖKvk ebvg MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv
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mgwóMZ K‡Vvi †Póv ebvg `¶Zv
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wm×všÍ ebvg GKvKxZ¡
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mym¯úwK©Z cÖvY, Rxeb `vbKvix weKvk
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‡KŠZznj evbg Af¨¯’Zv
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¯^vaxbZv ebvg AaxbZv
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we‡ùvwiZ ebvg AvZ¥i¶v
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AvZ¥Dbœqb ebvg AvZ¥g~j¨vqb
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cwiPq ebvg KiYxq wel‡q m‡›`n
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e¨w³MZ KvVv‡gv MÖnY‡hvM¨ †g‡b †bqv
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AwfÁZvi Kv‡Q Db¥y³ ebvg RbZvi fx‡oi g‡a¨ mvd‡j¨i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
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GKvMÖ †Póv ebvg ¸Uv‡bv ev AšÍfy©w³ bv Kiv
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‡bZ…Z¡ ebvg AbymiY
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kªgkxj ebvg nxbZv
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`‡ji mv‡_ GKB my‡i myi wgjv‡Z cv‡i
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D‡ËRbv ebvg fq
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AK…ZKvh©Zv †g‡b †bIqv ebvg MÖnYxqZvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
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D‡`¨vMx ebvg
Aciva cÖeYZv
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MÖnYxq ebvg AMÖnYxq
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mqswµq ebvg j¾¡v I m‡›`n
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mvaviY KvVv‡gvMZ ¯’vqx a¨vbgq Ae¯’v
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g~jwek¦vm ebvg fyjwek¦vm
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posted by Johnastine @ 08:26
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